...NRS 427V 11/29/2015 Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease that affects mainly the lungs, it is caused by germs that travels through the blood stream and the lymph node, TB is contagious infectious disease and can spread from person to person through the air. It can also affect brain, the kidneys, or the spine. An infected person can die if prompt treatment is not initiated. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria named Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB can be in active or inactive form, if a person with active tuberculosis of the lungs coughs or sneezes, a person who is nearby can inhale the bacteria, a casual or briefed contact with an infectious person may not lead to an infection, It takes long hours of exposure to transmit the infection, unless the contacted person is ill or have a weakened immune system. TB spread easily in a crowded environment. TB is airborne disease and can stay in the air for several hours, depending on the environment. Symptoms includes cough, with bloody sputum, chest pain especially with TB of the lungs, general symptoms of tuberculosis includes malady, weakness, fever, weight lost, excessive night sweat. Other symptoms depends on the part of the body that is affected. TB can be fatal without treatment, it typically affects your lungs, and can spread to other parts of the body through bloodstream, the following complications occurs with untreated infection; Spinal pain, a back pain and stiffness. Joint damage-arthritis that affects the hips and knees. Meningitis...
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...Tuberculosis also known as TB, is a serious disease that affects millions of people world-wide each year. This respiratory illness usually infects the lungs, although it can affect any part of body or both at the same time. The agent that causes TB is mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacteria can be found easily in the environment such as soil and water but M. tuberculosis can only survive in its human hosts. About one-third of the human population has tuberculosis. This highly contagious disease is spread through droplets in the air when an actively infected person coughs, spits, talks, sings, or sneezes and an uninfected person is close and catches the bacteria by inhaling it. A large majority of those infected do not have symptoms, which is known as latent tuberculosis. Ten percent of those with latent TB developed an active infection in their lifetime and about half of those with active TB will die from the disease. Symptoms may be mild the first few weeks or months of the disease, easily spreading to others due to how highly contagious it is. The farthest back scientists have discovered TB is 2400BC through the spinal fragments of ancient Egyptian mummies. It was also found in bone fragments in South American from 750BC. Records prior to the 19th century have described this disease which then was also called consumption, white plague, dread disease, or the king’s evil. The spread of TB reached a peak during the 19th century Industrial Revolution in...
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...Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs but can also involve other organs. Tuberculosis is often called TB and was called consumption in the past. This disease once ranked among the most common causes of death in the world. Today, improved methods of prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment have greatly reduced both the number of people who get the disease and the number of people who die from it. However, tuberculosis remains a major concern in developing countries where these improved methods are not widely available. Tuberculosis strikes people of all ages and races. Those at greater risk are homeless or undernourished people, and those with immune systems weakened by diseases, such as cancer or AIDS, or by HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The disease can also afflict animals, especially such livestock as cattle, hogs, and poultry. The disease is caused by rod-shaped bacteria called tubercle bacilli. Tubercle bacilli belong to a genus (group) of bacteria called Mycobacterium. They are aerobes—that is, they must have oxygen to live. How tuberculosis affects the body In most cases, a person becomes infected with tubercle bacilli by inhaling tiny droplets of moisture that contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. These droplets form when a person with tuberculosis coughs or sneezes. Infection also can result from eating food contaminated with the bacteria or from drinking milk from cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis bacteria. Such...
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...Epidemiology of Tuberculosis Jennifer Shanley Grand Canyon NRS 427 March 15, 2014 Epidemiology of Tuberculosis One of the world’s deadliest diseases, tuberculosis (TB), affects over one third of the world’s population. According to the CDC, in 2012 there were nearly 9 million people that were affected with this disease (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014). Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This is a disease that affects not only the lungs but may also affect other parts of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. This disease is preventable as well as curable by can also be deadly if not treated. When a patient presents with TB they may have complaints of having a bad. cough that lasts for three or more weeks, pain in the chest, or may cough up blood or sputum (CDC, 2014). They may also present with symptoms such as weakness or fatigue, weight loss, loss of appetite, fever, or chills (CDC, 2014). The transmission of TB occurs from person to person and is spread by airborne droplet nuclei (Cleveland Clinic, 2014). An example of how this is spread would be through the air by coughing, sneezing, singing, laughing, or talking. These droplets remain suspended in the air for many hours and are inhaled and trapped in the airway or alveoli of the person that was exposed (Cleveland Clinic, 2014). After being exposed to the bacteria that causes TB the person may have mild symptoms and may not seek treatment right away...
