...transport have a direct impact on port growth and expansion. Therefore, these elements and their recent characteristics must be examined, since they provide the frame of reference in which port reform in Latin America and the Caribbean has been carried out. These factors also determine future port development. A. Globalization, production, trade, and ports 2. Globalization, or the expansion of markets and hence of the economic prospects of societies, is taking place not only because of the supra-national nature of markets, but also because of the flow of foreign investment and the strategies of multinational enterprises. These multinationals today account for two-thirds of global exports of goods and services and nearly 10% of domestic sales worldwide. 3. In this environment of increasing interdependence in the world, the international division of labor is changing as a result of structural changes in trade and unprecedented mobility of international capital. However, while the integration of goods and services and capital is progressing at a rapid pace, integration of the labor market is much slower. In addition, ever more sophisticated technologies are being disseminated, in a framework of spectacular streamlining in communications and telecommunications. The development of information technology has, in turn, boosted productivity and, in many cases, worker income. In general, electronic transactions and communications technology have been the necessary...
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...February 2002 Distance Education Course ML–302.5 Marine Terminal Operations Unit 1 Marine Terminals The three lessons in this unit will cover the topics of: • the role and function of marine terminals • terminal development • operational planning • civil engineering aspects of terminal design. Module B: Certificate in Maritime Logistics Diploma in Shipping Logistics—Jamaica Maritime Institute 1−1 Unit 1: Marine terminals Marine Terminal Operations Unit 1 ...........Activities and expectations Agenda To complete this unit, you will: • Read and study the text in this unit and any assigned passages in the Student Reader. • Apply the information by performing the Activities • Test yourself by doing the Practice Exercises and checking your answers. Resources There is no textbook for this course. All the information you require is in this Study Guide. In addition, your Student Manual lists some books that you may wish to read to expand your knowledge. Learning outcomes When you have completed this unit you will be able to: • • Explain some of the considerations in equipment selection. • Discuss the needs for storage areas. • Discuss safety and emergency response considerations. • 1−2 Describe the role and functions of marine terminals. List the broad categories of studies that are needed in planning a new terminal. Module B: Certificate in Maritime Logistics (Course ML-302...
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...Economics Topic Freight rates have remained low and volatile in the various market segments (container, liquid and dry bulk). What influences freight rates? How has this influenced the demand for port services and the setting of port charges and tariffs? Huda Mohammad Nazmul Student ID: 1120130936 Major: Master’s of Business Management Dalian Maritime University Dalian, China Abstract After the economic crisis in 2007-2008 fiscal years the freight market remained volatile and freight rate remained low in various market segments. The purpose of the study to determine the factors those influence the freight rate and how those influence the demand of port services and setting charges for the port. The depression in market segments affects the supply and demand of the freight of the shipping lines which also has an effect on the demand of port services and setting of port charges and tariffs. The research paper shows the factors that influence the freight rate as well as the influence on the port services and setting charges and tariffs which lead to a change in port operation, reform and regulation. To illustrate the relation among them international trade theory and other historical data has been considered as the evaluations of the paper. In the discussion of different market segments new demands for the port operation and setting charges has been illustrated. Fundamental concepts on port pricing, freight...
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...According to the Ministry of Shipping, Government of India, approximately 95% of the India’s trade by volume, and 70% by value, is moved through maritime transport. India is among the top 20 leading countries having large number of merchant fleets in the world. The Gross Tonnage (GT) under the Indian flag was 10.1 million GT as of 1.09.2010, with as much as 1029 ships in operation. Ports act as an interface between ocean transport and land transport. India has 12 major ports viz. Kolkata (including Dock complex at Haldia), Paradip, Vishakapatnam, Chennai, Ennore, Tuticorin, Cochin, New Mangalore, Mormugao, Jawaharlal Nehru at Nhava, Mumbai, and Kandla, and 187 minor ports. Despite recessionary conditions, traffic handled at major ports has grown on an average by 5.7% in the year 2009-10, over the year 2008-09. However, ports like Haldia (-20.4%), Ennore (-6.9%) and New Mangalore (-3.2%) are few of the main ports that witnessed negative growth in 2009-10. Nevertheless, most of the ports have not achieved their target for the year 2009-10. Mormugao (8.5%), Tuticorin (8.1%) Mumbai (2%), Kandla (2%), and Paradip (1.8%) were the only ports which achieved their growth target for 2009-10. Haldia (-22.1%) and Ennore (-14%) were the two ports which showed huge variation in traffic compared to the traffic targeted in 2009-10. It has been the endeavour of Government of India to consistently enhance the cargo handling capacity of the major ports keeping in view the projected...
