...Abstract and Annotated Bibliography: Racism in Rare Form Quinta Anderson Liberty University Abstract Racism occurs when there is a prejudice that is targeted towards a specific group or person due to their ethnicity or the color of their skin. Prejudice can be perceived as passing judgment on a person before knowing facts about an individual. If an individual allows prejudiced to consume them then it is known as discrimination. Discrimination can occur any many different forms such as not allowing someone to purchase a home, getting employment, denying them of their education rights, can all be a form of racial discrimination. For many years, there has been a major conflict regarding the African American race as well as immigrants. Although, the civil rights movement is no longer in existence, racism has started to formulate in rare form and hate crimes has been present across the country has arrived. Racism can be seen daily especially in the Southern States. However, when the color of one’s skin is not a main factor, other examples of discrimination can be seen in the form of one’s language, religion, nationality, sex. The reader will be able to explore how racism and multicultural counseling are linked together. Racism in Rare Form What is Racism? Racism and prejudice is a problem that has existed for years and still exist today, but in rare form. Racism has changed from generation to generation and is sometimes hidden. Racism has been said to exist for years...
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...The early history of the United States was characterized by a harsh separation between the subjugated and the oppressors. This system became interwoven into the nation’s culture, creating a dangerously racialized society that does not allow equality to exist. Racism, a term that first garnered attention in the mid-twentieth century, is regarded as a coordinated form of prejudices, stereotypes, and discrimination but is more all-compassing that any of these. Historically, racism was more prevalent and obvious but less disparaging to the victim that it is today. How then do we obliterate the centuries old racially stratified system that society is operating on today? Claudia Medrano, a second generation Mexican-American psychology major, helps...
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...Racism is a word that can be defined in many different ways to people. To some, racism is a way of life, and to others, it is a repulsive term that represents closed-mindedness. Racism comes from different cultural values, ethnic backgrounds, as well as the physical appearances. The conflict of racism occurs when the majority group of society feels that the different cultures and values of the minority group brings the deviance to the society. The United States of America, which brought people from all over the world, is stated as the land of opportunity and freedom, it is also the country that is notorious for the racial discrimination. From the beginning of this country, there were conflicts with the Indians, slavery of blacks, and going against the people who immigrated here hoping to achieve the American dream. Racism have been one of the most significant issues that people have been facing and fighting for, and is still occurring around us without even knowing. I have not felt any serious racism against me so far since I am a student and had only been here for such a short period of time. Although the society that I am living in now is like the melting pot of all different cultures, I was able to figure out during my stay at school that most people who were in the same color used to get along together. I also heard about the experience of racism that my uncle had, who immigrated here about 6 years ago. My uncle owns a store in the city of Tustin, which he often had to...
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...microaggressions, which are little remarks that, even though aren’t meant as offensive, are insulting. Microaggressions can sometimes meant to be positive, such as “you speak English so well”, but they are rooted in stereotypes. Microaggressions occur on a daily basis for many minorities, and are often compared to a mosquito bite. One or two may not be uncomfortable, but if they keep occurring they can cause a lot of damage. Another concept I learned a lot about was institutional racism. Institutional racism is the tendency of social institutions to treat groups differently because of their race. Institutions can be set up in such a way that allows on race to do very well, while simultaneously treating other races in a negative manner. One institution that seems to struggle with institutional racism is the education system. A clear example of institutional racism in the...
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...Including minorities at all ranks in police services is simply a method known as 'window dressing' that is meant to give the public an outward appearance of tackling the issue of racism without actually achieving much progress. "In 2000, an African Caribbean police officer, when asked to make plain his thoughts on the overall impact of the Machperson Report, including its policy initiatives, declared to me: 'it's just better for appearances'." (Insert article citation here) This policy of hiring minority's as a tool to strengthen the relationship between citizen and police is seen as nothing more than a myth that has yet to be proven or effective. It's main objective is "to better reflect the populations they are policing", (insert article...
