...Group 3: History To what extent did breaking code JN-25 and code ULTRA give aid to the Allies in the Pacific and Atlantic theatres of World War Two? Word Count: 3746 Abstract: This extended essay has the subject of Code Breaking Intelligence. When studying the Second World War, the phrase ‘code breaking’ is not highlighted as a significant factor, so this investigation is to assess the contribution of code intelligence in the Second World War. The main question being: To what extent did breaking code JN-25 and code ULTRA give aid to the Allies in the Pacific and Atlantic theatres of World War Two? The scope of this investigation is confined to two specific codes called the JN-25 and Ultra. This is due to the abundance of codes and ciphers used during WWII. It is also limited to where, either the Pacific or Atlantic theatres, these two codes were most effectively applied to aid the Allies. Information was attained from secondary sources to create a bank of relative information to the research question. The conclusion that can be drawn from this investigation is that code intelligence did significantly aid the Allies in the Pacific and Atlantic theatres. With the assistance of JN-25 the Americans halted the Japanese in the Pacific theatre, stopping its expansionist and aggressive behaviour. Similarly, the British and the Americans, with the help of code Ultra, achieved an offensive against Germany and Hitler, plus shortening the war by two to four years, supported by...
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...Traditional Japanese Culture and its Influence in Australia. Abstract: This paper looks at traditional Japanese culture in its entirety, and how exactly certain traditional aspects have influenced societies within Australia. The purpose of this research was to not only discover how exactly Japanese culture is recognised within Australian society today; but also to identify how Australians have gravitated towards the culture in general, allowing for major aspects to become part of their everyday life. The start of this research began to look at past views of Japan in Australia (which covered the White Australia Policy, and attitudes during and after World War II), and contrasted this with Australians present day perspectives of Japan. The research then continued to look at traditional cultural aspects of Japan such as; Japanese dining and mannerisms, sport, religion and spirituality, and visual arts, and then continued to discuss exactly how these aspects have impacted and influenced Australia and its members of society. The findings of this research reached a conclusion that although Japan was once perceived extremely negative by Australians, its influence within the Australian wider community is not only undeniable, but immensely beneficial and constructive to society. Introduction The culture of Japan is a multi-layered and intricate system that has been developed and sustained for over thousands of years. The Japanese culture combines both ancient and contemporary...
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...(Queensland) Revised 2014 Introduction Welcome to the second of six eLearning Lecture Enhancement Modules for this unit. As explained in your first eModule, the purpose of these eModules is to extend the content of your weekly two hour lecture, to create knowledge links for you to the Seminar Questions that you and other students will be planning to present in your Student Seminars, and to help you enrich your learning as you develop your reflective learning and writing skills. In this eModule, you will be able to explore further: social changes from world globalizing processes, health care and globalizing processes, and finally, globalizing processes and cultural diversity in Australia. As you will be aware there is one Reflective Learning and Writing proforma on LEO that you are asked to use for your Reflective Learning and Writing task (2,500 words). At the end of this eModule (look under the green box) there are five questions from which you can choose a question to answer for your second assessment task. Learning Outcomes and Graduate Attributes The Learning Outcomes (with numbering from your Unit Outline) that will be addressed in this eModule are as follows – 1. explain changes in contemporary Australian society, culture and health related to world globalising processes; 2. discuss the impact of societal changes and an increasing cultural diversity in Australia on the provision of health care; 3. contrast how health and illness are constructed within diverse cultures...
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...MAN OF STEEL AND THE DRAGON: AUSTRALIA’S RELATIONSHIP WITH CHINA DURING THE HOWARD ERA PROPOSAL INTRODUCTION On consecutive days in October 2003, President George W Bush of the United States of America and President Hu Jintao of People’s Republic of China addressed joint sittings of both houses of the Australian Parliament. This historic occasion symbolises how Australia conducted its foreign relations with ‘East’ and ‘West’ during the Howard Era. The pragmatic decision to allow Hu Jintao to become the first non-American foreigner to address both houses demonstrates how Howard viewed Sino-Australian relations. It showed the world that it was possible to have warm relations with both the United States and China. By the end of the Howard Era in 2007, China had become Australia’s major trading partner. This was a far cry from 1996, when in the first months of the newly elected Howard Government a series of events caused severe tensions in Sino-Australian relations, as described below. This culminated in the Chinese response of banning visits to China by Australian ministers, a serious manoeuvre in the nuanced world of diplomacy. From these frosty beginnings, the relationship between the two nations strengthened considerably, for a variety of reasons, some of them outside Australia’s control. Paul Keating may have sown the seeds to Australia’s ‘pivot’ to Asia, but it was the Howard Government that undertook the most significant shift in orientation, cumulating in the historic...
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...having a voice to parliament, treaties and truth telling in history. Before WW2, Indigenous people were not spoken about, their recognition was minimal, and most Australians did not fully understand the horrific events they had endured. Our contemporary nation has...
