...Essay title: opportunities and challenges that the Internet had brought In 2006, the total e-commerce spending by customers and businesses would reach and even surpass five trillion Dollars[1] according to e-marketer (2004). This astonishing number confirms that e-commerce and e-business must be taken into consideration now by firms in order to be competitive. Even if e-commerce and e-business seem to be rather new phenomena for customers, that is to say clients have not been used to buy online for a long time; the Internet has already a long history. In the late sixties[2] (1969), the American department of defence created ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) group in order to install secure networks among computers. In 1973, Great Britain is connected to ARPANET. Then in 1984, JANET: joint academic network, is installed in United Kingdom. But the big step is the introduction in 1990 of the World Wide Web, which is considered to be one of the most significant contributions to business activity. By the end of 1992, the Internet and the World Wide Web have already more than one million users over the world. In 1995, many elaborated browsers are being developed and created. Today, one can say we belong to the Internet generation, for in 2000; more than twenty million websites were registered in over one hundred fifty countries. Thus, this quick historic shows that the Internet is not new and has known a long evolution within fifty years. From an internal...
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...particular context. This research will contribute by presenting a conceptual model for supply chain performance that is relevant to small and mediumsized businesses that predominate Taiwan. INTRODUCTION Supply chain management (SCM) is “a key strategic factor for increasing organizational effectiveness and for better realization of organizational goals such as enhanced competitiveness, better customer care and increased profitability” (Gunasekaran et al. 2001, p. 71). The major goals of SCM are to minimize non-value-added activities and associated investment cost and operating cost, increase customer responsiveness and flexibility in the supply chain, and enhance bottom- line performance and cost competitiveness (Stewart 1995). A recent study conducted by Petrovic- Lazarevic and Sohal (2002) reported that effective...
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...International Business School Hanze University of Applied Sciences Dutch Food Company Pursuing the Chinese Market Research paper Authors: Nicole Elze, Gediminas Gargasas, Weili Gu, Francia Solórzano Class: MIBM Group A, 2015 - 2016 Group name: SEHCH Date: 11 January 2016 Place: Groningen 0 Abstract The consumer demand for high quality healthy food in East China is increasing and is thus attractive for businesses in the food industry. This paper assessed the Chinese food market from a perspective of a Dutch food company, which is willing to export. Four aspects of international business were covered, namely the involvement in international markets, value chain, dynamic capabilities and marketing. Both perspectives, current theoretical body of knowledge and most recent market information, have been combined to provide a complete and current situation of the food market in China. In the current literature, little is found regarding the Chinese consumer behavior especially towards foreign high quality food. The paper presents the most relevant information on four aspects of international business with an additional focus on marketing and potential clients and distributors in order to lay a foundation for any food exporter willing to export to China. 1 Table of contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Methodology .....
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...Piyanath Maneechot School of Business, University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce and Suthawan Chirapanda School of Business, University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce E-mail: suthawan_chi@utcc.ac.th 41 FACTORS AFFECTING BEHAVIORAL INTENTION TO PURCHASE LOW–COST AIRLINE E-TICKET IN YHAILAND by Piyanath Maneechot School of Business, University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce and Suthawan Chirapanda School of Business, University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce E-mail: suthawan_chi@utcc.ac.th Abstract Purpose - The purpose of this research aims to investigate the factors that affecting behavioral intention to purchase low-cost airline e-ticket and this research. Design/methodology - This research employed an empirical study with the use of the questionnaire survey method, in total, 430 responses were collected through randomly mailing and sent out to consumers who had an experience of purchasing low cost airline e-ticket. Findings - The result showed that marketing efforts, perceive ease of use and perceived usefulness positively affects attitude toward using low cost airline e-ticket and attitude toward using and subjective norm also positive affect behavioral intention to purchase low-cost airline e-ticket. The research showed that perceived usefulness was the most important factor that affect to the behavioral intention to purchase low-cost airline e-ticket. Practical implications - The research showed perceived usefulness was the most important ...
