...How changes in technology have contributed Q. Explain How Changes In Technology Have Contributed Towards Globalization Of Markets And Of Production? Answer: Technology has dramatically changed people's way of life all over the world and the world today has become a true manifestation of a global village. Not only the frequency of international travelling increased manifold but the possibilities of cross-border trading of goods and services have also increased exponentially. These impacts are collectively known as globalization. (Hill, 2009) defines globalisation as a process which enables individuals, organisations and governments from different natins to come across each other and interact in an intergative manner. The end result of such intergation would be an intergated globalised market system which can act as a melting pot of indivual economies of different nations. There are two ways in which globalisation can be envisaged, i.e. with the production perspective and thebmarket perspective. (Hill, 2009) defines the markets' globalisation as melting down and convergence of individually independent market places into an amalgamated market place. Sharing of the sources of production from different geographical locations for levaraging the quality and cost of the goods and services produces is the idea behind the products' globalisation. (Hill, 2009) Many institutions have been formulated to help manage, regulate and police the phenomena of globalization and to promote the...
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...assignment How have changes in technology contributed to the globalization of markets and production? Would the globalization of production and markets have been possible without these technological changes? Answer: Changes in technology have contributed to the globalization of markets and production by bringing the world closer. I believe that improvements of technology in internet, microprocessors, and transportation not only make our lives more convenient, but also enable the growth of globalization of production and markets. For example, improvements in transportation technology have made it easy for companies like Coca-Cola, Levi Strauss, Sony and McDonalds to make their products available worldwide (Charles W.L. Hill, 2013). Changing technology; has also increased the rate of production, allowing goods to be produced and distributed more efficiently. Similarly, if communication does not exist, people around the world will not get the opportunity to connect and do business together. The ability to negotiate around the world has facilitated by improved communications technology. Moreover, the decreasing cost of communication makes coordinating and controlling global environment even more effective and efficient (Charles W.L. Hill, 2013). Most importantly, the impact that Information Technology has created has been tremendous. Companies now market worldwide by creating a website on the Internet. I strongly believe, that the globalization of production and markets may have been...
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...Comments: Globalization is changing the world economy. Firms, even small ones, can no longer ignore events going on outside their borders because what occurs in one country has implications for the rest of the world. Individuals who believe they can act in isolation by working for a small firm are not being realistic, but rather myopic and insular. Today, thanks to advances in technology, many small firms sell and source internationally very early in their evolution, those that fail to take advantage of international opportunities may not achieve their full potential, and ultimately may fail as competitors that do recognize the importance of international business dominate. In the United States, for example, almost 90 percent of firms that export employ fewer than 100 people. They also account for more than 20 percent of U.S. exports. [2] How have changes in technology contributed towards the globalization of markets and of production? Would the globalization of products and markets have been possible without these technological changes? Comments: Technological change has made globalization a reality. Major advances in communication, information processing, and transportation have brought the world closer together. The development of the microprocessor is perhaps the single, most important innovation as it increased the amount of information that could be processed by individuals and firms. The Internet has facilitated the creation of a 24/7/365 market place where...
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...the dominance of large, multinational U.S. firms in the international business scene. The fourth was that roughly half of the globe - the centrally planned economies of the Communist world - was off-limits to Western international businesses. All of these demographic facts have changed. Although the U.S. remains the world's dominant economic power, its share of world output and world exports have declined significantly since the 1960s. This trend does not reflect trouble in the U.S. economy, but rather reflects the growing industrialization of developing countries such as China, India, Indonesia, and South Korea. This trend is also reflected in the world foreign direct investment picture. As depicted in Figure 1.2 in the textbook, the share of world output (or the stock of foreign direct investment) generated by developing countries has been on a steady increase since the 1960s, while the share of world output generated by rich industrial countries has been on a steady decline. Shifts in the world economy can also be seen through the shifting power of multinational enterprises. Since the 1960s, there have been two notable trends in the demographics of the multinational enterprise. The first has been the rise of non-U.S. multinationals, particularly Japanese multinationals....
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...implications of these shifts for international businesses based in Great Britain? North America? Hong Kong? Over the last 30 years, there has been a shift away from a world in which national economies were relatively self-contained entities, isolated by barriers to cross-border trade and investment, and by national differences in government regulation, culture, and business systems; and moving toward a world where barriers to cross-border trade and investment are declining, material cultures are becoming similar, and national economies are merging into an integrated, interdependent global economic system. As companies from Japan and emerging markets like China play a more vital role in the world economy, the dominance of companies from the United States and Western Europe has diminished. Significant implications for British firms involve looking beyond Europe and America for investment and opportunities. Consumer spending power is growing quickly in developing countries. For North American companies, the same holds true, although the importance of the growing prosperity in Latin America suggests a potentially huge market in “their backyard.” Hong Kong is perceived as the gateway to the immense market of mainland China. Since Hong Kong firms are now less taken for granted, access to China is improving along with the move towards a market economy within China. International businesses based in all three locations are facing new opportunities and threats. 2. "The study of...
