... S. Department of Labor, “20 Facts on Women Workers,” 1980). How did women inherit this inferior position in the United States work place? Has it always been this way? Has their position improved since the country industrialized at the turn of the century? Do male or female workers have control over the types of jobs they get and the working conditions they find there? Though most American women have always been relegated to low-level, subservient jobs in and out of the home, many have been able to exercise varying degrees of choice in their work lives. Between 1880 and 1920 the choices available to women expanded due to the change in job definition, technology, the production pressures of World War 1, the growing militancy of women workers riding the tide of labor unrest during the war, and the increased acceptance of women in the work force. The period of 1880 to 1920 is of particular importance in our economic history because the structure of our present economic world developed at that time. Many new jobs were stereotyped by sex, while many jobs opportunities opened up for small number of women in various formerly all-male fields. Women in the Work Force Before 1880 Women’s work was diverse and endless. They looked after the cleanliness of the house, made, mended and washed the clothes, prepared meals on the open fire, preserved foods, made soap, candles, and most medicines well into the 19th century, and also helped the men in the fields at planting and...
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...Having to go back in time to women’s rights suffrage movement In the United States brings up the unfair treatment and powerless rights women had to deal with through everyday. The unfair rights and treatments had women doing everything they possibly can in order to have their voices heard, overall they stand here today fearless and courageous knowing it is always possible for change. Throughout time things have changed then how it was back in the day. Back in the 19th Century women weren’t treated or viewed the same for simply being a women. Men had more rights than women did, men weren’t judged based on their opinions or actions like women were. The unfair political, social, and economic status of women in the United States have changed throughout...
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...fully empowered, funny women we watch on screen today. Throughout the centuries these changes in comedy have occurred to allow many women to reach their full comedic potential. Changes in comedy to include funny women are ultimately tied to changes in societal views, and this paper aims to explore the journey it took to empower women in comedy, starting from the return of comedy during the Italian Renaissance. Just as in the Middle Ages, women of the Italian Renaissance were granted neither freedom nor independence. With very little exception, women were controlled by men for their entire lives, first ruled over by their parents during childhood and then sent straight into a marriage arranged by their family to a man they probably did not want to marry (“Women”). This lack of freedom encompassed many areas. Women were expected to be housewives and only housewives. They could not leave the home without a male escort and in fact could not even own a home. Women who did not marry were forced to live with a male relative or live in a convent and become a nun. Additionally, women were discouraged from contributing to the arts or sciences, which likely stunted their education during a time when the arts were flourishing. After seeing how women were regarded in society during the Renaissance, it is no surprise that they were only a very minor part of Italian comedies. The characters of women were played by men, reflecting women’s exclusion...
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...Women’s Role (1865-Present) Kimberly Burrows HIS 204 Joseph Scahill February 2, 2013 Women’s Role (1865-Present) Throughout history, women have suffered fewer rights then men and are discriminated against because of their gender. Historically, a woman’s main role was to tend to the home isolated in the domestic “bubble” and to raise their children while their husbands were away at work. In this paper, I will describe the historical significance of this issue from 1865 to the present. I will explain the historical developments that presented new opportunities for women in society. I will discuss the main individuals that were involved in these struggles. To conclude, I will analyze ways in which it contributed to an “ending of isolation” while assessing the challenges involved. Even today, women still face discrimination based on their gender. However, the role of women has changed significantly which has created a lasting and ongoing increase of women's rights. The woman’s role presents a historical significance from 1865 to today for many reasons. Prior to the Civil War, women were perceived as the weaker sex and were considered intellectually inferior to men. Their freedom was limited and they had fewer rights than men. Women were expected to marry, care for their home, cook, make clothing and raise their children. According to Manning, M. J. (2005), “Women were viewed as wives and mothers, whose economic rights were mainly to be supported by a male breadwinner and...
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...Women’s Role (1865-Present) Kimberly Burrows HIS 204 Joseph Scahill February 2, 2013 Women’s Role (1865-Present) Throughout history, women have suffered fewer rights then men and are discriminated against because of their gender. Historically, a woman’s main role was to tend to the home isolated in the domestic “bubble” and to raise their children while their husbands were away at work. In this paper, I will describe the historical significance of this issue from 1865 to the present. I will explain the historical developments that presented new opportunities for women in society. I will discuss the main individuals that were involved in these struggles. To conclude, I will analyze ways in which it contributed to an “ending of isolation” while assessing the challenges involved. Even today, women still face discrimination based on their gender. However, the role of women has changed significantly which has created a lasting and ongoing increase of women's rights. The woman’s role presents a historical significance from 1865 to today for many reasons. Prior to the Civil War, women were perceived as the weaker sex and were considered intellectually inferior to men. Their freedom was limited and they had fewer rights than men. Women were expected to marry, care for their home, cook, make clothing and raise their children. According to (Manning, 2005), “Women were viewed as wives and mothers, whose economic rights were mainly to be supported by a male breadwinner and protected...