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...The Problem with Institutional Racism In recent times the media has contributed to racism by only showing the acts of cruelty of Caucasian’s towards the minority in the United States. This is an example of institutional racism. Just what is institutional racism? Institutional racism is a pattern of social institutions, such as the media, government, schools, banks, and etc. This leads to the issue of inequality among the citizens of the United States. One key detail about institutional racism is that a person does not need to discriminate intentionally to have the label attached to them. For example, judges in the court of law might intend to impose similar sentences for similar crimes; yet if Caucasian citizens receive a...
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...Lying by omission occurs when the media is hushed and keeps news from the public, and this act happens in the daily lives of Americans. In the modern day, after the law has been enforced on a person, the case is brought to the American Court System. In this system, there are prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges, and a jury of the peers that work to serve a correct verdict. However, a fair trial does not often happen, especially in the police shooting trials. Therefore, the race of the police officer and the race of the victim creates different punishments during trials. To start off, it might seem that African Americans feel that they are treated inferior to Whites, so they might say that they are often singled out in criminal circumstances and trails even. Some might claim that America has not yet...
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...Affirmative Action a Balancing Act ENG. 215 February 5, 2013 Affirmative Action a Balancing Act Many people believe that affirmative action laws are reverse discrimination and that these laws should be changed. Unfortunately in this country race is a determining factor in many aspects of daily living. Affirmative action laws simply balance the scales when it comes to determining whether race works for or against minorities. Affirmative action laws should not be changed, because it is an excellent program as demonstrated by the fact that two Supreme Court justices are products of affirmative action. Originally designed to overcome the disparities created by slavery and past discrimination affirmative action is still relevant in today’s society Affirmative action laws have been the subject of legal actions and disputes. In 2003 Michigan law school had to defend its affirmative action practices before the Supreme Court in the case of Grutter versus Bollinger (Garces, 2012). The court decided that colleges and universities have an obligation to consider race in a society where race matters. Another case is currently before the Supreme Court titled Fisher versus the University of Texas (Garces, 2012). A decision in this case is imminent and can have sweeping effects on the future of affirmative action laws. Many Americans do not understand affirmative action laws. Most people see it as a personal injury of giving priority to someone that...
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...still occur today. One societal issue that this novel highlights is racism, specifically with the trial of Tom Robinson, who was wrongfully accused and convicted of rape. Harper Lee also examines other, just as important topics to society. The novel takes place in mainly one town in Alabama known as Maycomb during the Great Depression where finding a job is increasingly difficult. Although fictional, it accurately...
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...to figure out how to operate economically and socially with the newly freed slaves. Numerous acts of racism were practiced upon the black community, even when amendments were passed giving newly freed slaves full and equal opportunities as the white community. Nineteen years later, Huckleberry Finn was written by Mark Twain. This novel describes the adventures between a young, white, abused boy named Huck, and a black slave named Jim who escaped from his owner. Mark Twain uses his interpretations of Jim, in hopes of discouraging acts of racism in the nation. Because this novel...
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...According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, the definition of empathy is the action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to, and vicariously experiencing the feelings of another without having the experiences fully communicated in an objectively explicit manner. Empathy is conducted internally; it is a mindset. When empathy is combined with action, the power of our convictions can be used to effect change around us. Atticus Finch, in To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, does this in excess. Atticus has so much empathy for others that it actually clouds his judgement. Excessive empathy leads Atticus to make excuses for other’s behaviors, and to justify their wrongdoings. Atticus also lacks confidence to stand up for what and who...
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...Summary of Racism: Concepts, Theories and Approaches Hollinsworth, D (1998) Racism: concepts, theories and approaches, Race and Racism in Australia, 2nd edition, Social Science Press, Katoomba, NSW. In this reading, Hollinsworth provides a very detailed analysis of the concept of racism. He explains how theorists have constructed different ideas about racism in relation to ethnicity, social history, class and gender. The theorists have made a very important point in that although social culture rejects the idea of racism, it does still exist, sometimes in very similar ways. An example is the similarity between ethnocentrism and ideological racism. Both of these believe that their ethnic culture is superior and other cultures are biologically, intellectually or culturally inferior. The two tie in together as the basis for prejudice. Institutional racism is also explained. This is a complex subject, but usually occurs within an institution setting such as government bodies and the private sector. Some ethnic groups have an advantage in this situation whereas others are disadvantaged and discriminated against. Hollinsworth also explores the Marxist and feminist perspectives on racism. In the Marxist approach, the main focus is on race in the context of class. The feminist view however concentrates on the impact that ethnic and racial discrimination have on gender. The concept of identity politics is then explored which is a theory that...
