...Assignment 2 Morbidity: Lung Cancer HSA535 Managerial Epidemiology 01/29/2012 Compose an analysis of lung cancer of lung cancer as compared to other leading causes of death in your state. Include the mortality rates and the costs of lung cancer(for the most recent year reported) in your analysis. Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lung. Normal lung tissue is made up of cells that are programmed by genes to create lung tissue in a certain shape and to perform certain functions. Lung cancer develops when the genetic material responsible for production of lung cells is damaged (genetic mutations). Repeated exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco smoke may cause damage in lung cells. While tobacco, is the leading cause of lung cancer, some other carcinogens linked to lung cancer include radon and asbestos. These mutations in the genetic material of the lung cells cause the instructions for those cells to go askew. Consequently, those cells and their offspring reproduce wildly, without regard for the normal shape and function of a lung. That wild reproduction causes the formation of tumors that block air passages in the lung and make it stop functioning as it should. Lung cancer is usually divided into two major types. The first type is small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The second type is non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC. Sometimes a lung cancer may have characteristics of both types. This is called mixed small cell/large cell carcinoma. About...
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...Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control: Benefits and Health Outcomes Smoking tobacco cigarettes is a major problem in our society today. It is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States (CDC). Recent health reports indicate that 18% of the American population is involved in cigarette smoking. Nine out of ten smokers begin smoking before the age of 18 and 98% start smoking before the age of 26. Smoking causes more deaths in the United States each year than Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, illegal drug use and firearm accidents combined. According to the United States department of Health and Human Services, smoking is very harmful to the human body (USDHHS). Studies have shown that more than 20 million people have died as a result of cigarette smoking and more than 16 million people have a chronic illness that is associated with cigarette smoking. Additionally, records indicate that 2.5 million deaths are due to second-hand smoke exposure (Betobaccofree). Various health problems that are linked to cigarette smoking include: lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, coronary artery disease, throat cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer and kidney cancer (Betobaccofree). Cigarette Smoking has been a well-known health hazard for some time; however, it continues to be a very popular recreational activity among various groups of people. There are a few groups that...
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...not take the time to look into depth would be smoking in public places. Smoking in public is a problem in many different ways, some are that not only does it cause health issues; it puts others at risk, and those who could be allergic to smoke in general. People should care about this social problem simply because not only does this problem harms the people who are engaging in this practice, but it harms innocent people who have not done a thing. The cause of the problem I deeper than what most would think. Smoking begins with having social change and problems out in the world. People often smoke to ease their minds, to get away from their problems that they are having, and while some do so only to fit in with a group of their peers. It is amazing how such a small moment decision can affect many lives within the world. Stop smoking in all public places is the set goal for this social problem, and some may ask why?, but when we look at many commercials on the television on people are dying every single day to some type of cancer caused from smoking. My question would be to everyone who has made up their minds that smoking should not be banned in public places that would you want your family be harmed or even die from someone else causing their bodily harm or deaths. Smoking is the single largest preventable cause of disease and premature death. It is a prime factor in heart disease, stroke and chronic lung disease. It can cause cancer of the lungs, larynx, esophagus, mouth...
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...SCI 220 chapter 1 What is a definition for nutrition? Nutrition is the science that links foods to health and disease. Play audio for this term What does the subject of nutrition include? The subject of nutrition includes the processes by which the human organism ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, and excretes food substances. What is the benefit of food to the body? Food provides the energy in the form of calories as well as the materials needed to build and maintain all body cells. What is the benefit of nutrition to the body? Nutrients are the substances obtained from food that are vital for growth and maintenance of a healthy body throughout life. What is one classification of nutrients? Nutrients can be classified as essential or nonessential What is an essential nutrient? An essential nutrient is a nutrient that the body either cannot synthesize on its own or cannot make an adequate amount of, and must be provided by the diet because it is necessary for the body to function properly. What criteria must be met for a nutrient to be considered "essential?" For a nutrient to be considered essential, it must meet the following criteria: 1) At least one specific biological function of the nutrient in the body must be identified. (2) Omission of the nutrient from the diet must lead to a decline in certain biological functions, such as production of blood cells. (3) replacing the omitted nutrient in the diet before permanent...