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...CHINA’S PROVINCIAL BUREAUCRATIC CORRUPTION ON FDI AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Ziwei Hao z_hao@mit.edu TA: Joaquin MIT Department of Economics, 14.05 Spring 2012 Word count: 5000 I. INTRODUCTION China’s economic achievement over the past three decades has been one of the most outstanding of our time. Since its “reform and opening-up policy” in 1978, foreign direct investment (FDI) has contributed a great deal to China’s economic growth by injecting capital into the economy, creating jobs, transferring technology and knowledge, enhancing trade, bringing in competition for local enterprises, improving the quality of local labor and intermediate goods suppliers, and connecting China’s gradually opening economy to the global market (Berthélemy and Démurger, 145). By the opening up of the country to FDI, China’s economic growth has averaged approximately 9% annually over the last 25 years (China Statistical Yearbook). With the introduction of FDI came a wave of corruption and bad governance, which may have hindered FDI’s effect on China’s economic growth. The reform in the market encouraged private institutions to compete for market share and resources. In order to rise to the top, these private intuitions required the help people in power who are not under heavy scrutiny. Local government officials were the perfect targets. With foreign capital in their hands, private intuitions sought out local government officials for help in exchange for bribery. These “favors”...
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...this document: Xuan Zhang Dirk Pieter van Donk Taco van der Vaart, (2011),"Does ICT influence supply chain management and performance?", International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 31 Iss 11 pp. 1215 - 1247 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443571111178501 Downloaded on: 17 March 2015, At: 16:56 (PT) References: this document contains references to 123 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 3145 times since 2011* Downloaded by AFRICA UNIVERSITY At 16:56 17 March 2015 (PT) Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Pietro Evangelista, Edward Sweeney, (2006),"Technology usage in the supply chain: the case of small 3PLs", The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 17 Iss 1 pp. 55-74 http:// dx.doi.org/10.1108/09574090610663437 Dirk Pieter van Donk, (2008),"Challenges in relating supply chain management and information and communication technology: An introduction", International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 28 Iss 4 pp. 308-312 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570810861534 Benita M. Beamon, (1999),"Measuring supply chain performance", International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 19 Iss 3 pp. 275-292 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443579910249714 Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by 538884 [] For Authors If you would like to write for...
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...THE INTERNATIONAL STUDENT TRAVEL MARKET: TRAVELSTYLE, MOTIVATIONS, AND ACTIVITIES GREG RICHARDS* and JULIE WILSON† *Fundació Interarts (Interarts Foundation) and Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain †Department of Geography and History, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain Abstract: One sign of the growing interest in student travel both from the tourism industry and academic researchers is the global independent travel survey conducted by the International Student Travel Confederation (ISTC) and the Association for Tourism and Leisure Education (ATLAS). The survey, conducted in 2002, covers the profile and travel behavior of 1630 students booking travel from student travel organizations in eight countries. This article reports the initial results of this research. The survey showed that students are frequent travel consumers with extensive previous experience of relatively long trips outside of their own world region. Most students see their travelstyle as that of “traveler,” but a significant proportion of the market characterized their travel as “backpacking.” Motivations reflecting a desire for experience are prevalent with student travelers, particularly in terms of exploring other cultures. Motivations tend to be differentiated by destination region and travelstyle and are distinct between students and other young travelers. In spite of these differences in motivation, however, the activities actually engaged in showed little differentiation between...
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...manufacturing-based to technology-based. The Chinese government has attached great importance to e-tailing in spurring economic growth and recently has released a series of policies to regularize and guide Internet and e-tailing development (6). Furthermore, China has overtaken Japan as the world's second-largest economy and is predicted to replace the US as the world's top economy in roughly a decade (12). Collectively, all of these factors bode well for an improving etailing environment in China. The focus of this study is to examine whether online consumers in China and the US share similar attitudes with regard to online shopping. While there is a wealth of research focusing on online shopping behaviour in Western countries, relatively little research has compared consumer attitudes toward online shopping across nations. Reflecting the call by Van Slyke, Belanger and Sridhar (13) for more cross-cultural comparison research on consumers’ e-tailing attitudes and behaviour, the present study examines this phenomenon in national cultures that reflect the East versus the West, namely China and the U.S.A, respectively. This paper intends to begin filling this knowledge gap. Drawing on theories of national culture, along with diffusion of innovation theory and the literature on perceived risk in...
