...Critically evaluate the research evidence that suggests HRM can (and does) contribute to improvements in organisational performance The distinctive feature of HRM is its assumption that improved performance is achieved through the people in the organization.’ (Guest, 1997) important therefore for performance improvement is that the organisation makes policies that would facilitate Human Resources at work, it could be assumed that Human Resource would have a substantial impact on the business performance. When the Human Resource Management journal was launched in 1990, Guest (2007) claims “it was able to capture a rising wave of interest in human resource management and in particular the relationship between human resource management (HRM) and performance”. Throughout the decade many authors provided sound evidence about a positive link between HRM and performance, including Huselid (1995) and Arthur (1994). Almost a decade later two major reviews of the topic were carried out by Boselie et al (2005) and Combs et al (2006) who both confirmed many of the journals signified an association, but also concluded that evidence of the link between performance and HRM was of an “association rather than a causation” Guest (2007). Both reviews also claimed there was insufficient evidence to explain why there was an association. The major problem as Guest (1997) states we need “a theory about HRM, theory about performance and a theory about how they are linked”. The aim of this...
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...organisational effectiveness by obtaining better performance from people, getting them to work well together, improving organisational processes such as the formulation and implementation of strategy and the achievement of high quality and levels of customer service, and facilitating the management of change. (Coens and Jenkins, 2002). According to CPID, Performance management has a significant role to play in enhancing organisational performance by: * ensuring everyone understands their contribution to organisational goals and objectives * ensuring each individuals understanding what is expected of them and has the skills and support to achieve this * Driving engagement * Ensuring effective communication throughout the organisation and linking of objectives * Enhancing the...
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...The key function of HRM that this essay will explore is the impact Employee Relations has in the way in which HR operates in many departments. Human resource Management is department which most businesses use as a means of enabling people’s capabilities in order to achieve a critical competitive advantage that’s attained through a distinctive set of integrated employment policies, programmes and practices. (Bratton &Gold 2007).This essay will provide an in depth discussion of components and the key players involved in Employment Relations that are seen in organizations today, as well as the importance of the integration of other key HRM practices and the management of the organisation as a whole. As well as examining the key HR functions I will also analyse the key models, theories and concepts that have a direct impact on HRM such as the Fombrun, Harvard and Warwick models that are seen to be used in many different organisations today. Employee Relations is a collective term in the Human Resources function that includes employee engagement within the workplace, values the employees’ rights to be part of trade unions. It also sets in stone in most organisations the employment legislation as well as managing grievance and disciplinary actions. Employment Relations is regarded as a relatively new term as it has previously was known as industrial relations conversely it does not have the same standards and equality as Employment Relations has in the Human Relations workplace. ...
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...the Human Resource Management (HRM) developed from that process. A brief discussion on the development of the ‘factory system’ and a description of the employee working conditions within these ‘factory systems’ will be discussed. Also included will be an outline on how these ‘factory systems’ operated and what this meant for the employees. The development of the ‘Welfare Tradition’ will be discussed and how it relates the Human Resource Management of today. The role the ‘welfare officers’ played in businesses and the changes that was brought about will also be discussed. After the ‘Welfare Tradition’ came the ‘Scientific’ movement. The changes in businesses that the ‘Scientific Movement’ brought about will be looked at. F.W Taylor’s ‘Principles of Scientific Management’ will be explored and the affects his principles had on businesses. The ‘Behavioural Science’ movement will be discussed along with Elton Mayo’s ‘Human Relation School of Thought’ and his experiment widely known as the ‘Hawthorn Studies’. The impact this had on businesses and the affect this had on the managers and workers will be included. The growth of trade unions and the affect they had on employers and employees will be discussed along with Jeffrey Pfeffer’s seven key HRM practices and a brief analysis of their meaning. Included in this essay will be a brief outline of HRM and its function within an organisation with which one is familiar with. In this case the organisation is Tech Group Europe,(a West Pharmaceutical...