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...Action, the Second Amendment states that “A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed” (Alderman and Kennedy, pg.89). Today’s society has changed a lot since the time period when the Second Amendment was first ratified on December 15, 1791. Because of the Second Amendment, the use of guns is a lot more dangerous for us in society today. The number of suicides and homicides are increasing every year and the United States has a higher amount of firearm related murders than other countries. Even though American gains a lot of rights and benefits due to the Second Amendment, the negative effects are increasing every year. By improving the Second Amendment, and putting more restrictions on gun regulations, there would be a safer society for the people. Our world has evolved – the Second Amendment should evolve as well. The right to keep and bear arms makes people feel a lot safer because they have some source of protection. It is impossible for the government to protect every American citizen, so the people should have...
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...Graphs 1 and 2 highlight the growth trend in GDP per capital from the years 1998 to 2009. Note that New Zealand’s GDP per capita is overall lower than Australia but this is not the point of interest. What is to be highlighted is that Australia’s trend of growth continues to increase, however New Zealand’s trend declines slightly in the year 2009 which reflects the policy implemented and the time lag it took for the global financial crisis to affect GDP per capita. Graph 3 [pic] To further reinforce Australia’s position is the Canadian trend which shows a reduction of GDP per capita during 2008, and as confidence in the economy picks up, the GDP per capita for 2009 is much more positive. As shown through the graphs, Australia is in a relatively stable position in terms of GDP per capita as compared to other developed nations, with no fluctuations and only a steady increase in growth reflecting the successful macroeconomic policies which promote consumption and consumer confidence in the economy. Although successful policies implemented by the Government and the RBA may have dampened the effects of the global financial crisis and allowed our GDP per capita to stay strong and continually increase, there are other factors which have contributed to Australia’s current strong position in GDP per capita. Australia has always been a country with high mineral yields, which has driven the economy significantly even today....
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...march against a new security law will almost certainly carry through into elections for the territory's Legislative Council in August, and will increase pressure for constitutional reform to let the successor to Chinese-appointed "chief executive" Tung Chee-hwa be chosen by popular vote when his term ends in 2007. Both developments call for determined diplomacy by the many foreign countries with a strong interest in supporting democratic trends in these two Chinese outposts, in the face of intense hostility by Beijing to any outside "interference" in what it asserts to be purely domestic issues. No country would be more awkwardly caught in the middle of conflicting security and economic interests than Australia if the simmering Taiwan dispute actually flared into war and the United States asked its Pacific allies to join defending the island. The result of such a conflict is a foregone conclusion, given the ramshackle state of China's military, and the US could probably live with the political and economic damage. But as former Department of Foreign Affairs head Stuart Harris and Canberra defence analyst Hugh White pointed out in an ABC...
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...HOW PEACEFUL IS CHINA’S PEACEFUL RISE? 16 July 2014 at 17:01 HOW PEACEFUL IS CHINA’S PEACEFUL RISE? The People’s Republic of China has been taking great pains to point out to its neighbours specifically, and the world in general, that they have nothing to fear of its increasing power. This approach is epitomised by China’s emphasis on the term ‘peaceful rise’ to describe its expanding influence since 2004. Not only is ‘peaceful rise’ used to allay concerns that China will use its power to further its goals at the expense of other nations, it is also used to directly contrast the PRC with the United States who have been embroiled in the same period in the controversial War on Terror. Given the prominence of the claim of the claim it is clearly in the interests of understanding international and regional developments that we pose the question “How peaceful is China’s peaceful rise?” As this essay will show, in light of the PRC’s domestic aims and because of China’s historical and cultural experiences, any attempt to answer question is contradictory, and depends on the region. The question of China’s contradictory peaceful rise is explained most completely by the theory of neoclassical realism. Neoclassical realism argues that it is the aim of states to gain power to pursue what they deem is in their national interests. It breaks down the state’s efforts in that respect into two spheres, the internal and the external. The external sphere is similar to other theories of...
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...What the Government should do in regard to China policy following the 2013 Federal Election 30 July 2013 at 22:44 Some Australian commentators claim that Australia is at a cross roads, and that it is unprecedented that its largest trading partner is not its closest ally.[1] In fact, its major ally and largest trading partner are engaged in a Cold War power struggle. They go on to say that solving this ‘unprecedented’ situation is Australia’s greatest foreign policy conundrum for at least the next decade.[2] However, Australia’s situation is not unique, neither in the region nor in its own history. By considering the recent positions of the major political parties this essay will examine Australian and Chinese foreign policy in relation to the importance of the Australian-Chinese relationship and whether we need to choose between China and America. Lastly, I shall recommend strategies for the Australian government to implement regarding its China policy. The overarching foreign policy aim for both the ALP and Coalition is serving Australia’s national interest, which can be broadly broken down into four main goals: maintaining the territorial integrity of Australia, including the safety and security of its society and economy; ensuring regional stability and preserving the existing regional balance of power; the sea lanes that make up the arteries of international trade remain open; and responding to new security threats.[3] Included in the last goal are terrorism, international...
