...Many government officials would also accept bribes from businesses which would only make the rich get richer and allowed political machines to run the government. All progressives shared a common view which was that government at every level must be actively involved. They thought that the existing constitutional system was outdated and needed to be reformed. Progressives wanted the government to be more democratic in which they would make it possible for there to be direct elections of senators and an open primary. With a direct democracy, citizens could now empower popular majorities and give them a greater voice in state government. Progressives also were in favor of ballot initiative and the referendum which put constitutional amendments before voters. By taking down political machines who were placed in office, there would now be elected, non-corrupt, representatives that citizens could vote for to be in power. These representatives would actually help the people rather than having the political machines in power that only did what was right for the rich and themselves. During the Progressive era, the people of the country needed those in office who would be beneficial for the growing middle-class, and that would help the impoverished, being mostly the new influx of immigrants who were trying to adjust to their new American life. President Theodore Roosevelt, was the first Progressive Presidents to stand with the working class and do everything in his power...
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...riGild- to cover boring base metal with a nice precious metal “gilded age” credited to mark twain The great leap forward- the prosperous economic times @ end of gilded age. The great leap forward was mainly concentrated in the north. The main cause of the GLF was the industrialization Throughout the gilded age the north accounted for 80precent of the industrial advancements. Until the 1800’s the only 2 components of the American economy was agriculture and overseas commerce. Then during the war of 1812 that began to change. The north started to do more manufacturing. 3 industries at the core of GLF steel industry railroad industry coal industry steel industry- over 400 steel companies. But only produced 200,000 tons of steel In 1900 – fewer than 80 steel companies But they produce 10million tons of steel Railroad industry – customers of steel coal and timber industry Government realized that railroad was so important So they gave it a lot of land. Coal Industry – Saudi Arabia of coal More here than anyone in the world. The Working People of The Gilded Age. Category A workers – white collar people. Had higher status Doctors Lawyers Ministers Journalists Needed higher education. **category A&B =Middle Class Category B workers – Skilled workers Worked with hands Did not dress nicely to work Got paid very well due to their skills Sometimes more than category A’s Carpenters Plumbers ...
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...United Nation’s Global Compact. We determined to explore this topic area after realizing a paradox: while the United Nations has recognized the phenomenon of corruption as “one of the world’s greatest challenges”, the sole UN principle that addresses this issue is under-developed and is the least among the four focus areas of the Compact (as compared to human rights, labour, and environment). Furthermore, there are even less initiatives undertaken by the UN that specifically address the prevention of corruption in emerging markets, both in business and government sectors. We begin by providing a literature review of past research in our topic area, followed by a theoretical analysis of the causes of corruption in emerging markets. As part of this theory, we have identified five variables that are our focus: level of poverty, cultural boundaries and differences, access to education, amount of extortion and bribery in government and business, and level of transparency and accountability. Using these variables, we arrive at new conclusions and then provide a discussion on their implications for international managers. Throughout the paper, we also explore the magnitude of the effects that have resulted from the addition of Principle 10 to the Global Compact. Introduction A wide variety of research on corruption has been done over the past century: from studies on its effect on democratic voting procedures (e.g. Peters and Welch, 1980) to its consequences for small business...
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...corruption. In Pakistan, the corruption is deep rooted and has many dimensions. There are several causes and remedies for the public policy makers to root out corruption in Pakistan. Key Words: Corruption, Economic rent, Developmental obstacle. Social evil, Remedies Introduction Corruption is a universal curse around the world and exists in all the countries as a common phenomenon, both in developing or poorer countries and developed countries. The difference is only of the degrees of corruption. In the last five years, leading politicians in U.K., Belgium, France, Spain and Italy have been convicted of corruption and in fact, the entire European Commission resigned because of it. U-Myint (2000); World Bank (2001); Law Commission of Government of India (2001); Anupam Das et al (2011) have traced that concept of corruption has roots in the ancient world and although its form may have shifted through the centuries, it is still alive and rampant in the modern age especially, in the developing world. U-Myint (2000) asserted that corruption...
