...Introduction Davies and Bhugra (2004) noted that, the humanistic and cognitive-behaviour approaches to therapy share little more than a resounding belief in the need for a strong therapeutic alliance to affect positive and lasting change in behaviour, thoughts and attitude of clients seeking therapeutic intervention. The difference lies in the application of the techniques and the beliefs underlying the origins and treatment of psychological problems, which are associated with the physical illness and biological abnormalities of one sort or another. (Davies, and Bhugra2004). According to Barker (2003) a therapeutic alliance is a situation in which patient and psychotherapists are bound together in working towards mutual communication and understanding. This means that the professional hopes to engage with and effect change in a patient. In addition, Gabbard (1994) noted that the essence of therapy is a transaction between two collaborating human beings with the goal of helping the patients, and that there is no right treatment approach. Different theoretical models and treatments strategies may apply flexibly over the course of treatment. This essay will compare and contrast humanistic approach and cognitive behaviour approach, and discuss their relevance to psychiatric nursing practice. Both approaches will be applied to the management of anxiety. The humanistic approach According to Bugental (1967), the humanistic approach is concerned with the human dimension...
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...Skip to Navigation Skip to Content TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research DocumentsThe Research Paper Factory Join Search Browse Saved Papers Search A Humanistic Approach To Working With A Terminally Ill Patient In: Psychology A Humanistic Approach To Working With A Terminally Ill Patient A Humanistic Approach to Working with a Terminally Ill Patient “Humanistic psychology . . . emphasizes the independent dignity and worth of human beings and their conscious capacity to develop personal competence and self respect” (Humanistic Psychology Overview, 2001). This view of humanistic psychology shows why a humanistic approach is valuable and effective when working with patients who have a terminal illness, such as cancer. This paper will provide an example of a humanistic approach by a medical professional in providing care to a terminally ill patient. This paper will also provide a reflection of my feelings on the approach, my thoughts on how I would prefer a human service worker to work with me in such an instance, and discuss how unconditional positive regard would be presented under these circumstances. The following example is from Jill Preston’s article in the Journal of Community Nursing, Using Reflective Practice in Palliative Care (2001). Brenda is a patient who was diagnosed with breast cancer and was treated with a mastectomy and radiotherapy. Three years later, Brenda presented back pains to her physician. It was discovered that...
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...This paper will talk about Maslow’s history, legacy, his contributions to humanistic psychology, and his most famous work, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, and how it works. Maslow’s contributions is still an important cornerstone of psychology today. Maslow was born on August 1, 1908 in New York to uneducated Jewish immigrants from Russia (www.webspace.ship.edu, 2015). His parents pushed him hard academically and Maslow was often pushed to excel in areas he had no interest in. His father also degraded him by calling him ugly and impacting his self-image, and his mother, who wanted to keep him under her control (www.muskingum.edu, 2015) This led to him seeking refuge and contentment in books. He went to the City College of New York and Cornell...
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...Personality Analysis PSY/ 405 April 29, 2013 Dave Brueshoff Personality Analysis In this paper I will compare and contrast dispositional, humanistic and existential theories of personality. I will also give the basic underlying assumptions of each of these approaches to personality and analyze the characteristics to each of these theories. I will also explain the interpersonal relational aspects that are associated with these theories. According to aboutpsychology.com Humanistic theories of personality stress the basic goodness of human beings and the need to achieve one's full potential. Learn more about some of the major humanistic theories of personality. Comparing and Contrasting When looking at the humanistic and existential theories of personality these theories the individual on a holistic sense. Humanistic and existential theories and dispositional theories are all similar because they all search for an understanding the importance of behavior based on the individuals personal perception of life. All these theories focus on conscious decision making, free will and abilities. According to Abraham Maslow he looked at the humanistic approach to personality as taking full advantage of opportunities available to them and explores new ideas that would improve their life. Maslow also believed that there are many opportunities to people but first they have to be self-actualized. Maslow referred to these qualities in those who are self-actualized, as B-values (Feist...