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...Pelletier Chamberlain College of Nursing NUR-443: Community Health Nursing November 2016 “In the United States, smoking is the leading cause of preventable death, accounting for approximately one out of every five deaths or 438,000 deaths per year” (p. 58). Smoking usually begins during the adolescent years and is typically more prevalent to the juniors and seniors in high school rather than adults. In the little town of Newington, CT adolescents and smoking tobacco is a real problem. Driving through this town it is easy to overlook most of the young population inhaling either a cancer filled stick or a vaporizer. However, the majority of this age group can be seen smoking...
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...Smoke: The Risk and the Controversy In "The Moral Instinct," Steven Pinker, a professor of psychology at Harvard University, describes a new sixth sense. "The moral sense," he calls it. It's the way we, as human beings, determine what issues are moral or amoral. Take smoking, for instance. Years ago, it was widely considered to be a health issue. Many non-smokers didn't smoke because they worried about how cigarettes could affect their lungs and heart. When scientists determined that second-hand smoke was unhealthy too, smoking became a moral issue. Smoking is one of the most widespread bad habits all over the world. In its turn, tobacco industry is one of the most profitable businesses nowadays. Millions of people start smoking, and then decide they want to get rid of this habit, thus the health industry products for smokers who try to quit their habit are also quite attractive to invest in. Nowadays everyone knows smoking is hazardous for the health of the smoker, and of people who inhale cigarette smoke; it leads to lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, influences on prenatal development, and causes many other unpleasant and dangerous effects. Hot dogs, baseball and cigarettes? How did smoking become an American tradition? The "History of Tobacco" article state, American Indians began using tobacco as early as 1 B.C for medicinal and religious purposes. In the early nineteenth century, tobacco became increasingly popular among the gold miners and cowboys (History of Tobacco)...
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...has to look out of the consumers that are not looking out for themselves. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2013, there were 42.1 million people in the United States that smoked cigarettes. Smoking causes many diseases such as cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking is considered to be the leading cause of preventable deaths in the US. It is responsible for about 480,000 deaths, including 41,000 deaths resulting from secondhand smoke. According to the CDC, the United States spends $300 billion a year on smoking-related costs to include medical care, lost productivity, and premature deaths. By now we are all well aware of the harmful effects that smoking and other use of tobacco products have on use, but according to the CDC 3,200 people under the age of 18 smoked their first cigarette today. Choosing to smoke is a personal choose that affects many. If an employer is required to pay a higher insurance premium for those employees that smoke, who should be required to pay? Who should be responsible for children that develop respiratory problems such as bronchitis or pneumonia from secondhand smoke? With so many people affected by smoking I think it is well with the right an employer and even the government to regulate its use, or even penalize those who make the choice to smoke. With all the...
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...CAUSES OF LUNG CANCER Lung cancer is a disease in which a primary cancer (the original site where the cancer occurred) develops in the tissue of the lungs. Lung cancer was first described by doctors in the mid 1800's. At the turn of the century, it was still considered a rarity ;that has changed dramatically. What has not changed is the difficultly of detecting lung cancer in its earliest stages when it has the greatest chance of being successfully treated. "Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer among both men and women, with 168,000 new cases in 1992 and 146,00 deaths" ;(Winawer 283). "If you fall into the following categories of people who have been heavy smokers, you have the greatest chance of being diagnosed with lung cancer: a male over 60 ;someone who has smoked one for more packs of cigarettes a day for 20 years or longer ;someone who began to smoke before the age of 20 and is still smoking: a worker in a industrial plant with a high risk material, such as asbestos, who also smoke. Someone who has persistent or violent smokers cough ;someone who does not smoke but is frequently exposed to unnecessary passive smoke" ;(Cooper 114-120). Numerous studies all over the world have shown a link between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, as well as other cancers, with an increase in cigarette smoking followed by an increase of lung cancer. Most of these studies involve the testing of non-smokers and smokers to see how things can affect them differently and...
