...LECTURE NOTES For Nursing Students Human Anatomy and Physiology Nega Assefa Alemaya University Yosief Tsige Jimma University In collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education 2003 Funded under USAID Cooperative Agreement No. 663-A-00-00-0358-00. Produced in collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education. Important Guidelines for Printing and Photocopying Limited permission is granted free of charge to print or photocopy all pages of this publication for educational, not-for-profit use by health care workers, students or faculty. All copies must retain all author credits and copyright notices included in the original document. Under no circumstances is it permissible to sell or distribute on a commercial basis, or to claim authorship of, copies of material reproduced from this publication. ©2003 by Nega Assefa and Yosief Tsige All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided above, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the author or authors. This material is intended for educational use only by practicing health care workers or students and faculty...
Words: 63550 - Pages: 255
...Clinical Notes The Visible Human Project p. 7 Homeostasis and Disease p. 13 An Introduction to Studying the Human Body This textbook will serve as an introduction to the inner workings of your body, providing information about both its structure and its function. Many of the students who use this book are preparing for careers in health-related fields—but regardless of your career choice, you will find the information within these pages relevant to your future. You do, after all, live in a human body! Being human, you most likely have a seemingly insatiable curiosity—and few subjects arouse so much curiosity as our own bodies. The study of anatomy and physiology will provide answers to many questions regarding the functioning of your body in both health and disease. Although we will be focusing on the human body, the principles we will learn apply to other living things as well. Our world contains an enormous diversity of living organisms that vary widely in appearance and lifestyle. One aim of biology—the science of life—is to discover the unity and the patterns that underlie this diversity, and thereby shed light on what we have in common with other living things. Animals can be classified according to their shared characteristics, and birds, fish, and humans are members of a group called the vertebrates, characterized by a segmented vertebral column. The shared characteristics and organizational patterns provide useful clues about how these animals have evolved over time...
Words: 5395 - Pages: 22
...A Laboratory Manual for Human Anatomy And Physiology First year Diploma in Pharmacy (PH) Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT CELL,MSBTE,MUMBAI. LABORATORY MANUAL DEVELOPMENT FOR DIPLOMA IN PHARMACY Particulars Education Technology Consultant Project Institution Shri. D.M.Makone, Team for design Mahatma Gandhi Vidyamandir's, Institute of Industrial And Pharmaceutical Technology, Panchavati,Nashik-422 003 November-2005 - May 2006 Principal,Shri.Vilas M.Aurangabadkar I.I.P.T. Panchavati,Nashik - 422 003 Shri. Bhaurao K.BacchavI.I.P.T., Panchavati, Nashik - 422 003 1. Shri. Bhaurao K.Bacchav I.I.P.T.,Panchavati,Nashik 2. Shri. Avinash R. Bhutada Shri.D.F.Lodha, Pharmacy College, Chandwad 3. Shri. Nadeem A. Logade, AIT's Institute of Pharmacy, Malegaon. Project Period Chief Project Coordinator Project Coordinator Subject Experts © 2006, Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, 49, Kherwadi, Aliyawar Jung Road, Bandra (East), Mumbai-400 051 Maharashtra State, India. No part of this Laboratory Manual be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from MSBTE Mumbai. MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION Certificate This is to certify that, Mr./Ms./Mrs. Roll No. of First Year Diploma in pharmacy (Institute) has Completed the term work satisfactorily in Human Anatomy and Physiology PR. ( 0809) for the academic year 200 to 200 as prescribed in the curriculum. Place...
