...respond to the following questions and be sure to include examples as well as a personal connection in your response: Summarize the assumptions underlying parent and child relationships and parent education as identified by NEPEM. 1. Parents are primary socializers of their children. 2. Parenting attitudes, knowledge, skills, and behaviors can be positively influenced by parent education efforts. 3. Parenting is a learned skill that can be strengthened through study and experience. 4. Parent education is more effective when parents are active participants in and contributors to their parent education programs. 5. The parent-child relationship is nested within and influenced by multiple social and cultural systems. 6. Programs should be responsive to diversity among parents. 7. Effective parent education may be accomplished by a variety of methods. 8. Both the parent and the child have needs that should be met. 9. The goal of parent education is strengthening and educating the parent (or caregiver) so that he or she is better able to facilitate the development of caring, competent, and healthy children. Describe the National Extension Parent...
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...Chapter 2 Early Childhood Development Theories Abstract Developmental theories are useful towards understanding how children learn and grow, and by what means their trajectories can be supported. Most theorists agree that both biology and experience are key factors that shape developmental outcomes. Risk and protective factors are said to contribute to development and often can be modified through intervention efforts. The prevention model emphasizes a foundation of supports and services aimed to foster healthy development. Keywords Secure base behavior • Emotional regulation • Egocentric • Accommodation • Assimilation • Equilibrium • Zone of proximal development • Positive reinforcement • Negative reinforcement • Punishment • Parenting styles • Modeling • Ecological theory • Risk and protective factors • Prevention model Theories of development provide a framework for thinking about human growth, development, and learning. If you have ever wondered about what motivates human thought and behavior or how personalities form, understanding these theories can provide useful insight into both the individual and societal influences on early development. The next section will briefly review the major developmental theories that help to explain how development unfolds, sources of vulnerability and protection that influence child development, and how the course of development may be altered by prevention and intervention efforts. Understanding factors which may support...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development Five: Infancy and early childhood development There are many aspects that influence a child’s development throughout life. Not only does development start while the fetus is growing, but all through life one’s body continues to develop. The beginning stages are the most important stage, this is were a parent needs to understand the physical and mental factors that affect a child’s development is through observation and interaction. Once an infant is born their brain is like a sponge begins to developed mental changes. Family dynamics can have a major effect on how a child matures and develops he or she grows older. The main impact on development, however, is the five senses that are developed within the child’s brain as it develops. A child’s early childhood can be broke down into two separate categories, they are experience-dependent which is known as cultural-bound and experience-expectant which is known as universal (Berger, 2011). Experience-expectant is where the nervous system is expected to develop a particular manner. The right cognitive growth is reliant on the right environmental exposure. In order for the experience-expectant to be in the proper range of growth is there shouldn’t be any kind of fetal damage to the brain. Family can affect the development of infants and young children through language and physical abuse. During infancy children learn by listening and mimicking what they have observed...
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...Developmental psychologists have long been interested in how parents impact child development. However, finding actual cause-and-effect links between specific actions of parents and later behavior of children is very difficult. Some children raised in dramatically different environments can later grow up to have remarkably similar personalities. Conversely, children who share a home and are raised in the same environment can grow up to have astonishingly different personalities than one another. Despite these challenges, researchers have uncovered convincing links between parenting styles and the effects these styles have on children. During the early 1960s, psychologist Diana Baumrind conducted a study on more than 100 preschool-age children (Baumrind, 1967). Using naturalistic observation, parental interviews and other research methods, she identified four important dimensions of parenting: * Disciplinary strategies * Warmth and nurturance * Communication styles * Expectations of maturity and control Based on these dimensions, Baumrind suggested that the majority of parents display one of three different parenting styles. Further research by also suggested the addition of a fourth parenting style (Maccoby & Martin, 1983). The Four Parenting Styles 1. Authoritarian Parenting In this style of parenting, children are expected to follow the strict rules established by the parents. Failure to follow such rules usually results in punishment. Authoritarian...