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...Why do we elect bad leaders? Have you ever wondered or asked yourself why politics had always been a dirty word? Why in our country, our government comes with the word “corruption”, “broken promises”, and other more anomalies? The reason is that because we keep on electing for bad leaders whom leads into another cycle of no-change and a failing administration pulling down our country’s economy into rut. However, even with these obvious facts, what is the cause of us Filipinos to keep on voting and trusting our leadership with these kinds of leaders? First point to ponder, “it is immediately evident that in the premium we place on the personal popularity of candidates rather than on their capacity to articulate and defend a national plan.” PDI says that we elect bad leaders because in time of elections, we choose to vote the kind of people who are well known and very popular even though we are not aware if they are really ready to serve and make a change in our government system. Instead of selecting persons who are very much deserving of leading the people and persons who are capable of making or implementing bills that we opt for, public offices are now being the monopoly of action stars, super stars, pop idols or generally celebrities. Second idea of the author upon answering the question of about why Filipinos keep on electing unworthy leaders is “those who know better and should be criticizing the system, often become its cynical operators.” I also agree with the PDI about...
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...party authorized by the University for the purpose of detecting plagiarism. Name : Poppy Puspita Rini Student Register Number : 1006718624 Depok, June 11 2013 Poppy Puspita Rini Introduction Corruption in Indonesia is widespread and costly. Recently, corruption cases become a major on-going economics development sector issue. Indonesia’s Corruption Eradication Commission (Indonesian: Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi) (abbreviated KPK) shows there has been a sharp increase in all enforcement activity, relating to the sector. Political organizations in economic sector continue to face significant corruption risks. How far the current corruption and bribery case in Indonesia’s economic development? • Corruption and bribery historical trends across Indonesia • The underlying reason and effects of corruption and bribery on the development results • Strenuous solutions taken to overcome corruption and bribery • Conclusion: the future of corruption and bribery Cross-country studies in investigating the causes of corruption in Indonesia have identified several...
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...The animated music video of Flobots’ “Handlebars” aides in conveying the repercussions of congenital greed and corruption that are intertwined into the songs lyrics. The song and video focus on the freedom and ability to do and create. Such creations are the representation of moral ideals of the creator— of the diplomatic tier from which they originate. This intense nationalism is seen in many historical, American documents, such as Patrick Henry’s “Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death,” Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence, and J. F. K. ’s “Inaugural Address.” The band goes further to display how a country that once fought for their freedom can fall victim to the very injustices it once fought to protect against. As Flobots’ “Handlebars” exemplifies, the very power and leadership of the political-economic figures allowed for the birth of such a beautiful nation, but that power can also be the tool of autocracy. Should such power be abused it is then in the hands of the represented people to correct the wrong doings that offset the course of their society. The Birth of a Nation is no easy feat, but it stands as a symbol of hope to the American people. The use of lyrical and visual imagery such as the dove and the two men at the beginning of the video displays a world free from the treacheries of corruption. The man that represents the lower classes of society says that “[he] can tie a knot in a cherry stem, [He] can tell you about Leif Erickson, [He] knows all the words...
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...economic system. Capitalism does seem to fit the American way of life and even some aspects of human nature as we are generally competitive and compelled to have freedom of choice. However there is another aspect to human nature that drives us towards more collectivist ideals and it is found in our compassion, caring for others, unity and social solidarity. When exploring these issues the most important problems seem to occur at the extremities of the spectrum and in similar ways. Capitalism has allowed people to gain absurd amounts of wealth, often through corruption and deceit, and that wealth gives them unimaginable power while socialism tends to be corrupt and oppressive. This leads us to the obvious deduction that no system is perfect, whether it is a public or private health care system, a capitalist market or a democratic government, some might seem foolproof in theory but all have their flaws in practice, probably due to the volatility of human nature. We will argue that, in many ways, health care is a right, with the optimal yet not perfect system being public and equitable while serving everybody’s medical necessities at a reasonable and affordable price. There are quite a few horror stories heard about the Canadian public health care system involving lack of personnel, equipment, funding and waiting...