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...Rupinder Kaur Gurm Rhonda Tanner NRS-427V Grand Canyon University 06 November 2015 TUBERCULOSIS Tuberculosis which is also known as TB is a communicable disease that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Which most commonly affect the lungs. Tuberculosis is spread via droplets from person to person from The throat and lungs of people who have the active disease. When person with active disease coughs, Sneezes or speaks TB bacteria travels through air and enter the other person. In healthy people Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection does not cause any symptoms, due to the person's high Immunity, that works as a wall off the bacteria. TB bacteria can live in the body without a person Making sick, and the person cannot spread TB infection, it called as Latent TB infection. TB bacteria becomes present in the after entering the body and increases in number. The individual gets sick with Tuberculosis after having latent TB infection. TB bacteria usually stays in the lungs. Symptoms of tuberculosis includes: 1. Night sweats, fever. 2. Coughing or coughing up sputum/blood. 3. Chest pain, weakness, weight loss. 4. Chills, 5. Loss of appetite. Risk Factors of Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis spread easily, and anyone can get infected with TB. High risk people are the people who Were infected with TB bacteria before, and people with low immunity due to medical conditions. Some Other risks are: 1. Contact with a person infected with TB. 2. Visited a country...
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...Description Causes Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria tubercle bacillus or mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria was discovered by a microbiologist Robert Koch in 1882. Transmission When a person who is infected with TB exhale, sneezes, cough, speaks or sings tiny droplets of fluid containing tubercle bacilli are released into the air. The mist, or aerosol is inhaled through the nasal passage. The bacteria can stay in the air for several hours. A fetus can be infected with tuberculosis by inhaling or swallowing the amniotic fluid of an infected mother. Once inhaled tubercle bacilli reach the alveoli and are spread by the lymph vessels to nearby lymph nodes. The bacilli moves through the blood vessels to distant organs. They may become inactive or latent or they may cause the active disease. The tissue damage is caused by the reaction of the person’s tissue to its presence. After several weeks the host develops an immune response to the bacilli, cells attack the bacilli and permit the initial damage to heal and prevent future disease permanently. Being infected with the bacteria does not mean that the person is contagious or ill. They might have symptoms of the disease. The chest x-ray will remain negative. However they can become ill after many years. Symptoms The symptoms of Tuberculosis disease are weight loss, fever, night sweats, coughing, chest...
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...Paper This will paper discuss one of the deadly disease in the world call Tuberculosis (TB). The goal is to prevent the disease and prevent the spread of the disease from the teaching that the community health nurse will provide. An individual can die if TB is left untreated. Active Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. This respiratory disease that in most common in the lungs. (World Health Organization, 2014). Other parts of the body are affected by TB is the brain which causes tuberculosis meningitis, genitourinary TB, gastrointestinal TB, tuberculosis lymphadenitis, cutaneous TB, Uterus ovarian TB and Osteo articular skeletal bone and joint TB(articles base, 2008). It is curable and preventable. TB is contagious and is transmitted through the air from a person with the active respiratory disease and then another person inhale this infectious droplet. Active TB symptom from the lung are coughing, and with bloody sputum present sometimes, weakness, chest pain, fever, weight loss and night sweats. Once the germs enter the air it takes only a few of them to infect another person (World Health Organization, 2014). People with active TB usually have positive TB skin test and blood test. The chest x-ray is usually positive and positive sputum culture (Centered for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Latent Tuberculosis Another form of TB is called Latent TB infection. This TB have...