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...Social Cognitive and Humanistic Perspectives Tana’ya Green Psy/203 Laurel Taron 8/24/15 Social Cognitive and Humanistic Perspectives Social cognitive is a psychological perspective which holds that, parts of an individual’s knowledge can be directly related to observation of others within the area of social interactions, personal experiences and also media influences. It postulates that, when people observe a model performing a behaviour or activity and the consequences of that behaviour, they tend to remember the events and use the information to guide current behaviours. The main components of social-cognitive perspective is that, it is effective in acquiring skills, attitudes and beliefs since a person can make changes in his own behaviour by watching or imitating others for example a model, a superstar and a favourite personality or cartoon character. It emphasizes the complex human interactions in their distinct and preferred social setting or environment. This perspective has it that individuals are more likely to imitate those whom they identify with and find their behaviours awarding in nature. On the other hand Humanistic perspectives emphasizes the study of the whole person. Humanistic psychologists look at human behaviour, not only through the eyes of the observer but through the eyes of the person doing the activity. They believe that an individual’s behaviour is connected to his inner feelings and self-image. They centre...
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...Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality Erin F Watts PSY/250 September 21, 2012 Juliann Hector Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality When a person looks at Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, one can see the basic map of the way people seek things out. Every aspect of a person’s identity is shaped with the help of basic human instincts and the needs that they seek to fulfill. Though it is critical to take this list of basic necessities into account when considering an individual’s personality, it is important not to overlook the affect that tendencies and biological factors play in designing one’s thoughts and reactions. When a child is first born, its thoughts are primarily focused on satiating their own hunger for food, comfort, and safety. Quick to learn, and a little selfish, a baby will catch on to certain truths. When it cries it will receive attention and food, meeting the first tier in the hierarchy of needs. In this level, Maslow explains that the first things a person seeks are the physiological kind. These are things like food, water, and sleep. Though there are certain factors that also play into this, this need will help determine how fussy one may turn out. If the baby gurgles or coos a certain way it garners more attention from its guardian, things like this help shape a person. The next urge humans seek to have met is safety. Everyone learns to do things a certain way to make sure they have nurturing and protective environment. If a...
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...Running head: BIOLOGICAL AND HUMANISTIC THEORIES Biological and Humanistic Theories Victor Bell University Of Phoenix Psychology of Personality Psy 250 Byron Pettit, M.A. Due July 29, 2009 Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality Understanding the wide range and the development of personalities within our culture has been an ongoing challenge for hundreds of years. Within this document we will consider why people have completely different personalities even in the case of identical twins. Although Freud’s believed that people were basically born with their personality intact, many different theories have developed over the years in direct contrast to Freud’s. I will also consider the impact of genetics, environment and the role they play in reference to the biological aspect of personality development. Two of the more popular personality theories today are Biological and Humanistic; I will analyze and compare both theories to demonstrate an understanding of the differences and similarities between them. The Biological factor determines our physical make-up the color of our eyes, hair how tall we will grow as adults, and our overall body type. Base on society standards our appearance will affect the way we are viewed and treated by others from childhood into adulthood. The preferential treatment that one may receive due to their physical appearance will create a superior level of confidence and self-worth that in most cases will continue throughout...
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...ASSIGNMENT 1: CONTRAST BETWEEN PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY AND HUMANISTIC COUNSELLING ASSIGNMENT 2: WHAT IS THE FOCUS ON HUMANISTIC COUNSELLING? LECTURER: PASTOR OWINO PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY Sigmund Freud is credited as the founder of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory. There have been a multitude of variations that have evolved and the term most often used to broadly encompass these approaches is "Psychodynamic." Terms such as: neurosis, conflict, attachment, object relations, unconscious, defense mechanisms, id, ego, superego, drives, libido, transference, counter-transference, and countless more have emerged from this approach. Some of the major approaches within the psychodynamic category are: Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud), Adlerian Psychotherapy (Alfred Adler), Analytical Psychotherapy(Carl Jung), Object Relations (Mahler, Winnicott, Fairbairn, Klein, Gutrip, Kernberg and others), and Self Psychology (Heinz Kohut). Freud's original theories were based on the conflicts that he believed were at the core of human existence. These conflicts emerge from attempts to reconcile our biological selves with our social selves. Aspects of these conflicts are unconscious and influence our behavior without our awareness. Psychodynamic therapies work to make the unconscious conscious so that we can have greater insight into our needs and behavior and therefore more control over how we allow these conflicts to affect us. His therapy...