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...Authority is the organization responsible for providing the various maritime services required to bring ships alongside land. Terminal is a section of the port consisting of one or more berths devoted to a particular type of cargo handling. • Infrastructure for ship berth; • Sea/ river and land access; - Road/Rail/IWT access • Industrial area. [pic] Ports - nodes to link with other inland transport modes such as highways, railways, and inland waterway systems. Ports not only act as gateways for trade, but also attract agents of commercial infrastructure such as banks and insurance agents, as well as industrial activities. Ideal port or harbor ← Adequate Depth Of Water within the harbour, the approaches, and the entrance channels to accommodate safely the largest vessels expected to use the harbour, at the same time providing adequate protection from the open sea; ← Minimum Interference from tides and currents or, alternatively, structures and facilities designed to compensate for or overcome disadvantageous tides and currents; ← Freedom from fog and ice, or adaptation, such as ice-breaking technology; ← Bottom Characteristics that provide suitable anchorage for vessels within the harbour; ← Adequate Adjacent Land with physical characteristics permitting appropriate development of port terminals, port-oriented industries, and associated facilities and operations Classification ← According to physical condition...
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...logistics, please visit: http://unctad.org/ttl and for the Review of Maritime Transport 2014: http://unctad.org/rmt E-mail: rmt@unctad.org Layout and printed at United Nations, Geneva 1418912 (E)–November 2014–2,062 UNCTADRMT2014 United Nations publication Sales No. E.14.II.D.5 UNITED NATIONS ISBN 978-92-1-112878-9 Photo credit : © Jan Hoffmann To read more and to subscribe to the UNCTAD Transport Newsletter, please visit: http://unctad.org/transportnews U n i t e d n at i o n s C o n f e r e n C e o n t r a d e a n d d e v e l o p m e n t Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 2014 U n i t e d n at i o n s C o n f e r e n C e o n t r a d e a n d d e v e l o p m e n t Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 2014 New York and Geneva, 2014 REVIEW OF MARITIME TRANSPORT 2014 ii NOTE The Review of Maritime Transport is a recurrent publication prepared by the UNCTAD secretariat since 1968 with the aim of fostering the transparency of maritime markets and analysing relevant developments. Any factual or editorial corrections that may prove necessary, based on comments made by Governments, will be reflected in a corrigendum to be issued subsequently. * ** Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Use of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. * ** The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion...
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...as a platform for intermodal transport providing connectivity with the Mainland distribution network. ------------------------------------------------- Challenges The container terminals in Hong Kong have always been competing in productivity and efficiency, but indeed there are challenges faced by the Port. To maintain competitiveness, the container port needs to enhance its productivity and efficiency both on the land side and the quay side. On the land side, the container port has been built with an average of 14 hectares of land per 400 metres berth, which is about 45% below the international standard of 25 hectares for optimal performance. This has resulted in yard congestion especially during peak time, and in turn impacted the truck turnaround times. On the quay side, the transshipment throughput volume via barge operations has been increased nearly 30% in the past 10 years. The increase in barge volume has caused considerable barge waiting time and may disrupt connections with on-forwarding vessels. There is an urgent need for government support to increase the terminal back up land and also increase barge berths in the port area. Focusing on such challenges, the Association has submitted a White Paper to the Government proposing a land allocation policy for rationalization of terminal adjacent land and barge berths so as to facilitate improvement of productivity and efficiency on both land side and quay side The Association believes that the ability to provide...
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...CERTIFICATE IN MARITIME ECONOMICS MODULE ONE Economic Geography of Maritime Transport Dr. Stavros Tsolakis Lloyd's and the Lloyd's crest are the registered trademarks of the society incorporated by the Lloyd's Act 1871 by the name of Lloyd's. CONTENTS WELCOME TO THE COURSE ........................................................................................................ 3 STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE ...................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION TO MODULE 1 ................................................................................................... 7 1. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY ........................................................... 8 1.1 The Function of Shipping .................................................................................................. 8 1.2 The Structure of World Seaborne Trade and the Demand for Shipping Services....................... 8 1.3 The Ton-Mile as a Measurement of Demand for Shipping Services ....................................... 12 2. ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL COMMODITIES ON-BOARD SHIPS .................................................. 14 2.1 Crude Oil Seaborne Trade .............................................................................................. 14 2.2 Other Challenges for Crude oil Transportation ................................................................... 16 2.3 ...
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...Introduction The use of computers to control a particular process in order to increase reliability and efficiency, often through the replacement of employees. For a manufacturer, this could entail using robotic assembly lines to manufacture a product. Automation is the use of control systems (such as numerical control, programmable logic control, and other industrial control systems), in concern with other applications of information technology (such as computer-aided technologies [CAD, CAM], to control industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Processes and systems can also be automated. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the global economy and in daily experience. Engineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications and human activities. Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie beyond the scope of automation. Human-level pattern recognition, language recognition, and language production ability are well beyond the capabilities of modern mechanical and computer systems. Tasks requiring subjective assessment...
