...Orleans. The Category 5 hurricane terrorizing all cities and states on its war path of destruction; Katrina is what they call her and her storm surge reached 20 feet high. 1,836 was the final death toll that Hurricane Katrina caused and her affects were impacted over approximately 90,000 square miles. 80% of New Orleans was underwater and some places were up to 20 feet under. (11 Facts About Hurricane Katrina) This destruction is unimaginable to most of us but for those that experienced it, it is something they never want to experience again. Along Katrina’s route of destruction, tornados were developed wreaking havoc in other states. In this paper I will discuss, in depth, hurricanes and tornados and the destruction they cause to our nation. The word hurricane was derived from the Spanish word “huracan” this word originated from a Mayan storm god. The word hurricane was used in the West Indies where they described any tropical cyclone. (Hurricane: What is a Hurricane?) The accurate definition of a hurricane is a “tropical cyclone with sustained winds that have reached speeds of 74 mph or higher” the storms are labeled as hurricanes when they gain their strength over days and weeks time. (Hurricane: What is a Hurricane?) Storms developing over the Atlantic Ocean or eastern Pacific Ocean are coined hurricanes. Regardless the name, all tropical cyclones develop the same way. These storms use warm, moist air as their fuel over the ocean and causes areas of lower air pressure...
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...Hurricanes versus Tornadoes Hurricanes and tornadoes are considered to be natural storms that develop do to the atmosphere change, however, each type of storm is a disaster and devastation claiming many lives among family and friends each year. One storm comes from in the water, the second type is from the air. Aside from where they come from, each type of storm is devastation to several individuals from enormous amounts of damage each can cause to someone’s lifestyle or homestead. Knowing the differences and similarities of both need to be understood better among everyone. Determining factors whether a severe storm is either a hurricane or tornado include their types of formulation, types of severe weather they create, and types of damage. A difference among a hurricane or tornado would be where and how their formulation develops. Hurricanes are one severe storm that forms over water. Meaning, hurricanes are formed off seas. In order for a hurricane to form, the temperature of the water must be warm in order for a storm to formulate. Whereas, a tornado is another severe storm that the formulation is completely different. Tornadoes are formulated over land. Tornadoes develope, by connection of high and low pressure systems. Therefore, with saying high and low pressure connecting, for example would be, warm air coming from the West and the cold air coming from the East would be connecting. Thus, hurricanes and tornadoes have different ways...
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...Hurricanes are low pressure weather systems that are formed in the tropics. But what else do we know about hurricanes? What makes a hurricane? How are they categorized? What makes a storm a hurricane? Hurricanes, named for “Huracan”, the god of evil. Hurricanes are very dangerous storms that are capable of causing mass destruction. The ocean’s warm waters are the fuel the hurricane needs to develop and strengthen (temperatures of about 80 degrees F. or 26 degrees C.) If ocean water cools, the storm will fizzle out and die. Hurricanes usually form 300 miles from the equator, the troposphere need to be moist. Hurricanes generate energy. Heat is given off by the condensation of the water vapors; this in turn creates an area of low pressure. Air moves from high to low pressure, this low pressure center becomes the calm or the eye of the storm. The eye of the storm is surrounded by a wall cloud and this produces the storm’s strongest wind and very heavy rain. With wind speeds at 38 miles per hour, it’s called a tropical depression. As it strengthens and wind gust reaches 39 to 73 miles per hour it has now become a tropical storm, and at this point it is given a name. With wind gust over 74 miles per hour it is now a hurricane. Hurricanes are categorized by numbers on a scale called a Saffir-Simpson scale. Category One- winds of up to 74 to 95 miles an hour, minimal damage. Category Two- winds of 96 to 110 miles per hour...