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...How White Plague Continues in the 21st Century DeAnne Smith Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health 427V Jude Belmonte October 25, 2015 How White Plague Continues in the 21st Century There are many names people have used for tuberculosis (TB) over the years, white plague and consumption being a couple. It is believed that the human form of tuberculosis is less than 6,000 years old and originated in Africa. TB spread along the trade routes from Africa to other parts of the world. It was not until the 1880’s that TB became known as an infectious disease spreading from person to person. This paper discusses what the disease tuberculosis is, how it is spread, and who is most likely to acquire the disease. Then it will explain some of the conditions that allow this infectious disease to continue in the 21st Century. Finally, the role of the community health nurse will be discussed. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) tuberculosis is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium usually affects the lungs but can attack any part of the body. If active TB disease is not treated it will usually kill the individual and spread to others. “About one third of the world’s population is infected with TB bacteria. Only a small proportion of those infected will become sick” ("10 Facts," n.d., para. 1). TB if inactive is called latent TB infection (LTBI) while the active form is referred to as TB disease. The difference...
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...drug. Therefore, antimicrobial resistant infections have risen drastically throughout the years around the world. The reason for this...
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...Tuberculosis What is TB? TB bacterium under the microscope. TB bacterium under the microscope. TB is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It affects the lungs mostly but can cause symptoms in your skin or other organs. TB is passed on from coughs and sneezes where the bacterium is carried in the air, a third of the population of the world is infected with the tuberculosis bacterium but only one in 10 of these people will go on to develop the disease thanks to your body's immune system, which fights the infection, and usually destroys the germs once it is inhaled. The immune systems that do fight off the bacteria successfully forms a defensive shield around the bacteria and will stay in the body but you won’t suffer from any of the symptoms of tuberculosis this is called latent TB. If your immune system fails to destroy the bacteria Tb will infect the lungs first (pulmonary Tb) and then usually the glands that are part of the immune system. TB can also cause meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord), though this is very rare. Where is tuberculosis most common in? A graph showing the top ten countries suffering from non-HIV TB deaths. Eight of the countries located in Africa and the other two from Asia. A graph showing the top ten countries suffering from non-HIV TB deaths. Eight of the countries located in Africa and the other two from Asia. Most cases of TB occur in developing countries in...
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...Epidemiology Paper: Tuberculosis Sara Abayneh NRS – 427V Grand Canyon University 12/22/2014 Tuberculosis is a multi-systematic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, a rod-shaped bacterium, which most commonly affects the lungs, as well as any part of the body such as kidney, spine, lymph nodes, bones and, brain. According to CDC (2014), the universal symptoms of TB disease includes sickness, weight loss, weakness, fever and night sweat. The signs of lung (pulmonary) TB also includes coughing, with or without blood, and chest pain. This silent killer disease is primarily airborne, spreading from person to person when tiny microscopic droplets of germs are released into the air when an individual with vigorous tuberculosis infection of the lungs or esophagus coughs, sneezes, communicates, or laughs. These microorganisms can remain alive in the air for some hours, depending on the conditions of the environment (WHO, 2014). Severity of TB ranges from minor to severe complication, which may lead to death. Some severe impediments include damaged lung functions, bone pain, meningitis, kidney and/or liver malfunction or unusual disturbances. According to Mayo Clinic (2014), medications are vital for TB treatments, however if taken much longer time than other bacterial infections for TB treatment antibiotics must be taken for six - nine months where the exact drugs of lengths treatment depend on age, general condition, medicine conflict, the system of TB and...