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...Documentary Review Super-Size Me I. Summarize the documentary “Super Size Me”. Give a detailed description of the coverage of the documentary, and state briefly the “take away” message it gives. “Super-Size Me” is a an experiment created by Morgan Spurlock where he sets out an investigation to understand and prove how quickly and harmful fast food could be on a person’s body, health, and wellbeing. The primary concept revolves around eating nothing but McDonald’s food for a period of 30 days for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. This meant that any food not on the McDonald’s menu was not allowed to be consumed during this process. As Morgan Spurlock was lying around at home watching the news, he came across a report on two teenage girls whose parents had sued McDonalds, blaming MacDonald’s for their girl’s obesity problem. This news impulses him to pursue an investigation and experience hands on the cause and effect that resulted from eating McDonald’s food. In the documentary, Spurlock begins as a very healthy person. In fact, his health was above average. He weighed about 185lbs and his body fat was less than below average at an (11%). His cholesterol was under 200 which for his height, (6 feet and 2 inches) he was considered a healthy individual. In preparation to begin, Spurlock informs three doctors from three different specialties to embark with him in his journey of 30 days. It consisted of a cardiologist, gastroenterologists, and a general practitioner...
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...The Greatest cause of preventable death Students Name: ID: * 12105038 Presented to Dr. Haitham Gamal ------------------------------------------------- Table of content: Contents | Number of page | Introduction | | Literature review | | Methodology | | Results | | Discussion | | Conclusion | | References | | Abstract Our purpose is to help people to understand dangers of smoking on them and people around them, hoping to decrease at least numbers of smokers to let them enjoy a healthier and longer life without problems. Introduction: Like most people, you already know that smoking is bad for your health. But do you really understand just how dangerous smoking really is and how it can be also deadly for non smokers too? Do you know that the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that each year smoking causes about 6 million deaths which is about 10% of all deaths and 0.6 million of these occurring in non smokers too due to second hand smoke? Do you know that smoking is considered as the greatest cause of preventable death globally? Since stopping smoking can be an extremely difficult process, understanding exactly how smoking harms your body and people around you can help keep you motivated to end that habit. So in our research we are going to talk about smoking health problems and second hand smoke. Literature review: Male and female smokers lose an average of 13.2 and 14.5 years of life,...
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...Smoking is a bad and unhealthy habit in which a person “inhales and exhales the smoke of the tobacco or any substance in a cigarette or a pipe” (gran diccionario 843) People should not smoke because, obviously, it affects the smoker and also, it affects all the people that are around them. There are several reasons why people should stop the habit of smoking. To see why, we have to be conscious about the consequences of smoking. First of all, physically ,the smoker’s teeth became decolored and people get a horrible breath. They experience shortness of breath in ordinary activities, like walking or using leathers. It also causes tiredness when people realize any kind of exercise because it decreases cardiovascular endurance (Meeks 364). These are for many, not very serious effects, but with the pass of time people can get worst diseases. The risk of lung and heart diseases increases sharply. Smoking causes a high pulse. This means that your heart works harder and makes more effort when you smoke. Smoking is a danger to your health and people should concern more about it. Smokers are more open to get lung cancer and all smokers have the risk of getting cancer than a person that does not s Everyday 3,000 children start smoking, most them between the ages of 10 and 18. These kids account for 90 percent of all new smokers. In fact, 90 percent of all adult smokers said that they first started smoking as teenagers. These statistics clearly show that young people are the prime target...