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...freedom to choose, while others depend on their government to act in their best interest. Depending on what country you call home, you either participant in a free market economy, a controlled economy, or a mixture of both. In this report we are going to look at what creates each type of economy and where we can find examples of each within the world. First we are going to analysis the characteristic of a Free Market Economy. In a free market, the government’s role is to “make sure that the market is stable enough to, properly, conduct business” (Freidman). In purity, the system hopes to “eliminate subsidies for industries, the pre determination of prices, and the amount of regulation controlling certain industry sectors”(Freidman). The implementation of a free market introduced individual property rights, which allows citizens to voluntarily exchange property/resources at a price arranged solely by the mutual consent of the buyer and seller. The seller is free to choose if the price being offered is worth their property; without threat of physical force, fraud, or coercion by a third party. It is for this reason that in a Market Economy, Capitalism prevails. The driving force behind a capitalist market is the entrepreneurs desire to turn a profit. Another major characteristic of a free market is free competition. This basic rule of a fee market states that people are free to compete without interference from the government...
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...major cause and reason for poverty around the globe is corruption. Unfortunately corruption occurs at all levels of every society, from national to local governments, judiciary functions, civil society military, small and large businesses and other services and so on (www.globalissues.org). The poorest countries are mostly affected by corruption despite it being in almost all nations. Political development is undermined by corruption since all aspects of society are somewhat affected (www.globalissues.org). It is not fundamentally useful to make collective differences between corruptions in several parts of the globe. In the end it all comes down to the same thing the abuse or use of public office and resources for private gain. However, corruption can be split into grand corruption, petty corruption and looting (unpan1.un.org). Petty corruption is a situation where small gifts and small amounts of money change hands. The parties involved are relatively minor officials within an organization where the transaction took place. An example is paying a policeman a dollar to look the other way after doing a minor infraction (unpan1.un.org). Grand corruption is a situation whereby a businessman and a senior ranking government official, and the figures exchanging hand are significant. A good example is the kickback received after government tenders or contracts are awarded. Looting is the third type of corruption. It has recently been described as large scale economic delinquency by some...
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...The concept state has been explained or received numerous definitions based on the understanding of some political scholars as well as the definition giving to it by any other academic discipline base on how they understand it. Their definitions seek to distinguish the concept state from nation and how it elaborate on its similarities and differences. According to Max Weber, a state is the organisation that maintains a monopoly of violence over a territory. Also, Dr. Bossman defines the state as a clearly defined area with its own government that exercises authority over its population. Moreover Patrick O’Neil, explains a state as an institution that seek to yield the majority of force within a territory, establishing order and deterring challenges from inside and out. Generally, a state may be defined as a geographically well-defined area with a boundary, territory and a government with power to exercise authority over its members called citizens. On the other hand, the word nation is defined from the Latin word natus which means birth. The word nation can also mean a group that a person is born into and have linkage [ethnos] or ethnicity. According to Thomas Magstadt and Peter Scihotten, the term nation refers to people who share a common value including any or all of following; geographical location, history, racial and ethnic characteristics, religion, language, culture and beliefs and common political ideas. According to Ernest Baker, a nation is a body...