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...Introduction Positive parent-child relationships provide the foundation for children’s learning. With parents’ sensitive, responsive, and predictable care, young children develop the skills they need to succeed in life. Early parent-child relationships have powerful effects on children’s emotional well-being (Dawson & Ashman, 2000), their basic coping and problem-solving abilities, and future capacity for relationships (Lerner & Castellino, 2002). Through these interactions, children learn skills they need to engage with others and to succeed in different environments (Rogoff, 2003). They learn how to manage their emotions and behaviors and establish healthy relationships with adults and peers. They also learn how to adjust to new situations and to resolve conflicts .When parents have warm, trusting, and reliable relationships with peers, family, community members, and service providers, they are more likely to have positive relationships with their children. To work toward the Parent, Family, Community and Environment: Positive Parent-Child Relationships Outcome, providers and programs can: provide emotional and concrete support to parents,1.respect diverse parenting styles, 2.value cultural differences and home languages, 3.reinforce the importance of fathers and other co-parents, 4.help parents connect with other parents and community members and resources, and model warm, responsive relationships by engaging in these relationships with parents and other family members ...
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...be subjected to pre-delivery and post-delivery. The negative influence can call a halt in the progression of development. Family dynamics, and parenting styles are direct key influences over the child’s life. The parenting styles will contribute greatly in support in areas like socially, culturally, physically, and mentally. Understanding what parenting style you depict, will cause you to be aware of the effectiveness of the style toward the promotion of among criteria and cognitive development of a child Effect of Families on Development The family’s role on the effects of a child’s growth has more influence on a child’s development from the very early stages of life. Children develop better in a more supportive environment where the families are consistent, observant, and sensitive. Families are in charge of providing critical factors during infancy, such as a supportive comfort, love, facial cueing, interaction, and communication skills, which will improve in the later building of communication and understanding their peers (Berger, 2011). The first line of communication is usually imparted by the immediate family. If the family speaks another language this would be the best time to introduce the language as a foundation stone in the base of their origin. The key perspective is that the family is the vehicle that drives how...
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...Parenting and Delinquency Rates Parenting or more specifically poor parenting is the most prominent cause of delinquency. In class we reviewed many causes of delinquency including family, biology, socioeconomics, peers, diet, early child abuse, and lack of education. In this paper I will try and show how all of these things can be linked back to parenting or lack of parenting. Much of the research I have done talks about family influences on delinquency. However in many cases I think that family is really being used to talk about parenting. In an article about family structure 1 I found discussion of single family households and their likelihood for creating delinquents. But when I look harder I find that it is the parenting or the challenges that single parents face that leads to the delinquency. So in this paper I will try and show that it doesn’t matter what kind of family structure you have it is the parenting you have within that structure that influences child delinquency rates. The textbook references work done by Bruce Wolford and LaDonna Koebel that indicates that chronic underachievers in school are among the most likely to be delinquent. There are lots of additional studies that show how poor academic performance relates to delinquency. What is harder to address is the parent’s role in these academic failures. Involved parents can significantly improve a child’s performance in school. Even parents that didn’t do well in school can help their children...
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...increase in the interest of parenting. Entering any given bookstore there are shelves lined with books that offer information and advice for parents. In today’s world we are exposed with a growing number of television, magazines, websites online, and other forms that are all devoted to the topic of parenting. Given all the new material out there about parenting some controversy has arose when it comes to the different parenting styles and how they affect children, their development, and even their education. While being a parent can be one of the most difficult jobs a person will ever have. It may be especially challenging when the child is in their adolescent years and the years they spend thorough out school. A preschool aged child’s social emotional development can be influenced in many ways; one of which being the early style in which their parent uses to raise them. (Dewar). A study examined the relationship between social emotional development of preschool aged children and four identified parenting styles. Parenting style has been found to predict child well-being in the areas of social competence, academic performance, psychosocial development, and behavior problems (Baumrind). Most parents want their children to become independent, productive and able to cope with the world. Since the 1950s, researchers have studied the effects of various influences in young people’s lives, including parenting (Long). There are many different ways of parenting children. Some are more...