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...Globalization Learning objectives • Explain why it is important for managers today to have a global perspective. • Explain the three components of globalization • Describe its effects on markets and production • Explain how technology and innovation in transportation have speeded up globalization • Discuss pros and cons of globalization This chapter is dedicated to introducing the student to the emergence of a new and integrated world of business in which the traditional barriers to cross-border trade and investment including distance, time zones, language, differences in national government regulation, culture and business systems recede in significance due to globalization. The discussion of contemporary issues in international business illustrates the unique challenges of international business. A review of macro-economic and political changes that have taken place in the last 30 years highlights the issues that a typical manager must address in a global market. Information technology and technological changes have put global markets within the reach of small firms in remote locations. In spite of all its benefits, globalization is not a panacea. Critics of globalization point out that it has adverse effects on some firms and individuals. The opening case chronicles the meteoric rise of Wal-Mart from its humble Arkansas beginnings in 1962 to a global retailing giant with $218 billion in sales in 2002. The closing...
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...Globalization Learning objectives • Explain why it is important for managers today to have a global perspective. • Explain the three components of globalization • Describe its effects on markets and production • Explain how technology and innovation in transportation have speeded up globalization • Discuss pros and cons of globalization This chapter is dedicated to introducing the student to the emergence of a new and integrated world of business in which the traditional barriers to cross-border trade and investment including distance, time zones, language, differences in national government regulation, culture and business systems recede in significance due to globalization. The discussion of contemporary issues in international business illustrates the unique challenges of international business. A review of macro-economic and political changes that have taken place in the last 30 years highlights the issues that a typical manager must address in a global market. Information technology and technological changes have put global markets within the reach of small firms in remote locations. In spite of all its benefits, globalization is not a panacea. Critics of globalization point out that it has adverse effects on some firms and individuals. The opening case chronicles the meteoric rise of Wal-Mart from its humble Arkansas beginnings in 1962 to a global retailing giant with $218 billion in sales in 2002. The...
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...What does globalization of market and production mean? How have changes in technology contributed to the globalization of markets and production? Would the globalization of production and markets have been possible without these technological changes? Suppose, you are the marketing manager of a food products company that is considering entering the Indian market. The retail system in India tends to be very fragmented. Also, retailers and wholesalers tend to have long-term ties with Indian food companies, which make access to distribution channels difficult. What distribution strategy would you advise the company to pursue? Why? Suppose, you are the marketing manager of a food products company that is considering entering the Indian market. The retail system in India tends to be very fragmented. Also, retailers and wholesalers tend to have long-term ties with Indian food companies, which make access to distribution channels difficult. What distribution strategy would you advise the company to pursue? Why? Suppose, you are the marketing manager of a food products company that is considering entering the Indian market. The retail system in India tends to be very fragmented. Also, retailers and wholesalers tend to have long-term ties with Indian food companies, which make access to distribution channels difficult. What distribution strategy would you advise the company to pursue? Why? Suppose, you are the marketing manager of a food products company that is considering entering...
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...THE ROLE OF GLOBALIZATION IN THE MODERN ECONOMY GLOBALIZATION DEFINED Over the past several decades, the economies of the world have become increasingly linked, through expanded international trade in services as well as primary and manufactured goods, through portfolio investments such as international loans and purchases of stock, and through direct foreign investment, especially on the part of large multinational corporations. At the same time, foreign aid has increased much less in real terms and has become dwarfed by the now much larger flows of both private capital, and remittances. These linkages have had a marked effect on the developing world. But developing countries are importing and exporting more from each other, as well as from the developed countries, and in some parts of the developing world, especially East Asia but also notably Latin America, investments have poured in from developed countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan. Globalization is one of the most frequently used words in discussions of development, trade, and international political economy. As the form of the word implies, globalization is a process by which the economies of the world become more integrated, leading to a global economy and, increasingly, global economic policymaking, for example, through international agencies such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Globalization also refers to an emerging “global culture,” in which people consume similar goods and...
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...Concept of globalization: Globalization means the coming together of different societies and economies via cross border flow of ideas, finances, capital, information, technologies, goods and services. The cross border assimilation can be social, economic, cultural, or political. But most of the people fear cultural and social assimilation as they believe this would have a negative impact on the existing culture of their society. Globalization therefore has mostly narrowed down to economic integration and this mainly happens through three channels; flow of finance, trade of goods and services and capital movement. Globalization is a term that includes a wide range of social and economic variations. It encompasses topics like the cultural changes, economics, finance trends, and global market expansion. There are positive and negative effects of globalization - it all comes as a package. Globalization helps in creating new markets and wealth, at the same time it is responsible for extensive suffering, disorder, and unrest. The great financial crisis that just happened is the biggest example of how negative globalization can turn. It clearly reveals the dangers of an unstable, deregulated, global economy. At the same time, this gave rise to important global initiatives, striving towards betterment. Globalization is a factor responsible for both repression and the social boom. What happens when there is a growing integration of economies across the globe? Majorly there have been...