Words: 3097 - Pages: 13
...Let’s talk anatomy Anatomy is the science of body structures and the relationships among them. It is all around us, it is basically us. The human anatomy deals with basically all the parts of humans, dealing with molecules to bones to the way we function, but that can also get misinterpreted for Physiology which is the study of body functions and how the body parts work, which in this case it is something different. Anatomy and Physiology are two concepts that are related to each other, as stated before anatomy is the science of body structures and the relationship among them, while Physiology is the study of body functions and how body parts work together. Now, with all of that being said Anatomy differs from physiology in many ways, the study of anatomy usually focuses on the shape, size, and where they are usually located at. In my perspective anatomy is more like dissection of the body, you can easily cut up the body and with your very own eyes see what the body is, or in more scientific forms using a microscope for a more detailed view. A person can easily see what they are encountering on a body and what system is connected to what. In physiology its rather more vigorous mostly involving different types of properties (chemical, physical or electrical) that make the body function. Beginning from the process of how our heart rate is regulated to more difficult systems involving different visual perceptions. Physiology is usually involved with the work of living...
Words: 1038 - Pages: 5
...NSCI 280 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 COMPLETE WEEK 1 http://www.coursehomework.com/product/nsci-280-anatomy-and-physiology-1-complete-week-1/ Contact us at: +1 315-750-4434 help@coursehomework.com NSCI 280 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1 COMPLETE WEEK 1 UOP NSCI/280 Anatomy and Physiology 1 Week 1 Orientation, Chemistry, and Cells Objectives/Competencies 1.1 - Examine the basic organization of the human body and discuss what it needs to maintain life. 1.2 - Compare and Contrast the differences between organic and inorganic compounds. 1.3 - Summarize the structure of a cell and the different types of cells. Chapter-1 1. How does the study of anatomy differ from the study of physiology? 2. What is studied in gross anatomy? In surface anatomy? Chapter-2 1. Define Matter and the difference between mass and weight. 2. State the six roles of lipids in the body and give an example of each. Chapter-3 1. What are the main chemical components of the plasma membrane? 2. Differentiate among intracellular, extracellular, and intercellular. 3. List three ways that substances can move across the plasma membrane? Week 1 Quiz worksheet 1 worksheet 2 Click Here to Buy this; http://www.coursehomework.com/product/nsci-280-anatomy-and-physiology-1-complete-week-1 Course Home Work aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of NSCI 280 Anatomy and Physiology 1 Complete Week 1 in order to ace their studies. Course Home Work...
Words: 522 - Pages: 3
...Organizational Approaches The healthy human body can be studied in seven different ways. These ways include the following; body planes and cavities, body cavities, quadrants and regions, anatomy and physiology, microscopic and macroscopic, body systems, and medical specialties. In order for the human body to be considered healthy it must have complete physical, mental, and social well-being. The seven different ways involve approaching the body from different angles by dividing or organizing the body. There are three main planes used to study the body: the coronal, sagittal, and the transverse planes. The coronal plane divides the human body vertically into front and back sections. The front section is the anterior or ventral, and the back section is known as the dorsal or posterior. The sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sections. There are two directions used when dividing the body in a sagittal plane- lateral and medial. The lateral direction moves from either side of the body toward the body’s midline. The medial direction moves in the opposite direction, from the body’s midline to either side of the body. The transverse plane is a horizontal plane that divides the body into bottom and top sections. The bottom half is known as the inferior section, while the top half is referred to as the superior section. In order for the human body to be studied in planes it must be in an anatomical position. The human body can be studied by its five...
Words: 700 - Pages: 3
...Approaches to studying the Human Body Approaches to studying the Human Body There are seven approaches one can take to study the human body. Those approaches are • Body planes and body directions • Body cavity • Quadrants and regions • Anatomy and physiology • Microscopic to macroscopic • Body systems • Medical specialties The body planes and the body directions are used when trying to describe the location on the body it can also be called anatomical directions. For example anterior is used for front or in front of and posterior is for after, behind, following. The body cavity is being used when studying any fluid filled space in the multicellular organism. Like the pelvic cavity, ventral cavity dorsal cavity and so forth. Regions and quadrants are used to determine what part of the body you are studying, we determined that with planes there is front and back and now with regions and quadrants it gets a little more specific. Anatomy and physiology are used to determine how each part of the body work and why it works the way it does. Microscopic to macroscopic is the study of the bodies smallest parts and how they come together to make a large complex system. Body systems are how the organs function in the body, how the heart beats how we breathe. Medical specialties are the treatment for a specific area in the body. • In health care each organizational approach is used differently. The quadrant system is used more so when health care workers are doing...