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...kill her. The psychoanalytical perspective focuses on her unconscious fears and her motives for her thoughts and the behavior of her firing a gun in the air to warn her husband. The cognitive perspectives of she stored the information that he said in the past and at that present time and how it changed her feeling towards her husband and the belief that firing the warning shots would stop him. The Humanistic perspectives shows that she chose to warn her husband giving him a chance to stop because she didn’t want to kill him. In the sociocultural with social interactions we see that many African American people are sentenced quicker for self defense. She choose to just fire warning shots not to be sentenced for murder in self defense. I predict that with this case it will raise a lot of controversy due to the Trayvon and Zimmerman case ending in a not guilty unanimous decision that took two days, when hers took all of 12 minutes for a guilty verdict. It is no guarantee that she will be acquitted of the crime but it a start somewhere. Changing the behavior that with the behavioral perspective she will be rewarded freedom or continue the 20 year sentence. If she is freed her Humanistic perspective will not be going back to her husband.( My...
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...Humanistic and Existential theories work together to emphasis on understanding human experience and to focus on the individual and not the symptom. These theories also give a unique perspective that gives an explanation to the possible levels of one’s needs and the importance of their experience on the way their personality develops. When a person can acknowledge their own potential and strive for overall psychological health it can have a lifelong effect on their personality. “When an individual is dealing with a psychological problem such substance abuse disorder it is viewed as the result of inhibited ability to make authentic, meaningful, and self-directed choices about how to live. Consequently, interventions are aimed at increasing client self-awareness and self- understanding.” (Brief Humanistic Existential Therapies par 2, n.d.) Humanistic and Existential theories describe self-actualization because they share the belief that people have the capacity for self –awareness and choice. Humanistic deals with the ability to accept and grow, and Existential deals with responsibility and freedom, these are quality’s one needs to be able to achieve self-actualization. These theories also focus on free will, conscious decision making, and the exploitation of talents and abilities. According to Abraham Maslow’s humanistic approach a self-actualization person would take advantage of opportunities that are available, and be open to new ideas to improve their quality of life. The common...
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...Biological & Humanistic Approaches to Personality By enwbe1982 | November 2010 Zoom In Zoom Out Page 1 of 4 Biological & Humanistic Approaches to Personality Biological & Humanistic Approaches to Personality When breaking down the differences with how Abraham Maslow used personality and development that consisted of theories based solely on the personality part of human needs. His hierarchy of needs pyramid shows the influences of human needs to the formation of unique individual personality. There are factors of biological needs that influence the formation of the way the personality has an impact role, which shapes relationships by reviewing Maslow’s personality theory. By reviewing the relationships you will be able to see focused similarities and it’s upcoming. Analyzing the aspects that are essential to the theory of humanistic approach with the personality of explanations will enlighten you to the differential views of each individual theory of personality. Describing Humanistic Needs Abraham Maslow shows us how he sees the makeup of individual personality. Each need and stage is based on priority. Maslow's theory shows us the influences of the human needs to personality. Physiological needs; health, food, water, shelter, clothing, sleep, and sex. Coping information is needed to meet these needs. Safety and security, helping information, need to feel safe from physical danger. The ability to have a sense of security, knowing what to expect, is a good example...