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...Management Market and Nonmarket Environments Any Issues or Changes That Happen in One of These Environments Can Directly Cause Change to the Other. Since Both of These Are so Closely Related and to a Great Importance for a Firm In: Business and Management Market and Nonmarket Environments Any Issues or Changes That Happen in One of These Environments Can Directly Cause Change to the Other. Since Both of These Are so Closely Related and to a Great Importance for a Firm Canadian Business Environment Market and Nonmarket Environments Any issues or changes that happen in one of these environments can directly cause change to the other. Since both of these are so closely related and to a great importance for a firm to run successfully, they have put more focus on managing both aspects of the company. The interrelationship between the market and nonmarket environment is heavily based on the role of management. Since a firm will operate in both the market and nonmarket environments, managers are there to measure the impact one has on the other. The issues found in the nonmarket environment are directly related to the market environment of the firm. The nonmarket environment is a little more difficult to control than the market environment, but each firm is aware of the importance of running sufficiently in both aspects in order to be successful. As shown in figure 1-1 (Baron p. 3), the relationship that the nonmarket and market environment has. Market environment...
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...vertical foreign direct investment with an example Backward FDI is investing in an industry which supplies your firm at home. Buying or building a supplier. For example, if Ford builds an engine production facility in Mexico which ships engines to it manufacturing site in Texas. This would be backward vertical FDI. Vertical foreign direct investment with an example Investment from one country into another (normally by companies rather than governments) that involves establishing operations or acquiring tangible assets, including stakes in other businesses. Vertical: when different stages of activities are added abroad. Forward vertical FDI is where the FDI takes the firm nearer to the market (for example, Toyota acquiring a car distributorship in America) and Backward Vertical FDI is where international integration moves back towards raw materials (for example, Toyota acquiring a tyre manufacturer or a rubber plantation). Common law system and how it differs from a civil law system Common law is based on tradition, precedent, and custom. When law courts interpret common law, they do so with regard to these characteristics. This gives a common law system a degree of flexibility that other systems lack because it allows the judge to interpret the law. Civil law system and how it differs from a common law system Civil law is based on a very detailed set of laws organized into codes. When law courts interpret civil law, they do so with regard to these codes. Over 80...
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...Globalization and our Responsibilities Vanessa Strachan Saint Leo University Globalization and our Responsibilities Globalization Globalization is the integration of the world’s economies; it helps to increase productivity, which can raise the standard of living. It is driven by technology advancements in communications and transportation and motivated by the desire for free markets. “Globalization can be technological (the Internet), economic (trade, pro- duction), cultural (television). Globalization can also foster international solidarity. But the dominant view is that globalization means increased commercial relations between people of different countries” (Unknown, 2009). Globalization is the opportunity for developing countries to tap into the world’s economy, which will allow the opportunity to sell many goods to as many people around the world. Globalization includes markets and production. “Globalization of markets refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace and the globalization of production refers to sourcing goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production (such as labor, energy, land and capital)” (Hill, 2011). Globalization is an opportunity for big corporations as well as for small businesses; it is the movement of jobs, goods, finances, and investments. With the advancement of technology...
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...Globalization has indeed brought a lot changes in the International System which does constitute smaller actors like those from the third world countries especially Africa. Globalization can be said to be a unitarization factor of the world hence making the world look like one whole entity. Globalization has both positive and negative impacts to Africa as a continent. It is no doubt that globalization has promoted greater respect for human rights, democracy, liberalized trading, technology, and contributed to the development of African press. This has strongly opened African countries to far greater scrutiny than in the past, making life hard for African governments to get away with excessive and blatant abuses of democratic leadership governance and transparency. Moreover, the technological revolution presupposes the free movement of goods, information, and people across national boundaries. It has an effect on employment patterns worldwide by the contribution to a great deal of outsourcing which is one of the best organizational and industry structure shifts these changes the way business operates. Further, Globalization is changing organizational structures where expenses can move up or down as the business climate dictates. In terms of positive economic opportunities globalization is the establishment of new economic opportunities for corporations, small businesses, through the access to global markets. Kenya has benefited from globalization by increasing the share of exports...
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...RESPONDING TO GLOBALIZATION: INDIA’S ANSWER 4th Ramanbhai Patel Memorial Lecture on Excellence in Education by Dr. C. Rangarajan Chairman Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister New Delhi February 25, 2006 Ahmedabad RESPONDING TO GLOBALIZATION: INDIA’S ANSWER I deem it a great honour to be invited to deliver the 4th Ramanbhai Patel Memorial Lecture on Excellence in Education. Shri Ramanbhai Patel was a true entrepreneur. He came to business from education and set up an indigenous pharmaceutical company, which later became one of the largest manufacturers of drugs and pharmaceuticals. He was deeply interested in the promotion of education and contributed liberally towards this cause. I am indeed happy that the Ahmedabad Management Association has instituted a lecture series to commemorate his memory. Ahmedabad Management Association is perhaps the most active management association in our country. It has become the forum for a discussion of variety of issues relating to industrial growth and business education. Its programmes and seminars have come to be recognized as being the most useful and well organised. May I take this occasion to congratulate the Ahmedabad Management Association on the excellent work it has been doing. It is a matter of great pleasure for me to be in Ahmedabad and to meet familiar faces. Globalization has become an expression of common usage. While to some, it...
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