1. The earlier shoguns in the Tokugawa shogunate made a large effort to create unity in Japan. Odu Nobunage did this by not only becoming the leader in one part of Japan, but multiple. He eventually became the most powerful in Japan after a ten-year seige. They kept power by tking many measures to ensure that there woould be no rebellion. One strong example of this was making the daimyos live in Edo every other year and keeping their families hostage there in order to keep the Daimyos weak and under full power of the shogun.
2. In the mid 1500s, Europeans arrived in Japan. Some Europeans adapted to Japanese customs and lifestyles, and some Japanese adapted to European lifestyles, such as Christianity. Even those who didn't convert were impacted