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...| Lecturer Name | Dr F du Toit | PERCENTAGE OBTAINED: __________________________ LECTURER COMMENTS: UNISA GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS LEADERSHIP MASTER OF BUSINESS LEADERSHIP CORPORATE STRATEGY ASSIGNMENT AMALGAMATED REGIONAL TRADING (ART) CASE STUDY KUDZAI LISTER PASIPANODYA 78043824 Date: 29 May 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………….4 1.1. ART Corporation Introduction………………………………………………………4 1.2. ART Corporation Organizational and business structure………………..…..5 2.0 ART’S CORPORATE STRATEGY…………………………………………………………..7 2.1. What is corporate strategy…………………………………………………..………7 2.2. Corporate parenting & corporate strategy…………………………………..…..8 2.2.1. Definition of a corporate parent……………………………………………………8 2.2.2 ART as a Corporate parent………………………………………………………….9 2.2.3 ART’S approach as a corporate parent…………………….……………………12 3.0 ART’S CORPORATE STRATEGY………………………………………………….……..13 3.1. Restructuring…………………………………………………………………………13 3.2. Investment in resources…………………………………………………….……..13 3.3 Strategic alliances…………………………………………….....……………………13 3.4 Marketing………………………………………………………………………………..14 3.5 Expansion and distribution…………………………………………………..………14 3.6 Value Creation………………………………………………………………………..14 3.7 ART’s BCG portfolio analysis……………………………………...
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...RUNNING HEAD: CULTURE AND PARENTING Culture and parenting Introduction Parenting is the first and likely most important mechanism through which culture is reproduced (Cauce, 2008). Every child is born into a certain circumstance and learns through interactions with the surroundings. Parents are generally the first and key people in a child’s life, so it should come as no surprise that parenting has influences on the development of children’s temperament, which later impacts their school performance. This article is going to explore how parenting varies among different ethnic groups including Asian Americans, African American, Latinos, and European Americans. More specifically, what factors should be included when considering the parenting characteristics of a unique ethnic group and what implications might they have for schooling today. Theories Two of the modern theories that are concerned with cultural influences on human development are Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and Ecological Systems Theory proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner. First, Vygotsky’s theory defined culture as the values, beliefs, customs, and skills of a social group. His Sociocultural Theory focuses on how culture is transmitted to the next generation. According to Vygotsky, social interaction – in particular, cooperative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society – is necessary for children to acquire the ways of thinking...
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...Running Head: Research Paper – Effect of Divorce on Parenting Derin Ireyomi 103091991 University of Windsor 02-48-305 Dr. Omorodion Abstract In the past two decades, the trend of divorce and shared custody has increased and affected the lives of almost 57% of couples and their children (Boyan, 2003). Divorces have been known to have a huge effect on parenting practices of both the mother and the father. For the complete and balanced development of children and adolescents, the involvement of both the father and the mother is extremely crucial. From playing and socializing during the primary years to negotiation, monitoring and supervision in early teens, both the mother and father play equal guiding roles in the development of children (Boyan, 2003). Introduction Children who have both parents feel successful, competent and happy, when both parents are involved in their lives (Markham et al, 2012). Conversely, children who live with a single parent are more likely to feel unhappy, depressed, and garner an awkward feeling (Schwartz, 2006). Additionally, couples involved in the divorce also experience a huge effect on their parenting practices and their daily lives as well (Sayer, 2006). This paper will investigate the negative effects divorce has on parenting practices and how it will affect the way the children are raised. Through this, I will analyze the evidence provided in the articles by Sayer (2006), Pruett (1998), Schwartz (2007), and other authors to determine...