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...According to ("Hurricane | Definition of Hurricane by Merriam-Webster") the main idea about this subject is how hurricanes are made. It is a cyclone with winds up to 74 miles per hour. They are usually combined by rain and water and are very dangerous. It mostly occurs in the western atlantic, it is a very big thing. In conclusion merriam webster says that the hurricanes have really big winds and width. They can be really dangerous.. Another idea by ("What Are Hurricanes? | NASA") is hurricanes can have really high winds. Category 1: Winds 119-153 km/hr (74-95 mph). Category 2: Winds 154-177 km/hr (96-110 mph). Category 3: Winds 178-208 km/hr (111-129 mph). Category 4: Winds 209-251 km/hr (130-156 mph). Category 5: Winds 252 km/hr...
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...Hurricanes, A Natural Disaster! COM/215 May 3, 2011 Hurricanes, A Natural Disaster! According to Dictionary.com (2011) a hurricane is “A storm with a violent wind, in particular a tropical cyclone…a wind of force 12 on the Beaufort scale (equal to or exceeding 64 knots or 74mph). As I read through the National Hurricane Center website by NOAA, our National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration it shares with us what a hurricane is, and how it reaches hurricane status. A hurricane is a type of tropical cyclone, which is generic term for a low pressure system that generally forms in the tropics. The cyclone is accompanied by thunderstorms and, the Northern Hemisphere, a counterclockwise circulation of winds near the earth’s surface. Much like the trim levels of a vehicle, Hurricanes have a similar ranking. Starting off with a system of clouds, thunderstorms, and maximum wind speeds of 38 mph, the system becomes organized and categorized as a Tropical Depression. A step above that brings you into the category of a Tropical Storm where you will find: stronger winds speeds from 39 mph to a max of 73 mph, stronger thunderstorms, and a defined surface with an eye. Finally starting at 74 mph the storm becomes classified as a Category I Hurricane. Once the system reaches its Hurricane status, there are five categories. |Category |Wind Speeds (from xxx mph up to xxx mph) | ...
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...Hurricane Katrina: What It Was and the Aftermath Hurricanes, also known as tropical cyclones, are some of the deadliest and costliest natural disasters that affect the United States. They are severe tropical storms that form along the southern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and in the eastern Pacific Ocean. After the hit, they trigger thunderstorms within an area. Within the Northern Hemisphere, they have winds that go counterclockwise near earth’s surface. Hurricanes occur most frequently within the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts. Typical hurricane season for the Atlantic coast is between June to November. However, the deadliest months are between August to October. Whereas, the Eastern Pacific season starts in May and...
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... The Role of Resources in Strategic Management During strategic planning, upper level management and boards of directors look to the future of their organizations. They plan for spending on new assets. They look for the best courses of action to find and procure the best inputs for the cheapest price in order to make the most profit. They look to their employees for continuity and also how to replace employees as they leave. These upper level managers need to account for weather and its affects. The key questions that need to be asked are: • What is the product I am selling? • Where is my market: • What are the inputs I need to create my product? • How will I move my product to market or to my customers? • How many employees do I need to produce my products? • What are the skill sets I need in my employees? • How do I expand my market base? The additional questions that need to be asked are: • What will cause disruptions and where of my product? • Will weather patterns affect my resources? • Will a storm affect transportation of my resources needed? • Will a storm affect transportation of my finished product to market? • Will...
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...Hurricane Wilma November 24, 2015 Geology 1401 Introducion: Cyclones, Hurricanes, and Typhoons, these cyclonic storms are known by many names but are all born from the same mechanism: low pressure systems. Also known as depressions. Thankfully, most hurricanes form only during hurricane season, which is from June 1st to November 30th. Within this season about 85 percent of the most intense hurricanes and 60 percent of minor Atlantic tropical storms and hurricanes originate from African easterly waves (NOAA Cyclone Report). These waves, which have a wavelength of 2000 to 2500 kilo-meters, originate close to or from the highlands of Ethiopia, Africa. Not all easterly waves become hurricanes, but the ones that do travel through Africa thousands of miles in the direction of the Atlantic Ocean. On the way to the Atlantic Ocean these waves transform into a cluster of thunder storms. Once these clusters reach the Atlantic Ocean, the warm humid air from the sea allows them to expand while also escalating their intensity. Due to wind direction and the Coriolis Effect the thunder storm begins to rotate along its centre, forming a tropical depression. As the circular rotations of a tropical depression become progressively more organized, they form a tropical storm. By this point, the heat of the ocean only serves to intensify the power of a tropical storm. The moment winds within reach 119 kilo-meters per hour or more, is the storm then defined as a hurricane....