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...four-pronged approach to guide the Bank's anti-corruption activities: • Preventing fraud and corruption in Bank-financed projects • Helping countries requesting Bank support to reduce corruption • Taking into account corruption in country strategies, lending, policy dialogue, analytical work and in the choice and design of projects • Adding voice and support to international efforts to lower corruption. The ongoing anti-corruption work in Bangladesh will help to address the four-pronged approach. This report summarizes the findings of four diagnostic studies on corruption conducted by Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB) for the World Bank, and includes recommendations that could used for the Bank’s dialogue with the government. Objective, Scope and Limitations The objective of the diagnostic studies is to help improve our knowledge of the manifestations of corruption, analyse the factors / causes leading to the phenomenon of growing corruption, determine the reasons that impede anti-corruption work, and propose remedies. A key objective is to improve our knowledge of areas where corruption is most prevalent along with improved information on the magnitude of bribe payments, the mode of payment of bribes, and the process involved, so as to come up with some specific remedial action plan. This report recognises that measurement problems are a serious obstacle facing any work on...
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...importance of ownership as the source of capitalist incentives to innovate. Moreover, many of the concerns that private firms fail to address “social goals” can be addressed through government contracting and regulation, without resort to government ownership. The case for private provision only becomes stronger when competition between suppliers, reputational mechanisms, the possibility of provision by private not-for-profit firms, as well as political patronage and corruption, are brought into play. 1 What kinds of goods and services should be provided by government employees as opposed to private firms? Should government workers make steel and cars in government-owned factories? Should teachers and doctors be publicly employed or should they work for private schools and practices? Should garbage be picked up by civil servants or employees of private garbage haulers? Should the whole economy be "socialized"? Although these are age-old questions in economics, the answers economists give to them, as well as the reasons for arriving at these answers, have been changing. In this paper, I describe some recent ways of thinking about government ownership. Half a century ago, economists were quick to favor government ownership of firms as soon as any market inequities or imperfections, such as monopoly power or...
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...critical responses to the weaknesses of globalization and corruption in the world that we are currently living based on the mixed economic worldview which is my personal economic worldview which threatens to undermine the stability of economic and political development on both a national and global scale, and which requires both immediate and wide-ranging policy interventions. The recent concern with corruption is attributable, not to any substantive increase in corrupt practices, but rather, to the re-framing of corruption in light of broader shifts and transformations within the global economy. The historical context of globalization covers centuries. This paper reviews the types, forms as well as the consequences of corruption. The paper also reviews the issues associated with globalization and the effect it has on the lives of various individuals. It questions the view that, under certain conditions, corruption may enhance efficiency and argues that though corruption may benefit powerful individuals it will indubitably lead to greater inefficiency and a waste of resources at a macro-economic level. Table of Contents ABSTRACT i INTRODUCTION iii BACKGROUND iv Forms of Corruption vi 1.1 Bribery vi 1.2 Theft and fraud vi 1.3 Embezzlement vi 1.4 Nepotism vi 1.5 Conflict of Interest vi 1.6 Favouritism vii Types of Corruption vii 2.1. Grand corruption vii 2.2 Political corruption vii 2.3 Corporate corruption vii 2.4 Administrative corruption vii 2.5 Petty...
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...IKEA in 1943 and now it is the world’s biggest retail furniture provider. Its prices are very competitive and it was the first company to provide products in flat packages. IKEA has 226 stores around the globe, and earned over $17.7 Billion of revenue as of august 2005. Its famous catalogue that is released on annual basis, accounts for 70% of total marketing communication. IKEA’s marketing, both global and domestic, is affected by a number of environmental factors. We will be discussing all those factors, affect of global economic interdependency, affect of trade agreements and other business practices, and material road and communication networks. Topics like social responsibility, ethics and actual law, cultural differences, and foreign corrupt practices act of 1997 will be discussed. Finally, we will go through effect of political systems, pressure of international relations and effect of technology on overall business. Influence of Global Economic Interdependence & Effect of Trade Practices and Agreements Trade agreements, business practices and the economy help in understanding the purchasing power of the customers. It means they work with earnings, prices, reserves, loans and GDP. These factors should be kept in mind when any organization decides to go global. They should carefully plan their marketing mix in accordance to the target consumers. Pricing is of prime importance here and should be according to prevalent economics conditions there. IKEA has presence in either...
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