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...related to links between corporate strategies and HRM and identify issues which organisations need to address that make such a link work effectively in aligning HRM and corporate goals Over the years, there has been increased recognition and awareness that business needs to match its business strategies according to the human resource functions and practices. The main reason behind this is that economy has changed from manufacturing based to knowledge based economy. Many organizations’ competitive advantage now stems more from their human assets (Bal et al., 2013). This concept of integrating business strategy and human resource management is called strategic human resource management where it gradually became well known in the 1980s (Azmi, 2011) This paper discusses evidences related to links between corporate strategies and human resource management and issues that needs to be identified for the link to work effectively. According to Liao (2005), “a strategy is an integrated and coordinated set of commitments and actions designed to exploit core competencies and gain competitive advantage”. Whereas, strategic human resource management involves creating and applying a set of internally consistent guidelines and practises that safeguard a firm’s human capital, which directly contributes to the achievement of its corporate goals (Baird & Meshoulam, 1988). Bal et al. (2013) describe this approach of linking business concept and HRM practices as “bridging” between business strategy...
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...Scientific or Closed management, Human Relations or Semi open system, Open System or Contingency system 1.2 Personnel management/ Personnel Manager 1.3 The genesis of Human Resource Management(HRM)/Defining Human Resource Management 1.4 What is ‘Hard’ and ‘Soft’ HRM? 1.5 The Debate between Human Relations(HR) and Human Resource Management(HRM) 1.6 The Human Resource Manager and his role 2.0 Attempting a framework for Human Resource Management(HRM) 2.1 Using HRM as a style, a strategy and an outcome 2.2 Is HRM a restatement of Personnel Management? 2.3 Is HRM a new managerial discipline? 2.4 HRM as a resource-based dimension of management 2.5 The Strategic and international possibilities of HRM 3.0Using some models of HRM to critically assess HRM “Hard” and “Soft” Approaches. 3.1The Harvard Model 3.2The Michigan Model 3.3Guest comparative models 3.4The ‘Choice Model’ and its benefits. 4.0The influence of senior management and their Effectiveness 4.1 policy makers 4.2 senior managers and their frames of reference 4.3 The more effective the better the policies 4.4 The Japanese example 5.0 Conclusion, limitations and proposals 5.1HRM a widespread contemporary, evolving & contingent tool 5.2The ‘softness’ of HRM, “bundles” and performance 5.3 Holistic thinking, right and egalitarian based HRM 1.0Introduction, Perspectives in Management and the genesis of Human Resource Management. Human Resource Management is increasingly considered a contemporary development that continues to reshape...
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...competitive advantage Jennifer O’ Hagan Table of Contents How can good HRM practice become a source of competitive advantage for organisations in the retail sector? 3 Introduction: 3 Definitions: 3 Main functions of a HRM system: 4 Key functions of a HRM system: 6 Learning and development and performance management: 6 Induction: 6 Staff appraisals/review systems: 7 Hertzberg Two factor theory 8 Motivational factors 8 Hygeine factors 8 HRM eveloution 9 Why is HRM such an important tool in organisations today? 10 References 11 How can good HRM practice become a source of competitive advantage for organisations in the retail sector? Introduction: The purpose of this study is to discuss how good HRM (human resource management) practice can become a source of competitive advantage for organisations in the retail sector. To help me examine this, I will explain what defines HRM and the main functions of a HRM system. I will also examine why it is such an important tool for many organisations today. Definitions: Human Resourse Management has been defined as ‘a strategic approach to managing employment relations between employee and employers, which emphasises that leveraging peoples capabilities is critical to achieving competitive advantage, acheived through a distinctive set of integrated employment practices.’ ‘Strategy denotes an activity that organisations perform in order to accomplish its goals.’ (Bratton & Gold, 1999) This means...