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...Marketing Channel Strategies in Rural Emerging Markets Unlocking Business Potential By Benjamin Neuwirth Benjamin Neuwirth, Kellogg School of Management, bneuwirth2012@kellogg.northwestern.edu 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In his landmark book “The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid,” C.K. Prahalad describes the profits that can be earned by selling products to “Bottom of the Pyramid” customers. While there is truth to this, companies face unique challenges when operating in the rural regions of emerging markets where many of these customers live. For example, the consumer population is dispersed over a wide geographic area, transportation infrastructure is often poorly developed, and many consumers have sporadic and extremely low incomes. This paper examines these challenges from a marketing channel perspective. The fundamental question is: How can companies entering into rural emerging markets design a marketing channel strategy that meets the needs of customers and allows for the long-term profitable success of the business? I begin answering this question by examining common challenges that companies operating in this environment face. Each challenge is accompanied by examples of companies that have solved the problem in a unique way. Then, I develop a generalized framework for designing marketing channels in rural emerging markets. Finally, I apply the framework to d.light Design, a company that manufactures and sells solar lanterns in India and Africa and that I worked...
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...University of Glasgow Adam Smith Business School International Business & Entrepreneurship Research Method MGT 5174 A Comparative Study of Entry Modes Adopted by Sainsbury’s and M&S in China Based on Resource-based View Theory Yuyu Xiong 2203873 07/24/2016 Word Account: 3013 Table of Contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………..…3 1.1 Background ………………………………………………………………..…3 1.2 Research Questions …………………………………………………………..3 1.3 Research aim and objectives………………………………………………… 4 2. Literature Review ……………………………………………………………..….4 2.1 Timing ………………………………………………..…..4 2.2 Scale of Entry ………………………………..…..……5 2.3 Steps taken before choosing entry modes………………………………..…. 2.4 Entry Modes……………………………….……………………………..…. 2.5 Factors that influence the choice of entry mode…………………………..…. 3. Methodology…………………………………………………………………..….6 3.1 Research philosophy………………………………………………….………6 3.2 Research approach……………………………………………………………7 ...
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...article also downloaded: Muhammad Mustafa Kamal, Zahir Irani, (2014),"Analysing supply chain integration through a systematic literature review: a normative perspective", Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 19 Iss 5/6 pp. 523-557 http:// dx.doi.org/10.1108/SCM-12-2013-0491 Florian Kache, Stefan Seuring, (2014),"Linking collaboration and integration to risk and performance in supply chains via a review of literature reviews", Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 19 Iss 5/6 pp. 664-682 http:// dx.doi.org/10.1108/SCM-12-2013-0478 Joakim Kembro, Dag Näslund, (2014),"Information sharing in supply chains, myth or reality? A critical analysis of empirical literature", International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 44 Iss 3 pp. 179-200 http:// dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-09-2012-0287 Access to this document was granted through...
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...University of Singapore, 1 Arts Link, Singapore 117570 (Tel: 65-6516 6810; Fax: 65-6777 3091; Email: HenryYeung@nus.edu.sg; Homepage: http://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/geoywc/henry.htm) Forthcoming in Asia Pacific Viewpoint, Vol.48(1), pp.1-30, 2007. Acknowledgement An earlier version of this paper was presented as the Asia Pacific Viewpoint Lecture at the International Geographical Union Regional Congress, Brisbane, Australia, 3-7 July 2006. I would like to thank Asia Pacific Viewpoint and the editor, Warwick Murray, for inviting and funding me to deliver the lecture. Conference participants also offered some useful comments. The paper was subsequently revised and reworked while I was a Visiting Researcher at the International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development (ICSEAD), Kitakyushu, Japan, 10 July to 9 September 2006. I am very grateful to ICSEAD for its generous Visiting Researcher scheme and ICSEAD colleagues for their comments on an earlier version of this paper that was presented at an ICSEAD public seminar and appeared as an ICSEAD Working Paper (No.2006-16). Further helpful comments from anonymous reviewers are much appreciated. The NUS Academic Research Fund (R-109-000-050-112) supports the research project underpinning this paper. I am grateful to all corporate and institutional interviewees for their generosity and helpfulness, my research collaborators, Jang-sup Shin and Yong-Sook Lee, for their significant intellectual inputs, Angela Leung for her excellent research...