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...The internal factors of educational underachievement refers to factors within the school that affect how pupils academically succeed, for example; interactions between pupils and teachers and inequalities between schools. Sociologists can suggest the reasons why these internal factors occur through a child's class, ethnicity and gender; such as the labelling theory, the self-fulfilling prophecy, pupils subcultures and institutional racism. Despite judging or stereotyping a person based on their class, ethnicity or gender being widely condemned in our modern society, it is clear from research that it still occurs in schools, however it is not necessarily intentional. The labelling theory suggests that teachers label pupils depending on how well they fit their idea of an 'ideal pupil'. These labels do not often reflect the pupil's actual ability or attitude, but they are based on stereotypical assumptions from a pupil's class background, ethnicity or potentially their gender. Ray Rist's study in 1970 of an American kindergarten showed that a child's home background and appearance determined what groups they were separated into on each table, not the child's ability. 'Ideal pupils' were commonly found to be middle-class children of whom had a clean and neat appearance. These children were seated closest to the teacher being given the most encouragement. The remaining groups labelled 'clowns' and were seated furthest from the teacher. Children in these 'clown' groups were likely...
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...teachers might label their students as troublesome, or intelligent, mature or irresponsible. Interactionist theorists study face-to-face interactions where labelling occurs, looking at different ethnic differences in achievement. They focus on the range of labels that teachers will provide them with due to their different ethnic backgrounds. Their studies prove that teachers often see black and Asian pupils as far from being the ‘ideal pupil’. An example of this is that black pupils are often seen as a disruption to the class and the Asians as unreceptive. These negative labels may lead teachers to treat ethnic minority pupils differently and this could result to failure. A good example of black labelling is from the studies by Gillborn and Youdell; Gillborn found that teachers were quick to tell black students off for behaviour rather than others. They found that black pupils were expected by teachers to disruptive and have behavioural problems which would be seen as threatening or challenging authority. When this was interpreted wrongly, this resulted in negative feedback from the black students which also resulted in further conflict. They both conclude that most of the conflict that occurs between white teachers and black pupils comes from the racial stereotypes that teachers hold. Bernard Coard explains how the ethnocentric curriculum may create under-achievement. An example of this is the history of Britain, which are supposed to bring civilisation to the 'primitive' peoples...
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...Exploratory Essay Outline Introduction (Paragraph I): a. Is racism still alive? b. Over the past years my views on racism has changed. When I was younger, I didn’t notice the racism as much as I do now. Body Paragraph 2 a. Source I i. Why Conservatives should oppose Racial Profiling ii. Racial profiling oppresses the African American population iii. The justice system is tailored for white men, the minorities just have to assimilate Body Paragraph 3 a. Source 2 I. Maryland Restricts Racial Profiling in New Guidelines for Law Enforcement II. Maryland law requires law enforcement agencies to have policies prohibiting racial and ethnic profiling during traffic stops III. There are people with different viewpoints on if racial profiling still exists IV. ''Racial profiling continues despite the fact that it is against the law of the United States; it's against Maryland law,'' Body Paragraph 4 b. Source 3 V. Why Racism Still Flourishes VI. “our faltering efforts to deal with race in this country, a great deal of time is devoted to responding to symptoms rather than root causes. That may help explain why racism keeps repeating itself.” VII. Examples are pointed out; in colleges racism has occurred. VIII. “The United States has been treating evidence of racism, and not the causes, since the Civil War.” Body Paragraph 5, 6, 7, etc Conclusion * Clarify what you now think of your...
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