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...Tuberculosis Crossing International Borders Community Health Task 2 Christine McGahey Western Governors University Tuberculosis Crossing International Borders Tuberculosis is a potentially infectious disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium that mainly affects the lungs, but can attack other parts of the body such as the brain, kidneys and spine. This disease, if not treated properly, can be deadly. Tuberculosis (TB) is spread through the air via droplets that enter the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks and is inhaled by a person nearby. A person infected with TB may or may not have symptoms and not everyone will get sick. A person with Latent TB has the Mycobacterium living within their body but their body is able to fight the bacteria and prevents them from getting sick. The person with Latent TB is not infectious at that time but if a person’s immune system goes down and the body is no longer able to fight off the bacteria the patient will become ill and then will become infectious to others. This is called Active TB Disease. A person does not always show signs of being sick and may be infectious without even knowing. TB symptoms include a cough lasting 3 weeks or longer, bloody sputum, fatigue, night sweats, decreased appetite and fiver with chills. Treatment can include taking a medication regimen of INH and Rifampin for up to 9 months. Testing for TB can be done in several ways. A TB skin test can be done to see if a person has...
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...Tuberculosis: A Communicable Disease What is Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacterium, and can be deadly if not treated. It is one of the world's leading killers and has been around as long as man has been on this earth. Besides damaging the lungs and kidneys, it can also affect lymph nodes and spine. TB is also highly contagious and can be spread from person to person when those that are infected speak, sneeze or cough. These droplets can hang in the air for several hours, making it more likely that the infection can be spread Because many people that contract the disease show no symptoms and do not get sick, it can difficult to immediately track and stop the disease. Close friends and family members are the most likely to become infected due to the long times spent in enclosed spaces. Some that are infected never develop active TB, but instead, have latent TB infection. This form of infection is not infectious, but it can become infectious if the disease progresses. 2-3 million people die of TB every year (Draggan 2013) with the majority of them coming from developing countries. Environmental Factors Many of the risk factors are linked with poverty, air pollutants, overcrowded living spaces, among other factors. TB is second only to HIV/AIDS as a global burden and is continuing to climb in several parts of the world. Another factor that can be attributed to the spread of this disease is the failure of those infected to...
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...Tuberculosis ---------- Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by a germ (bacterium) called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This germ primarily affects the lungs and may infect anyone at any age. In the United States, the number of TB cases steadily decreased until 1986 when an increase was noted; TB has continued to rise since. Today, ten million individuals are infected in the U.S., as evidenced by positive skin tests, with approximately 26,000 new cases of active disease each year. The increase in TB cases is related to HIV/AIDS, homelessness, drug abuse and immigration of persons with active infections. How is TB Contracted? TB is a contagious or infectious disease that is spread from person-to- person. A person is usually infected by inhaling the germs which have been sprayed into the air by someone with the active disease who coughs. However, inhaling the germ does not usually mean you will develop active disease. A person's natural body defenses are usually able to control the infection so that it does not cause disease. In this case, the person would be infected, but not have active disease. Only about 10% of those infected will actually develop TB in their lifetimes. Active disease can occur in an infected person when the body's resistance is low or if there is a large or prolonged exposure to the germs that overcome the body's natural defenses. The body's response to active TB infection produces inflammation which can eventually damage the lungs. The amount...
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...People with advanced HIV infection are vulnerable to infections and malignancies that are called 'opportunistic infections' because they take advantage of the opportunity offered by a weakened immune system. A partial list of the world's most common HIV-related opportunistic infections and diseases includes: Bacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, MAC, bacterial pneumonia and septicaemia (blood poisoning) Protozoal diseases such as toxoplasmosis, microsporidiosis, cryptosporidiosis, isopsoriasis and leishmaniasis Fungal diseases such as PCP, candidiasis, cryptococcosis and penicilliosis Viral diseases such as those caused by cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex and herpes zoster virus HIV-associated malignancies such as Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Different conditions typically occur at different stages of HIV infection. In early HIV disease people can develop tuberculosis, malaria, bacterial pneumonia, herpes zoster, staphylococcal skin infections and septicaemia. These are diseases that people with normal immune systems can also get, but with HIV they occur at a much higher rate. It also takes longer for a person with HIV to recover than it takes for someone with a healthy immune system. When the immune system is very weak due to advanced HIV disease or AIDS, opportunistic infections such as PCP, toxoplasmosis and cryptococcosis develop. Some infections can spread to a number of different organs, which is known as 'disseminated' or 'systemic'...
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