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...harmful to the smoker’s bystanders, and it gives health consequences to the smoker. For several years smoking has been the most common and most unhealthy habits for people. In the first place, all smokers believe that they are only harming them self but they are ignorant because it is a contributor to the environmental pollution. From smoking, the cigarette butts and smoke effect the environment greatly, leading to air, water, and land pollution. In outdoor places, regulating smoking it will keeps the ground clean from the cigarette butts. Depending on the environment the cigarette will take up to ten to fifteen years to biodegrade. The best and easiest way to stop the environmental destruction from smoking is to not buy the product. For example, in the Netherlands, Finland, and in the United Kingdom they have a complete or strong ban, but in the United States we have a local legislation. Smoking greatly influences the surrounding atmosphere. Furthermore, to the public the contents of secondhand smoke contain dangerous carcinogens affecting the person’s health. Secondhand smoke is when a non-smoker breaths in nicotine and the other chemicals in a cigarette, cigar, or pipe that is exhaled by the smoker. The smoke going to fellow people causes more damage to their lungs by breathing it in. There has been claim stating that secondhand smoke is even more dangerous than smoking....
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...The Statistics Behind Every Cigarette By: Chantal Acacio Smoking is the single most preventable cause of death, but yet it still kills over 480,000 people every year in just the United States. Globally, there are roughly two million tobacco related deaths each year. The Center for Disease Control agrees that the only way to be fully protected is to never smoke. Why Do People Smoke? Most people start smoking in their teens and are addicted by adulthood. Most teen smokers start smoking because they are trying to imitate their friends, look mature and experiment. Social peer pressure is how most teen smokers come into existence. The fear of not being accepted pushes these young students to do things they wouldn’t normally do. These same teens perceive people of importance who smoke as someone to shadow. Giving smoking more than just a form of acceptance, but also a way to promote maturity. And lastly, students feel a form of excitement breaking the law. There is a rush students get out of illegally trying these substances that they cannot break. Even though most smokers start in their teens, the reason they continue smoking changes after their adolescent years. As the economy becomes less stable and personal issues arise, adults tend to smoke to ease stress. In most cases, cigarettes are either used to help someone stay relaxed during a stressful period or keep them energized to get them through it. Then there will be people out there who just genuinely love to...
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...Smoking: The truth is written on the box COM/156 Smoking: The truth is written on the box How many of you have ever looked at the outside of a pack of cigarettes? You probably noticed there is a surgeon’s warning written on it stating that smoking is a hazard risk. A written statement that smoking is harmful, yet you see people huddled up outside work smoking or out on the drive with cigarette smoke coming out their car windows. Would it be a surprise that secondhand smoke is now a cause for cancer as the direct smoking? Smoking is the number one health hazard in our country. The one thing that I have learned and will explain is that there really is no gain to smoking and quite a few losses. People start smoking cigarettes as an escape from problems or stresses and some people choose to start because of peer pressure or the false image of looking cool. No matter the reason you start smoking effects everyone in some form whether it be by increasing health risks in the smokers as well as people around such as other adults and children, the cost of smoking steadily increases, and there are organizations and plans out to help smokers quit. People have different reasons they choose to start smoking but if they put the reasons next to the after effects that smoking can cause they will see that the effects outweigh the causes. Looking at them makeup of a cigarette explains how these risks are increased in those who smoke. Cigarettes contain additive called...
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...INTRODUCTION In this study we are going to study about the background of smoking and are the smoking good in our health? All of us know that smoking is not good in our health because it can cause so many diseases such as According to Harry Mills PH.D.(2005) that many people nowadays smoke cigarette even teenagers smoke. Some other people have no idea about the chemical of a tobacco and what it can cause in our body. Because the effects of cigarette like lung cancer, heart disease and mouth cancer. But if you really love your body you will quit or you will lessen smoking because he/she you know the bad effects of cigarette smoking. Considered that cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for many cancers and respiratory diseases. Because the heavier the usage of an individual and the longer he smokes, the higher the...
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