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...Labor Unions — Are They Still Relevent Labor Unions were formed in the mid-19th century in response to the changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution. The labor unions were established to help workers with low pay, unsafe working conditions and long hours—to name a few. Their main goal was to ensure that all working people were treated justly in the work force. “Working people have a lot of concerns in this economy. They want decent pay. They want benefits. And of course they want job security. All the reasons why they need union representation” (Crane, 2012). Is that statement still true today? Do labor unions want the best for the working person or are unions another example of something good gone bad? Many people believe Labor Unions were essential in the 19th century but now with government oversight and business practices, unions are no longer required. Labor Unions Needed Agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions during the Industrial Revolution. As the revolution progressed, business moved from a mom-and-pop model to a machine-and-factory production model. Families quickly moved from the rural areas to the cities. They hoped to improve their standard of living. This meant ever member of the family had to work, regardless of sex or age. People worked for long hours for low wages, in dangerous and repetitive conditions, and with little-to-no job...
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...celebrity is uncertain, and audiences only judge them by the roles that they have taken in a tv show or films, or the photographs that they were taken or they have taken, or any articles, and rumors about celebrities. The celebrities, or fashion icon's screen personal was carefully developed by studio. It is unclear which can be “abstract”. Therefore, medias can always craft their identities by their appearance, behavior, lifestyle, and fashion style as well as the title as fashion icon whom evokes the image of fashionable woman who is an expert in fashion style with great taste, who fi rst gets to wear or predict what's new and what's next. As the economic and technology quickly grow, and develop the obsession with the celebrity make radical change. Rather...
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...Assignment Major themes of history evolve as time progresses. From the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, massive shifts occur. Regarding work, exchange, and technology; America in the World; politics and power; as well as ideas, beliefs, and culture, the evolution between the centuries have changed the significant themes throughout the United States. Work, exchange, and technology play a huge role in Americans lives throughout each century. People rarely used money; services and products were paid for mostly through trades and barters. Home and work were not separated; they were the same place. Nobody stuck to a schedule; things were done as needed. Skills were acquired through apprenticeship. An apprenticeship lasted from three to seven years. Apprentices lived with their masters during this time period, while trading knowledge for labor. However, women were not allowed to have such apprenticeships. Women gained knowledge of domestic skills through their mother, as it was assumed that the women would marry. Some women would work respectably as: servants, laundresses, seamstresses, cooks, and food vendors—or not respected as prostitutes. Men directed the lives of family members and apprentices: deciding occupations for sons, marriages for daughters, etc. Women (the wives) were responsible for: food, clothing, child rearing and Gonzalez 2 tending to apprentices, yet still subject to man’s direction...
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...How Sports Evolved Recreation Programming Professor Newton 05/10/2013 Whether you have engage in sports in your leisure time, watch as a spectator or played on a professional level sports are major source of entertainment in the world. The earliest historical account of sports date all the way backs to BC time. A sport is defined as an activity involving physical or mental exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another. The ten most popular sports in the world are Football/ Soccer, cricket, tennis, hockey, baseball, table tennis, volleyball, rugby, and golf. In the United States motor sports, pro- wrestling, and martial arts are also popular. Sports are usually governed by rules and regulations to ensure fair competition and ensure the adjudication of a winner though fairness was not always a common practice especially in the ancient world. The history of sport can teach us about the social changes with society. In ancient times it was not uncommon for humans to die during sport events. For at least seven hundred years entire villages participated in violent combat sports such as fencing and jousting. The Romans were especially known for this with the gladiatorial games and chariot racing. These types of sports would almost always leave an opponent seriously or fatally injured. In ancient Greece most sports took place during the funeral games during the Mycenaean period. Such games have been described in Greek mythology like the Iliad and Odyssey...
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...Sociology & Family Theorizing and Researching 1. Structural Theories a) Materialism & Conflict theory Marx & Engles -changes in family lives reflect material change (ex, the mode of production, industrialization) macro-micro focus -power differences characterize society at all levels (ex, capitalism creates: exploitation of men in the workforce; oppression of women b) Political Economy -assumes the power of the one class over another (social control), capitalist relations of production -a more concentrated focus on how economic and political processes shape society and history and therefore family, families c) Structural Functionalism Parsons & Bales -the social institution of the family - family is seen as a function, and different parts of society helps it move along -the nuclear family performs functions -they saw the families as a main faction, economic support, these functions that happen in nuclear families include economic support -equilibrium, all parts help it work as a whole -hierarchical generations and role specialization within families produces harmony -the different roles that men and women take on, allows the family be a harmony -parsons and bales, gendered perspective on families, families having instrumental roles such as achieving income, feed the family, cloth the family, this would be men 2. Symbolic Interactionism Mead & Cooley - individuals create their own family realities through micro level interactions -from...