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...Structures (Chapter 6) * Know the definition of an earthquake (pg. 190). * Know the difference between the focus and epicenter of an earthquake. Which is located at the source of the earthquake? Which is located on the surface of the earth directly above the source? * Understand the concept of elastic rebound. What is it? How are earthquakes produced via elastic rebound? * Know the three basic types of seismic waves * Body waves - P waves (push/pull-- motion parallel - travel through solids/liquids/gas) * Body waves - S waves ("shake" -- motion perpendicular - travel through solids -- slower velocity than P waves) * surface waves (complex motion -- causes greatest destruction -- * ). What is the particle motion in each type of wave (e.g., particles move parallel to the direction of travel in P waves)? Which type of wave travels the fastest? Which type of wave is the slowest? Which type of wave arrives first at a seismic station? Which type of wave is the last to arrive at a seismic station? Which type of wave causes the most damage? Know which mediums each type of wave will move through (e.g., S waves will only move through solids). * Know the difference between a magnitude scale and an intensity scale. - Intensity: measure of the degree of earthquake shaking at a given locale based on the amount of damage - Magnitude - estimates the amount of energy released at the source of earthquake - What is the most popular magnitude scale used today...
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...counter greenhouse gas production during photosynthesis, by taking in carbon dioxide as waste material and producing oxygen, which of course we all need to survive. Scientists predict that the daily addition of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, combined with daily removal of large portions of the world’s forests, will raise the earth’s average temperature by several degrees in the next century. This in turn will raise the level of the sea and potentially create significant changes in weather patterns on a global scale. As we move into the future, many climatologists expect that most of the United States will warm. What we do not know yet is how to scientifically predict which parts of the nation will become wetter or drier. We do know there is likely to be an overall trend toward increased precipitation and evaporation, and more intense weather systems, in the form of violent rainstorms, blizzards and sun-baked, drier soils. The Facts—What Do We Already Know About Changing Global Conditions (Global Warming)? Global temperatures are rising. Observations collected over the last century suggest that the average land surface temperature has risen 0.45-0.6°C (0.8-1.0°F) in the last century. Precipitation has increased by about 1 percent over the world's continents in the last century, with more rain in high latitudes and less rain in many tropical areas. Sea levels have risen approximately 15-20 cm (6-8 inches) worldwide in the last century, due to melting mountain glaciers...
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...Tornadoes David Griswold April 20, 2014 Natural Disasters ES117-01-77 DR. Brazell Tornadoes A tornado is one of the few natural disasters that have taken place in the Midwest, but its effects can cause devastation that can be felt worldwide. Tornadoes destroy entire towns. In some cases they will level an entire block, but leave one house standing almost untouched. Their paths can be unpredictable, and cost of the destruction almost immeasurable. A major natural disaster such as this could wipe out people’s way of life and a food supply that helps to feed the world. In many cases flooding accompanies tornadoes. These super cell storms can drop several inches of water in a very short time. Tornadoes can also destroy water towers leaving communities without drinkable water, knock over power lines leaving communities in the dark and tear open gas lines creating a very high risk of fires and explosions. Tornadoes have been somewhat sensationalized in media. There have been books written about tornado events such as The Night of the Twisters by Ivy Ruckman, the story of her cousin’s families bout with the June 3, 1980 Grand Island, Nebraska tornadoes, to movies such as the made for TV movie of the same name and The Wizard of Oz, not to mention the Blockbuster Twister. Although these movies are entertaining, they are far from accurate. “A storm chasers dream come true is to get close enough to a mile-wide tornado to shoot unique video of nature's extreme fury. Maybe even take some...
