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How Do Brain Work?

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Nama : Made Adeline Saraswati Kirana
NIM : 03420100084

CARA KERJA OTAK
DAN
BAGAIMANA MENJADI PINTAR

Pernahkan anda bertanya bagaimana cara kerja otak? Bagaimana otak menyesuaikan dengan keadaan sekitar? Bagaimana para atlit melakukan gerakan akrobatik? Dan bagaimana seorang anak pemalas meningkatkan tingkat konsentrasinya terhadap buku dan pelajaran? Kita akan belajar bagaimana otak bekerja dan cara menggunakannya. Pertama mari kita lihat seorang ibu rumah tangga yang bernama Allison. Dia menikah pada umur 20 tahun dan dikaruniai tiga anak. Menurutnya saat paling berkesan dalam hidupnya adalah saat melahirkan. Oleh karena itu, di usianya yang 40 tahun, dia kembali ke bangku kuliah dan belajar menjadi bidan. Ia pun berhasil karena keinginannya menjadi bagian dari saat terpenting tiap wanita yaitu melahirkan. Saat kita belajar hal baru, otak kita akan mengirim sinyal yang harus melompati sebuah celah yang disebut celah sinaps. Pertama kali sinyal otak melakukan lompatan, akan terasa sangat sulit. Tetapi yang kedua kalinya akan lebih mudah dari yang pertama, dan begitu seterusnya. Perumpamaanya seperti saat kita menyeberang jurang. Inilah yang dilakukan Allison, dia terus mecoba dan berlatih menjadi bidan yang baik. Elliot adalah seorang anak yang tidak memiliki ketertarikan terhadap pelajaran dan tingkat konsentrasinya rendah. Dia lebih memilih menonton tv seharian dan tidak pernah belajar. Kemudian Elliot terpilih dalam uji coba riset yang dilakukan oleh Oxford University. Setiap hari Elliot dan anak lain yang terpilih meminum 6 pil omega 3. Dalam dua hingga tiga bulan kemudian terlihat perbedaannya. Elliot kini lebih suka membaca di perpustakaan dan meninggalkan rutinitas menonton tv. Tingkat konsentrasinya juga meningkat. Apa penyebabnya? Ini karena omega 3 yang terdapat pada ikan salmon dimana zat ini mempermudah sinyal otak melompati celah sinaps. Saat kita melihat atlit melakukan gerakan akrobatik yang rumit, kita pasti bertanya bagaimana dia melakukannya? Bagaimana dia mengingat gerakan yang begitu sulit? Rahasianya adalah dengan visualisasi. Rebecca, seorang atlit yang sedang belajar melakukan gerakan baru agar bisa menang olimpiade, menggunakan teknik ini. Dia membayangkan dirinya melakukan gerakan baru ini berulang-ulang dan kemudian otak akan mengirim sinyal kepada otot, lalu otot memproses perintah tersebut sehingga Rebecca berhasil melakukan gerakan baru yg sulit itu. Andi Bell, seorang juara memori 2002, berhasil mengembangkan teknik mengingat. Ia dapat mengingat susunan 520 kartu dalam 20 menit. Rahasianya, dia mengingat kartu tersebut sebagai gambar. Misalnya dua sekop sebagai anjing, as hati sebagai nanas, dan sebagainya. Otak kita juga dapat mengingat suatu hal tanpa kita sadari. Contohnya Andy, seorang pemadam kebakaran. Saat memadamkan api di sebuah daerah perumahan, Andy tiba-tiba merasa tidak tenang dan menyuruh seluruh awak pemadamnya keluar dari rumah yang hampir berhasil mereka padamkan apinya. Beberapa saat setelah mereka keluar, api meledak begitu hebat, meruntuhkan seluruh bangunan. Andy tanpa sadar merasakan akan terjadi backdraft, ledakan hebat yang terjadi saat api kehabisan oksigen. Andy membandingkannya dengan kebakaran lain yang pernah ditanganinya. Saat itu api bewarna sangat oranye dan hampir tidak bersuara. Saat membandingkan, otak Andy mengirim peringatan dan menimbulkan perasaan tak tenang. Inilah intuisi. Selain itu ada juga pemikiran orisinil. Pemikiran orisinil biasanya kita dapatkan saat kita merasa santai. Contohnya Isaac Newton menemukan teori gravitasi di sebuah kebun apel. Kita juga dapat mencobanya dengan menciptakan suasana santai, seperti pergi ke pedesaan atau berlibur. Sekian teori-teori tentang cara kerja otak, harap berguna dan dapat kita manfaatkan semaksimal mungkin.

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