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...parent isn’t involved in child education, lack of friends, lack of supervision from parents and community members, lack of religious community * Exosystemic: Medical neglect, less social contact and support, lack of societal/professional knowledge around neglect, low-income neighborhoods, dangerous neighborhoods, lack of resources, lack of childcare, lack of transportation * Macrosystemic: lack of requirement to register sex offenders, lack of social norms around neglect, fear of reporting abuse * https://www.childwelfare.gov/can/factors/protective_factors.cfm * Protective factors * Individual: low stress, coping strategies, positive self-image, sense of purpose, academic skills, involvement in activities, problem solving skills. * Microsystemic: strong parent-child relationships, positive mentors, parent/caregiver well being, living with parents, positive and supportive peers, ability to bond with friends, interactive teachers, positive school environment, stable neighborhoods, * Mesosystemic: community center for children to go to, consistent home visitors, strong cultural values, church group, *...
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...Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Background of the Study In any given classroom and school activity of relatively extended duration and complexity, students’ engagement is never homogeneously high and productive, but rather it fluctuates depending on a number of factors (Mcwayne et al., 2012; Mattingly et al., 2013) such as parental involvement (Ho & Williams, 2008; McNeal, 2009; Jose et al., 2010;). Students engage better in school when parents play a positive role in their learning process (Jackson, 2010; 2011; Green et al., 2012). Students are more likely to make a personal commitment to engage in rigorous learning when they know parents care about how well they do (Kilgore, Snyder & Lentz, 2008; Keyes, 2010). However, despite the crucial role of parents, studies in relation to their involvement remain scarce. Students’ low engagement with academic activities is considered the main reason for dissatisfaction (Kuh, 2009), negative experience, and dropping out of school (Linnenbrink&Pintrich, 2009; Jimmerson, Campos & Greif, 2010). One of the contributory factors is the level of parents’ positive interference to the academic journey of the school (Brookmeyer, Fanti&Henrich, 2008). More significantly, most findings show positive relationship between parental involvement and students’ engagement in school and in the classroom (Dauber & Epstein, 2008; Gorard, Rees &Fevre, 2009;Cotton, 2011;Fantuzzo et al., 2012). Nevertheless, the understanding...
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...behavior from 8 through 18 months and categorize them according to Piagetian and information processing theories. Note that 8 months is included, so you'll need to use the time-line to look back at 8 months for examples. Psychosis is doing just great. He is learning new things every day and showing remarkable motor skills. Developmentally she appears to be progressing well with many of the skills important for his age. He organizes his toys by color or size, has a good memory for the location of previously hidden objects when playing games with us, and is able to solve simple problems with little or no help. 2. Analyze your baby's temperament in more detail at 18 months than you did at 8 months. How would you describe your baby in terms of the five aspects of temperament utilized by the Virtual Child program (activity, sociability, emotionality, aggressiveness vs. cooperativeness, and self control)? Has @NAME's temperament been stable over the first 18 months? A blurb defining and providing examples of the five aspects of temperament is provided at 12 months, but you should seek out further explanations of temperament from your textbook. Explain how the concept of goodness of fit (also discussed in the blurb on infant temperament) applies to your interactions with your child. Emotionally he is happy and easy to deal with. The issue she had with relating more with his mother has abated somewhat, and he seems almost equally comfortable with both of us. He still...
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...Parenting and the different ways it can affect children’s lives: research evidence Policy-makers and commentators often blame ‘bad parenting’ for children’s and young people’s troublesome behaviour. What can research tell us about the influence of parenting, especially the parent-child relationships in millions of ‘ordinary’ families? This paper: ■ Summarises findings from seven reviews of existing research that were commissioned by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation to inform its own Parenting Research and Development programme. ■ Considers parenting from the perspectives of mothers, fathers and children themselves, as well as those of black and minority ethnic parents and families living in poverty with restricted access to support services Editor: David Utting August 2007 www.jrf.org.uk Key points ■ Differences in child temperament, among other factors, demonstrate that flexible, adaptable parenting is more likely to be effective than a ‘one size fits all’ approach. ■ The quality of parent-child relationships shows considerable stability over time. Some dimensions of parenting are important in children’s lives irrespective of age, especially whether relationships are warm and supportive or marked by conflict. ■ Warm, authoritative and responsive parenting is usually crucial in building resilience. Parents who develop open, participative communication, problemcentred coping, confidence and flexibility tend to manage stress well and help their families...
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