Words: 390 - Pages: 2
...|Qualification (QCF) | |BTEC 90 Credit Diploma Health and Social Care Level 3 | | Unit / Title |Assignment Title | |Unit 5: Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care |The role of energy in the body (Assignment 2 of 3) | |Date Issued |Completion Date | |02/11/15 |16/11/15 | |Learner Name |Assessor Name | | |Geraldine Whitehorn | |Task No. |Deadline |Unit Outcome | |1 |16/11/15 ...
Words: 758 - Pages: 4
...“When the human body's countless parts function correctly, the body is in a state of health or optimum wellness. The study of the healthy human body can be done in several different ways. Each way approaches the body from a specific standpoint and provides unique information about the body. Each approach divides and organizes complex information about the body in a logical way. These approaches include the following: body planes and body directions, body cavities, quadrants and regions, anatomy and physiology, microscopic to macroscopic, body systems, and medical specialties” (Turley, 2011). Body planes and body direction is one approach that divides the body into front and back, right and left, and top and bottom. The three main body planes are coronal, sagittal plane, and transvers plane. The body directions showcase the movement towards or away from the planes. The major directions are superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superficial, and deep. “There are many times in medicine that a doctor has to record information in a medical record or tell another doctor the exact body part or location of disorders or damage to your body or an organ. To do that, there are standard terms for describing human anatomy including the body and its organs. These terms are often used to describe medical imaging such as CAT scans, PET scans and MRIs where the scans take pictures of the body in flat slices” (Media Partners, 2011). Body cavities are spaces...
Words: 1157 - Pages: 5
...Fetal Pig Dissection: Anatomy and Physiology of Systems Introduction Pigs are from the mammalian clade. They are farming animals that that require the same systems as humans. Pigs and humans share some of the physiological concepts as humans. With them sharing some of the same physiological as humans it allows scientist and individuals to understand the anatomy and physiology of the systems we share. These systems include lymphatic, digestive, respiratory, and the skin system. The two frequently looked at systems are the digestive and skin system. The fetal pig provides the visual aid for the explanation of the anatomy and physiology of both the digestive and skin system. The organ skin is the largest organ on the human body. There are four tissues that make up this organ: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.The epithelial...
Words: 423 - Pages: 2
...and title | BTEC 90 Credit/Extended Diploma in Health and Social Care | Unit 5 Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care | Learner name | Assessor name | | Louise Dada,Angela Lewis-Wright Alison Watson | Date issued | Hand in deadline | Submitted on | 10 November 2014 | 8 December 2014 | | | | Assignment title 1 | Know the organisation of the human body | In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. Indicate the page numbers where the evidence can be found. | 5a Criteria reference | To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able to: | | Task no. | | Evidence | P1 | Outline the functions of the main cell components. | | 1 | | Training Pack | P2 | Outline the structure of the main tissues of the body | | 1 | | Training Pack | P3 | Outline the gross structure of all the main body systems. | | 1 | | Training Pack | Learner declaration | I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own. I have clearly referenced any sources used in the work. I understand that false declaration is a form of malpractice.Learner signature: Date: | Assignment brief 1 Qualification | BTEC 90 Credit/Extended Diploma in Health and Social Care | Unit number and title | Unit 5 Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care | Assessor name | Louise Dada, Angela Lewis-Wright...
Words: 2139 - Pages: 9
...HCA 220 Week 2 Seven Organizational Approaches Paper Get Tutorial by Clicking on the link below or Copy Paste Link in Your Browser https://hwguiders.com/downloads/hca-220-week-2-seven-organizational-approaches-paper/ For More Courses and Exams use this form ( http://hwguiders.com/contact-us/ ) Feel Free to Search your Class through Our Product Categories or From Our Search Bar (http://hwguiders.com/ ) Seven Organizational Approaches The seven organizational approaches to studying the human body are; Body Planes, and directions, Body cavities, Quadrant, and regions, Anatomy, and physiology, Microscopic-to macroscopic, Body systems, and Medical specialty. The Body planes divide the body into front, and back, right, and left, and top, and bottom sections. The Coronal Plane or frontal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into front, and back sections. The front of the body is also known as anterior or ventral section. The back of the body is the posterior or dorsal section (Turley, 2011). The sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into the right, and left sections. The body directions represent the movement toward or away from the midline. Moving from the side of the body toward the midline is moving in a medial. Moving from the midline toward the side of the body is moving in a Lateral direction. A health care technician uses this approach to take images from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan (Turley, 2011). The...