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...challenges | | | 1.9 Appropriate solutions | | 3. | Liquefaction | | | 2.1 Liquefaction Process | | | 2.2 Different Liquefaction Techniques | | | 2.3 Liquefaction Process | | | 2.4 Solution to the issues related to Liquefaction of LNG | | 4. | Transportation | | | 3.1 Need of transportation of gas in form of lng | | | 3.2 LNG carrier | | | 3.3 Trading of LNG | | | 3.4 Types of LNG terminals | | | 3.5 Solution to issues related to transportation of lng | | 5. | Regasification | | | 4.1 Regasification Process | | | 4.2 Factors for LNG vaporizer selection process | | | 4.3 Open Rack Vaporisers (ORVS) and its features | | | 4.4 Challenges | | ABSTRACT World primary energy demand is expected to grow by 1.6% per annum over the period 2010 to 2030, which will require 39% additional energy to meet this requirement. The share of oil in energy use will decrease by 2030 , Natural gas share increases and reaches 25.9% of world energy usage. The import of LNG by means of re gasification terminals is an important element needed to meet the current and the future energy demand, globally....
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...pull through. After all, it had recently completed a successful turnaround following the Maersk Line’s first ever annual loss in 2009 and the Group benefited from a diverse holding of activities, which included an oil and gas business. However, Skou needed to assess whether Maersk Line was headed in the right direction, both to be able to compete in this slower market but also once the economy, and global trade, picked up. In 2010 the company had decided to focus on three differentiators to help it maintain its position as the global leader: reliability, ease-of-doing business, and environmental performance. Maersk Line had the ambition of becoming the sustainability leader in an industry that was often criticized for environmental impact, most notably the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from its heavy fuel use. It...
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...degree of the steeps and the radius of the curves and many other things. Factors to be considered when planning for building a road : The highway roads and those which are designed for heavy lift trucks should pass out towns and cities in order to minimize traffic, noise and pollution inside the towns. When planning for a road or roads network it should be done to be capable of serving the future traffic considering the possibilities of the increasing population, number of cars and trucks and the expected increment in moving goods. Roads should be capable of reaching other places in the future especially those places which are expected to form new towns or production places. Main roads should connect between places of production and places of manufacturing, marine ports, air ports and dry ports. Roads should be provided by the necessary traffic signals and instruction. Advantages of the Roads 1- The roads are the...
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... Manashi Roy Soura Shankar De Sourav Manna INTRODUCTION The Indian economy is one of the fastest growing economies in the world; there is huge potential and capabilities. The growth rate of Indian economy is on a sustainably high growth mode. One of the reasons why there is such a rapid growth rate and sustainable too is there is growing domestic market as well as export market in India. Domestic market is increasing due to rise in disposable income and investment in the economy. India is seen amongst world’s youngest country in terms of age of people residing here, most of the citizens approximately 70% are below the age of 35 years. The shift primarily from agrarian to service economy took place in India which also has a huge impact in boosting the developing economy. India is emerging as a service provider to global market, its developed I.T talent and English speaking skill has helped it to grow worldwide. India is moving from an emerging market to an emerged market. The GDP growth of India over the years has shown the development of India’s different sectors like agriculture, construction & service growth. CEMENT INDUSTRY - OVERVIEW The cement industry across the world is getting concentrated and some of the western countries are closing down the production unit of cement because of its harmful effect to the environment. Cement producing countries of world The real estate boom across the globe including India has lead to rise in demand of cement. However...
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...marketing Conversion marketing Stimulation marketing Aggressive marketing Synchronizing marketing The Institute with Societal Vision GOALS OF MARKETING Serial no. 1 2 Enterprise Goals Profitability Growth Marketing Goals Sales revenue maximization Cost minimization Sales growth maximization Product development Market penetration Market development Diversification Innovation Market leadership Consumer satisfaction Brand image Company image 3 4 Market standing Image The Institute with Societal Vision MARKETING ENVIRONMENTS Serial no. Parameters Areas 1 2 3 4 Socio-cultural Politico-legal Technological Economic Consumers and their preferences Government policies and legislation R&D labs, science and technology association and innovation Competitors, suppliers, channel members, industry association and business concern Governments economic policies, savings, consumptions, investments and employment levels The Institute with Societal Vision RESPONSES TO CHALLENGES S.NO. 1 2 3 4 5 Aspect Reengineering Bench marking Total quality management Outsourcing E-commerce From Focus on functional departments Reliance on self improvement Quality control in select areas A physical company making everything inside Attracting customers to stores and selling...
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...partner institutions, coordinated by Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). The joint study programme of 120 ECTS credits (two years full-time) has been obtained at three of the five CoMEM partner institutions: • • • • • Norges Teknisk- Naturvitenskapelige Universitet (NTNU) Trondheim, Norway Technische Universiteit (TU) Delft, The Netherlands City University London, Great Britain Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain University of Southampton, Southampton, Great Britain The first year consists of the first and second semesters of 30 ECTS each, spent at NTNU, Trondheim and Delft University of Technology respectively. The second year allows for specialization in three subjects and during the third semester courses are taken with a focus on advanced topics in the selected area of specialization: • Engineering • Management • Environment In the fourth and final semester an MSc project and thesis have to be completed. The two year CoMEM programme leads to three officially recognized MSc diploma certificates. These will be issued by the three universities which have been attended by the student. The transcripts issued with the MSc Diploma Certificate of each university include grades/marks for each subject. A complete overview of subjects and ECTS credits is included in the Diploma Supplement, as received from the CoMEM coordinating university, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). Information regarding the CoMEM programme...
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