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...“Can a humanistic model of counselling be integrated with a cognitive one? Discuss with reference to the work of Rogers and Beck.” In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the main features of humanistic and cognitive behaviour therapies. I will state my ideas on integrating aspects of the two models; discuss any difficulties I foresee and critique with regard to diversity and my own experiences. The humanistic model of counselling is an approach which is grounded in the positive view of humanity and the uniqueness of each individual. It was founded by Carl Rogers in the 1930s and 1940s. It focuses on the belief that we are all born innately striving towards becoming fully functioning, (Rogers, 2004). This approach is non-directive; (Mearns & Thorne, 1999) state: “the importance of rejecting the pursuit of control or authority over other persons.” The relationship of client and counsellor is based on equality with the belief that the client is the authority of their own life and the counsellor is “a guest within the client’s world of experience.” The counsellor will use the core conditions of empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard to enter into the client’s internal frame of reference. The belief with this therapy is that the relationship is all that is needed to effect change and if clients are being accepted unconditionally, they can learn to accept who they are and reconnect with their true selves. Cognitive Therapy (CT) developed by Aaron...
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...Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories Both Humanistic and Existential personality theories provide an understanding of human existence, personality and responsibilities. We will describe in the following paragraphs each, their strengths and limitations, their definitions, and their major contributors. Theories Regarding psychology, the humanists believe one of the most important things to study are humans. Humanistic theories were formed as a rebuttal to psychoanalysis. Humanists believe that we have free will and can decide what we want to do and that we are always striving for excellence and to be the best that we can be. Humanistic and existential theories primarily focus on the dynamics of one’s discovery and journey of self-actualization. Two major contributors were Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, who both believed and took an approach to understanding the evaluation of one’s physical, mental and social condition and positive aspect of one’s personality. (Feist, Feist & Roberts, 2013) In fact, Rogers based his personality theory on the ideas of humanism and called it the person-centered theory. Feist, Feist, and Roberts state that “Rogers postulated two assumptions, one being the formative tendency and the other the actualizing tendency” (p.313). The need to satisfy our hunger, accept one’s self and to express deep emotions are examples of the single motive of actualization which involves the whole person. (2013) The self-concept is one’s view of self...
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...Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories Name PSY/405 Date Teacher University Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories In a perfect world, there would only be one, if not two different types of personality theories that psychologists would have to choose from in order to diagnose and treat their patients with, but variety, as they say, is the spice of life. In addition to that of psychodynamic personality theories, another set of equally important, and perhaps more interesting are that of humanistic and existential theories, made popular by psychologists Carl Rodger and Abraham Maslow. Humanistic and Existential Analysis Individual Personalities Humanistic and Existential theories focus on the different aspects of an individual in his or her journey toward self-actualization. Abraham Maslow’s holistic-dynamic (humanistic) approach focuses on the needs of an individual and how the fulfillment of those needs help or hinder one journey. Although the needs are intrinsic to humans, the progress to the next step is contingent upon the fulfillment, or satisfaction of the prior need (Feist, & Feist, 2009). Carl Rogers’s client-centered theory also includes needs but goes farther to explain the significance of self-awareness in reaching self-actualization. Maslow’s and Rogers encompassing approach toward understanding human motivation included the evaluation of one’s physical, mental, and social conditions as well as the positive aspect of an individual‘s...
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...Introduction Personality theorist are interested in the structure of an individual, how are people “put together”, how do they “work” and how do they “fall apart” (Boeree, n.d). Other personality theorists go as far as saying that they are looking for the essence of life, what it means to be a human being. Since the science of personality can be so complex, many psychologists have dedicated their life to the field of personality, attempting to understand and clarify what makes each individual unique and different from everyone. Several personality theories were born in the course of time, two of those theories of personality are called psychoanalytical and humanistic theories. This paper will further explain each of them, their strengths and limitations, their assumption, amongst other crucial factors for each approach. Psychodynamic Theories Various psychologists contributed to the formation of psychodynamic theories of personality including Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Melanie Klein, Harry S. Sullivan, along with others, yet one of the most influential psychologists in psychodynamic theories was Sigmund Freud. While Freud’s theories were later changed or dismissed, his ideas and research were used by many others and have greatly influenced society as it is currently known; moreover his psychoanalytic theory was the original and primary psychodynamic theory which was adjusted by some of his followers previously mentioned. According to McLeod (2007), the psychodynamic...
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