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...started into three major processes: Revolution, (and nationalism) Industrialization Imperialism Lastly the Rise of the “nation-state” Age of Enlightenment (1650-1780’s) There were plenty of forward thinkers. Each was moving toward science as the new way of thinking. They used the application of universal laws of the natural world to social world. They valued ration over revelation. The government was as a contract. The ideas of Freedom, equality and sovereignty were held as the highest. The belief was to move forward in progress. French Revolution (1789-1799) The aim was to abolish the monarchy that was in france, it ultimately failed. It was far more radical than the American, but still failed. Mostly because they had no idea how to run a government. Whereas the Americans had some knowledge about their own rule. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) Declared himself emperor and attempted to bring political stability to post-revolutionary france. He was however forced to abdicate the throne and exiled to Elba. He then escaped and ruled again for another 100 days, he was defeated by the british at waterloo, and exiled to St. Helena. Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) Most successful slave revolt in history. There were 3 sides to the revolut. White colonialists, Creoles and the slave...
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...Thomas Frank author of “Commodify Your Dissent” says, constantly redefine the product that they are trying to advertise. Camel cigarettes are no different. The corporation that is Camel proves Frank’s point that, “the countercultural idea has become capitalist orthodoxy, its hunger for transgression upon transgression now perfectly suited to an economical-cultural regime that runs on ever-faster cyclings of the new” (165). It is no longer an issue of how well an advertisement can influence its consumers. Where the greater challenge lies is, if that corporation can continually give its audience what it desires. It is a whole new world, and corporations must constantly modify their approaches on their products to be successful. Not only must they modify their products, but they must also create ads that will make their product memorable to the consumer or they will inevitably fail and become a part of marketing history. Camel cigarettes are a long-standing brand that has been around for almost a century. Throughout the 20th Century, Camel periodically adjusted their advertising methodology. Especially in the 1980s, Camel advertisements were predominantly filled with white males who were middle-aged with blonde hair and a mustache and who were the focal points of the ads. The mustache particularly personified masculinity, ruggedness, and what a ‘man’ should have. Their slogan during that time was, “It’s a Whole New World”. Surprisingly, in this ‘world’, there seemed to be very few...
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...The Victorian period, the years between 1837 and 1901 and named after the great Queen Victoria, was a time of great change. The population of England represented various classes, occupations, and ways of life. The transportation of the period served as the forerunner of much of the transportation used today and the advances in medicine were also instrumental in changing the face of medicine forever. One of the most important things to know in Victorian society was good etiquette. Both men and women had their own set of rules of etiquette. There was a rule of etiquette for almost everything you did in a day. For women, there were rules about what kind of jewelry one should wear as well as when and where. Who to walk with, who to dance with, how and when to speak to a stranger, were all very critical knowledge. For men, there were rules about bowing, hat tipping, chaperonage, where to sit and next to whom, even about the circumstances in which it was correct or not to smoke or drink in front of ladies. There was also a correct title for almost every type of profession, social standing and rank. One of the major events in upper class society was the dance. Dances were usually scheduled to correspond with the full moon. Even most great houses did not have very large ballrooms. As a consequence, most balls were held outdoors. Most dances started around eight o'clock or so and the light of the full moon allowed less lighting to have to be put up. The practice was often to have the...
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...from American beauty pageants for it is in beauty pageants that the epitome of a Filipino is being showcased around the world. With that in the mind, this research also hopes to discover and unravel the purposes behind the staging of beauty pageants in both American and Philippine society. Background of the Study The researcher, who is not a stranger in the world of beauty contests in her school, has been asked by a judge on what she thinks is the purpose of beauty pageants in the society and whether its purpose is still prevalent. Intrigued, the researcher decided to do a research on beauty pageants. The TLC TV series Toddlers and Tiaras where girls as young as two wear skimpy clothing and heavy make-up just to win the pageant’s crown drove the researcher to gather more information and details of how American beauty pageants work, especially that the Philippines is highly influenced by the American culture. Disappointed with the controversies swirling today’s different American pageants, and since the...
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...a moment to adjust her scarf before she entered the meeting. It was January of 2010 and she and her colleagues were about to review the first retail sales results following a major strategic initiative to reposition and evolve the EILEEN FISHER brand. 2009 marked the 25th anniversary of EILEEN FISHER and the occasion gave the company the impetus to pause and assess its history. The company had enjoyed phenomenal success in its first quarter century: its growth in revenues and profits had been driven by both the strong brand loyalty of its core customers, and the opening of fifty retail stores dedicated to the brand. The company was consistently recognized as one of the best companies to work for and had an impressive environmental sustainability and social responsibility record. However, a startling discovery had emerged. The median customer age was currently at 59 and increasing each year, keeping pace with the age of the company’s visionary founder, Eileen Fisher. Despite the company’s best efforts to design age-less clothing to appeal to multiple generations, as Fisher herself aged, so too had the customer base. The company found itself stereotyped as a brand for older, and, to some extent, customers with larger body types. Old worried that the brand could eventually become extinct if actions weren’t taken to attract a new generation to the brand. The company embarked on a strategic project to develop a new brand expression that would set the foundation for the...
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