Words: 5104 - Pages: 21
...intracellular organelle have membranes as part of their structure? How would the breakdown of the membranes of these structures affect the function of Joseph’s heart? All intracellular organelles have membranes, (www.Nature.com/scitable/topicpage/cell-membranes-14052567). Cytosol consist of ATP that transfers nutrients to the cardiac muscle and throughout the body (Anatomy and Physiology third edition, pg. 76). Without ATP being carried to the cardiac heart muscle through the cytosol it cannot receive proteins and nutrients. The function of the heart if affected and the cell membranes are damaged and can die. D. Two important pieces of information- the instructions Joseph’s body needs to repair itself and his predisposition for vascular disease- are both contained within the cells on which structures? Joseph has a family history for cardiovascular disease. The predisposition is within the power house of the cell called mitochondrial DNA (Anatomy and Physiology third edition pg. 85). In order to repair the damaged cells within Joseph’s body the synthesis from mRNA proteins are needed (Anatomy and Physiology third edition pg. 90). E. Joseph’s heart attack has caused the function of his cells to change. What types of proteins in the cell membrane were involved in the homeostatic imbalance of his heart cells? APT that is contained in the...
Words: 631 - Pages: 3
...The Seven Organizational Approaches HCA/220 Seven Organizational Approaches Health care has seven organizational approaches that are different methods that are used for viewing, as well as exploring the human body and gathering information about the human body. Each ones of these methods is a way that helps produce different ways of organizing information about the body and each of these methods produce different information. Each of these approaches are a way of describing the body. The organizational approaches are body planes and body directions, body cavities, quadrants and regions, anatomy and physiology, microscopic and macroscopic, body systems, and medical specialties. These organizational approaches will be explained and how they are used to study the human body, its systems, as well as how they are used in health care. The first organizational approach is body planes and body directions. Body planes and body directions are divided into three main parts and are referred to as planes. The coronal plane, which is also known as the frontal plane is the first plane. This divides the body into the front and the back. Which also is called the anterior section and the posterior section. The sagittal plane is the second plane that divides the body. The sagittal plane splits the body into the right plane and into the left plane. “By studying the sagittal plane, doctors are able to explore the reasons behind the lower back pain and alignment within the sagittal plane”...
Words: 977 - Pages: 4
...organizational approaches to the human body. It’s imperative to understand how the human body works and complex systems. The seven organizational approaches are body cavities, body planes and direction, anatomy and physiology, quadrants and regions, medical specialty, microscopic-to-macroscopic, and body systems. Besides the importance of just understanding the human body, each can be used when applying knowledge to practical use in the healthcare industry. All of these approaches are imperative to learn and understand when in the healthcare industry. The body cavity is the study of body organs and cavities within them. Body cavities help divide the body into sections or compartments and help give organs a particular “place” in the body. Harris (2005) stated, “Humans have four body cavities: (1) the dorsal body cavity that encloses the brain and spinal cord; (2) the thoracic cavity that encloses the heart and lungs; (3) the abdominal cavity that encloses most of the digestive organs and kidneys; and (4) the pelvic cavity that encloses the bladder and reproductive organs.” .This type of approach is often used when a particular organ is being studied as an entire system like the gastrointestinal system that is in the abdominopelvic cavity or the brain in the cranial cavity. Body cavities can also be useful for observing how a disease affects numerous organs within the human body. Body planes and direction is the human body division. It involves four...
Words: 947 - Pages: 4