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...Teaching and Learning Strategy 6 7 Assessment 7 International Human Resource Management 2 University of London Course Introduction and Overview Centre for Financial and Management Studies 3 1 Course Objectives This course aims to introduce you to the study and practice of International Human Resource Management (IHRM). To benefit from this, you need, of course, to have a basic understanding of Human Resource Management (HRM) itself. HRM has developed from personnel management, but instead of concentrating primarily on the hiring and firing of staff, it is the strategic and coherent approach to the overall management of an organisation’s most valued assets – the people working there who contribute to the objectives of the business1. Its main aim is to develop personnel policies that improve employee relations at work. This course will, therefore, begin with an examination of the history and nature of Human Resource Management, before embedding it in its international context. In Unit 1, you will learn about the main tasks involved in HRM: • human resource planning • job...
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...Chapter 1 Human Resource Management HRM Activities HRM involves the acquisition, development, reward and motivation, maintenance and departure of anorganisation's human resources. To do this successfully HRM must do all of the following: •Job analysis •Human resource planning •Employee recruitment •Employee selection •Performance appraisal •Human resource development Career planning and development •Compensation • Benefits • Industrial relations •Health and safety programs •Manage diversity What is strategy? 'Strategy defines the direction in which an organisation intends to move and establishes the framework for action through which it intends to get there.' The purpose of strategy is to maintain a position of advantage bycapitalising on the strengths of an organisation and minimising its weaknesses. To do this, an organisationmust identify and analyse the threats and opportunities present in its external and internal environments. What is strategic management? Strategic management is the process whereby managers establish an organisation's long-term direction, setspecific performance objectives, develop strategies to achieve these objectives in the light of all the relevantinternal and external circumstances and undertake to execute the chosen action plans. The aims of strategicmanagement are to help the organisation to achieve a competitive advantage and to ensure long-term successfor the organisation. Components of strategic management Strategic management involve...
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...What is Human Resource Management? Human Resource Management (HRM) involves the practice of managing people and has been practiced since the first century “with Columella, a Roman farmer and former soldier whose De Rustica featured one of the earliest tracts on people management” (Rowley and Jackson, 2011 p.xx). HRM covers a broad spectrum of employee related affairs, ranging from selection and recruitment to training and development, employee reward, and performance management (Beardwell and Clark, 2010). Some of the objectives of Human Resource (HR) are to ensure staff motivation, to effectively manage change in the organisation and most importantly to maintain good employee/employer relationship. This essay seeks to give a general overview on the origins and meaning of HRM, reviewing the main models of HRM, the link between HRM and performance, and finally assessing the impact of HRM in multinational corporations. The origins of HR in the UK traces back to the 80’s when government reforms were been implemented to reshape the framework of industrial relations in the country. Due to “the restructuring of the economy” there was a decline in manufacturing industries, a “rise the service sector” and an increase in “new industries based on high tech products and service” (Beardwell and Clark, 2010 p.7). The economic changes were promoted by “the political climate of Thatcherism” through “entrepreneurialism and antiunion legislations which encouraged firms to introduce new labour...
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...Measuring the impact of HRM on organisational performance Anastasia A. Katou University of Macedonia (GREECE) akatou@uom.gr Received September 2008 Accepted December 2008 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of HRM on organisational performance in the context of Greece. Data were collected from 178 organisations using a questionnaire survey in the Greek manufacturing sector, and analysed using the ‘structural equation modelling’ methodology. The results indicated that the relationship between HRM policies (resourcing and development, compensation and incentives, involvement and job design) and organisational performance is partially mediated through HRM outcomes (skills, attitudes, behaviour), and it is influenced by business strategies (cost, quality, innovation). Thus, the contribution of this study for academics and practitioners is that HRM policies associated with business strategies will affect organisational performance through HRM outcomes. Keywords: HRM policies, organisational performance, Greece 1 Introduction Over the last ten years significant steps forward have been made in identifying the HRM – performance relationship. However, serious gaps in our understanding still remain with respect to the causal ordering of the variables involved in the HRM – performance relationship (Purcell, Kinnie, Hutchinson, Rayton, & Swart, 2003; Wright, Gardner, Moyniham, & Allen, 2005). Specifically, in analysing the impact of HRM on organisational...