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...A Study of Apparel Supply Chain Risks Srikanta Routroy* and Arjun Shankar** Today, apparel supply chains are becoming more prone to both controllable and uncontrollable risks. This phenomenon may be attributed to many causes but not limited to less vertical integration, fragmentation of supply chain ownership, short product life cycle, ever-changing customer expectations, increasing level of competition, environmental regulations, rapid technology obsolescence, etc. These risks deteriorate directly the apparel supply chain performance in terms of both efficiency and responsiveness. Therefore, the Apparel Supply Chain (ASC) managers should identify and analyze the risks related to their supply chains so that appropriate mitigation strategies can be developed to enhance the supply chain performance. An attempt is made to study the ASC and identify the related risks in general. This will provide a platform to identify the risks for an apparel supply chain in particular. Introduction A Supply Chain (SC) may be defined as a network of organizations that are involved in a set of linkages, either upstream or downstream, in different processes and activities with the primary aim of providing value to the end customer (Chen et al., 2013). In this context, SC Management (SCM) is the management of material, information and funds through this network of organizations, which includes suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, etc., thereby providing the required value to the...
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...OK 73019-4001, USA b Eastern Illinois University, School of Business, 4002 Lumpkin Hall, Charleston, IL 61920, USA c Center of Business Studies, University of Vienna, Brünner Strasse 72, A-1210 Vienna, Austria Abstract About four decades ago, during the formative years of the franchising industry, visionary authors like Oxenfeldt and Kelly (1968) and Ozanne and Hunt (1971) proposed a rich slate of research agenda which still continues to guide some of the contemporary scholarship in the franchising domain. This article (1) explicates some of the unique features of the franchising context that presumably inspired these pioneering authors, (2) discusses four established elements of ontology unique to franchising and isolates the remaining research gaps therein, (3) specifies a new slate of more contemporary research agenda for future scholarship, and (4) concludes with a brief discussion of the ten articles featured in this Special Issue of the Journal of Retailing dedicated to the theme of Franchising and Retailing. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of New York University. Keywords: Franchising Research Agenda; Research Frontiers; Mixed Motives Context; Asymmetrical Power Setting; Twenty-First Century Introduction Modern franchising in USA dates back to at least the 1850s when Isaac Singer attempted to increase the distribution of his sewing machines by establishing a franchise system. Other examples of early American franchising include the franchising of soft-drink...
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...Marketing Intelligence & Planning Factors influencing consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions of e-deals Isaac Cheah Ian Phau Johan Liang Article information: Downloaded by New Mexico State University At 01:40 02 February 2016 (PT) To cite this document: Isaac Cheah Ian Phau Johan Liang , (2015),"Factors influencing consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions of e-deals", Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 33 Iss 5 pp. 763 - 783 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MIP-05-2014-0081 Downloaded on: 02 February 2016, At: 01:40 (PT) References: this document contains references to 89 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 989 times since 2015* Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Rodney Graeme Duffett, (2015),"Facebook advertising’s influence on intention-to-purchase and purchase amongst Millennials", Internet Research, Vol. 25 Iss 4 pp. 498-526 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ IntR-01-2014-0020 Jacob Weisberg, Dov Te'eni, Limor Arman, (2011),"Past purchase and intention to purchase in ecommerce: The mediation of social presence and trust", Internet Research, Vol. 21 Iss 1 pp. 82-96 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662241111104893 Echo Huang, (2012),"Online experiences and virtual goods purchase intention", Internet Research, Vol. 22 Iss 3 pp. 252-274 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662241211235644 Access to this document was granted through...
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