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...The effects of global warming on the environment and human life are numerous and varied. Scenarios studied by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predict that global warming will continue and get worse much faster than was expected even in their last report. Research by NOAA indicate that the effects of global warming are already irreversible. The IPCC reports attribute many specific natural phenomena to human causes. The expected long range effects of recent climate change may already be observed. Rising sea levels, glacier retreat, Arctic shrinkage, and altered patterns of agriculture are cited as direct consequences of human activities. Predictions for secondary and regional effects include extreme weather events, an expansion of tropical diseases, changes in the timing of seasonal patterns in ecosystems, and drastic economic impact. Concerns have led to political activism advocating proposals to mitigate, or adapt to it. Geoengineering is a further potential response, which could potentially reverse some effects that may otherwise be irreversible. It is notable that many of the effects of global warming are non-linear in nature, with potential for dramatic positive feedback effects. This means that the climate may enter a critical state where small changes can trigger runaway or abrupt climate change. Geoengineering has been suggested as a means of interrupting or reversing these effects. A notable example of a 'runaway' effect is the release of methane...
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...for some time before cooling again. Some wonder if the global warming effect is actually good for the planet and the statement that it’s solely caused by humans is surrounded by much controversy. The warming that earth has experienced is not global warming, it’s due to cycle on which the earth receives stronger radiant heat waves. The common term used when talking about Global Warming is greenhouse gasses. Greenhouse gasses are the portions of carbon dioxide, methane gas and water vapor that get trapped inside earth’s atmosphere while the rest is released into space, known as the Greenhouse Effect. When the term global warming is tossed around, numerous people attribute the cause of it to humans and that it only has a negative effect. The misunderstanding and limited knowledge that some people have can cause them to become biased on a subject, such as global warming, Lane 2 without being presented both sides of the argument. Without the greenhouse effect the earth would not be able to stay at a reasonable temperature to allow life to survive. “Earth would end up feeling like Mars” (Scott). So all the people that say the greenhouse effect is only...
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...Analysis………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6 Destructive power of Comets & Asteroids Results of an impact on Earth Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 Is enough being done to protect humanity? Different methods and theories being explored Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….12 Photos of impact crates, and techniques to deflect incoming objects Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..15 Brief History Natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornados, earthquakes, and tsunamis wreak havoc on humans caught in their path, but the destruction in often centrally localized. On August 28, 2005, Hurricane Katrina unleashed her destructive force on the Southern Coast of the United States, affecting several States to included; Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. The reported death toll was more than 1,800 people and destruction of property surpassed $81 billion dollars. On December 26, 2004, an earthquake below the Indian Ocean triggered a Tsunami which claimed the lives of approximately 230,000 people in eleven countries. Waves of 30 meters (100 feet) high crashed into coastal communities, making the 2004 tsunami one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. However, there lurks an even greater threat, one which cannot be seen by the naked eye from the surface of our planet, but could possibly destroy all biological life as we know it. June 30, 1908...
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...Chapter 7: Statutory Authority Chapter Outline 1. Introduction of topics and concepts to be discussed in the chapter. a. Legal basis of modern emergency management in the United States. b. Budget authority. c. Program eligibility. d. Roles and responsibilities. 2. Case Studies a. The National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP): Legislation to Address a Particular Hazard b. The Homeland Security Act of 2002: A New Emergency Management c. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000: A Shift to Pre-Disaster Mitigation 3. Additional Sources of Information 4. Glossary of Terms 5. Acronyms 6. Discussion Questions a. General b. NEHRP c. Homeland Security Act of 2002 d. DMA 2000 7. Suggested Out of Class Exercises Introduction No emergency management system anywhere in the world can properly function without statutory authority and consistent budget appropriations. Statutory authority defines disasters programs, determines who is eligible for these programs, provides the legal support needed to implement disaster programs and establishes the legal foundation for funding the programs and activities of the disaster agency. Without such authority, a government agency is powerless. Legal Basis of Modern Emergency Management in the United States The first recorded emergency management legislation in the United States occurred in 1803 when a Congressional Act was passed to provide financial...
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