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...management; and explain the functions of HR, and responsibilities and new roles of HR practitioners. Structure 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Introduction Concept of HRM Objectives of HRM Human Resource Functions Summary Self Assessment Questions Further Readings 2.1 INTRODUCTION Human resource management (HRM) is an approach to the management of people, based on four fundamental principles. First, human resources are the most important assets an organisation has and their effective management is the key to its success. Second, this success is most likely to be achieved if the personnel policies and procedures of the enterprise are closely linked with, and make a major contribution to, the achievement of corporate objectives and strategic plans. Third, the corporate culture and the values, organisational climate and managerial behaviour that emanate from that culture will exert a major influence on the achievement of excellence. This culture must, therefore, be managed which means that organisational values may need to be changed or reinforced, and that continuous effort, starting from the top, will be required to get them accepted and acted upon. Finally, HRM is concerned with integration - getting all the members of the organisation involved and working together with a sense of common purpose. 2.2 CONCEPT OF HRM HRM is a strategic approach to the acquisition, motivation, development and management of the organisation’s human resources. It is a specialised field that attempts...
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...Personnel Review HR outsourcing: threat or opportunity? Jeroen Delmotte Luc Sels Article information: To cite this document: Jeroen Delmotte Luc Sels, (2008),"HR outsourcing: threat or opportunity?", Personnel Review, Vol. 37 Iss 5 pp. 543 - 563 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483480810891673 Downloaded on: 27 September 2014, At: 02:58 (PT) References: this document contains references to 65 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 10667 times since 2008* Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Jean Woodall, William Scott#Jackson, Timothy Newham, Melanie Gurney, (2009),"Making the decision to outsource human resources", Personnel Review, Vol. 38 Iss 3 pp. 236-252 John Hindle, (2005),"HR outsourcing in operation: critical success factors", Human Resource Management International Digest, Vol. 13 Iss 3 pp. 39-42 Peter Brown, (2010),"The power of HR outsourcing", Strategic HR Review, Vol. 9 Iss 6 pp. 27-32 Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by 131740 [] For Authors If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.com Emerald...
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...DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MEASURE THAT EXAMINES ATTITUDES TOWARDS e-HRM PRACTICES by Lisa Shane submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the subject INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANISATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: MR H VON DER OHE MARCH 2009 Student number: 33450625 STATEMENT I declare that “DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MEASURE THAT EXAMINES ATTITUDES TOWARDS e-HRM PRACTICES” is my own work and that all sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. …………………… ..…………………… SIGNATURE DATE (MRS L SHANE) ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS So many people have come along this journey of personal and academic development with me. While completing this dissertation, I have had the greatest support and encouragement from many. I would like to express my gratitude to the following people: My wonderful husband, Bryan, who has shown such patience and understanding during this trying time. I would not have been able to accomplish what I have without you holding my hand the whole way through. Thank you for helping me realise that I could do it. My promoter, Mr. Hartmut von der Ohe, who has consistently provided encouragement and support, and given me the extra push that is needed to get through the writing of this dissertation. Also for having the extra energy and pushing me when I had all but given...
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...Learning Organisations Moving towards a learning organization is something done BY people, not something done TO people or FOR people by someone else. So, the role of HR has to be in encouraging, facilitating, and supporting a move towards learning organizations. HR can never accomplish this themselves. Then, if executives want to move towards a learning organization, they should direct their operating units to do so, and direct HR to move into a supportive role. If it's the other way around, where HR gets the responsibility, it never works. Knowledge management (KM) "any practice or process of creating, acquiring, capturing, sharing and using knowledge, wherever it resides, to enhance learning and performance in organisations (Scarborough 1999). Knowledge management involves converting knowledge sources by classifying related information then circulating to make the information to take place. Not all information is knowledge or all knowledge is important. According to Blackler (1995), "knowledge is multifaceted and complex, implicit and explicit, physical and mental, verbal and encoded". He also categorises knowledge in four as: embedded (technological - collective), enculturel (Values, beliefs - collective), embodied (practical knowledge - individual), and embraced (theoretical understanding - individual). Contrast on Blackler, Nonaka (1991) proposes that knowledge could be either individual or collective, cannot be both. Yet another argument comes from Scarborough and Carter...
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