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...issue of leadership and how certain traits affect the leadership ability. Cricket is always about a calm mind and violent body (this golden rule always work in each and every sphere of life). Cricket provides a wonderful insight of this fact and how leadership helps in getting this thumb rule is the core of our project. In this project we look deep into the role of a leader and how leader inspires other through words. We tried to find out how emotional intelligence shapes the leadership ability. In this project we would be focusing on this issue and will come up with some live examples. Our paper also presents a deep insight on what takes place when leaders are tested and what is the shelf-life of a leader. Key –words : CRICKET,LEADER,EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE INVENTORY CAN BE MANAGED BUT PEOPLE MUST BE LED……. H.ROSS PEROT . In the words of Stephen R.Convey, management is efficiency in climbing the ladder of success, leadership determines whether the ladder is leaning against the right wall. Leadership is a perplexing issue. Winston Churchill who was instrumental in shaping the fate of British army in world war was rejected by the people of Britain in the parliamentary election of 1946. A Great War time leader was rejected for the sake of a better peace time manager. Some leaders are considered to be great war-time leader while some...
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...The focus of UNCC100 is on the theme of the common good: how we think about what is needed in order for all people to flourish in society. UNCC300 shifts this focus from the social to the individual, although of course, we can never think about the individual without reference to the broader context of society. In this unit, we are going to consider what it means to be a human being, and more particularly, how we can understand the notion of human worth, or value. This is what we are referring to when we talk about human dignity. Activity 1 Complete some research on Rosa Parks . 1. Who was she? 2. What impact did Rosa Parks have on the US Civil Rights movement? 3. What impact do you think Rosa Parks has had on our understanding of human dignity today? 4. There have been numerous songs written about Rosa Parks. The Neville Brothers recorded “Sister Rosa” in 1989. Click the link to hear the song and follow the lyrics. http://pancocojams.blogspot.com.au/2012/01/two-songs-about-rosa-parks-lyrics.html Human dignity is probably a very familiar expression, because the concept is part of many conversations taking place in the contemporary world. At the same time, once we begin to think about it, we find that the basis of human dignity can be understood in a number of different ways. As David McCabe points out: Most discussions of important moral and political issues, along with our everyday reflections on how others should be treated, occur against a background assumption...
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...applying to an issue such as local level development, poverty, post conflict reconstructions, forced displacement.’ International social work seems to mean different things to different people in different communities, across the globe. Even the term ‘social work’ is often hard to pin down in the Western tradition. The first ‘constant’ seems to be the history of the development of social work in Britain after the Industrial Revolution and then across the western world predominantly in the United States. Second, social work as a profession arose as the result of the issues thrown up by the Industrial Revolution, such as mass movements away from rural based living, agricultural jobs reduced, with massive technological innovations commencing as far back as the development of the steam engine. Third, social work as a profession is united by its values which are social justice and a need to attend to social welfare (in the context of social wellbeing) in society. Jane Addams and her associates believed that no less than world peace and disarmament were suitable goals for social work. (Hokenstad and Midgely, 1998) So what is ‘international’ social work? The Council on Social Work Education in the United States of America in 1956 examined the question and gave the...
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...The Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Pearl Harbor was bombed on December 7, 1941. An air attack led by Commander Mitsuo Fuchida, which consisted of 183 fighters and bombers, attacked Pearl Harbor at 7:55 a.m. During the bombing many ships were destroyed, and many soldiers died. This event would bring the United States into World War II. The Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor because it was considered the height of America’s Naval supremacy. Another reason is that the Japanese knew the United States would primilary be using the navy to attack them. Since the Japanese were trying to take over China, they knew it would be a bit easier for them to do it because it would be harder for us to get to Japan and stop them if they destroyed the American Navy in Pearl Harbor. Despite how far Japan was from Pearl Harbor, it was still closer then the rest of the United States. The Japanese fleet had to sail over 4,000 miles to launch airplanes to attack Hawaii. The Japanese were able to attack Pearl Harbor because America's intelligence community failed to notice them. Some reasons why it was hard for the American intelligence community to notice the Japanese on their long naval journey, was the Japanese would only travel at night and would not use any radio communication. Any form of radio interception was impossible (Truman). The Manhattan Project started when Albert Einstein left Germany to come to the United States to escape Nazi prosecution. A month after Einstein had left Germany he...
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...2009 > hot topics 69 TOPICS HOT L e g a L i s s u e s i n p L a i n L a n g u a g e This is the sixty-ninth in the series Hot Topics: legal issues in plain language, published by the Legal Information Access Centre (LIAC). Hot Topics aims to give an accessible introduction to an area of law that is the subject of change or public debate. International law 1 overview What is international law? – difference between international law and domestic law – Why do States obey international law? – subjects of international law – How do international law and domestic law interact? 4 sources of international law Jus cogens – international conventions and treaties – Australian treaty practice – custom – general principles of law – judicial decisions and writings of publicists – ‘hard law’ and ‘soft law’. 8 states What is a State? – rights of States – self-determination – creation and recognition of new States – case studies. AUTHOR NOTE: Jane Stratton currently leads corporate social responsibility programs in a leading Sydney law firm, teaches law students at a Sydney university and independently, undertakes community development projects in Western Sydney. Her work has included legal and policy roles in the Public Interest Advocacy Centre, the Australian Human Rights Commission, UN High Commission for Refugees and the ICTY. She has experience in litigious and political advocacy. Jane holds qualifications in law (Honours)...
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