...Introduction to Philosophy, Dr. Verharen Fall 2009 What are the differences between the philosophies of sociology and psychology toward mental illness? Table of Contents I. Introduction P.1 II. What is Philosophy? P.2-14 i. An Introduction to Philosophyby George S. Fullerton ii. Principles of Philosophyby Rene Descartes iii. The Gift of Fire by Richard Mitchell iv. I and Thou by Martin Buber v. Philosophy: Who needs it? by Ayn Rand III. Sociology P.15-19 i. The philosophy of sociology ii. Sociology towards mental illness IV. Psychology P.20-23 ...
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...April 14, 2005 NURSING THEORY ➢ Why the interest in theory? 1. The no. 1 requisite if we have to be on the level of being a professional. 2. To guide us in how to go about the different nursing actions. 3. It becomes a framework for organizing data. Theory – speculative in nature Nursing Theory – mental conceptualization where the perspective is a nursing aspect - explain & describe a particular nursing action - can also predict its effects on clients’ outcome - primary purpose is to generate scientific knowledge - serve several essential purposes 1. Description – clarifying ideas, phenomena, experience or circumstances that are not well understood. E.g. meaning of pain to patient 2. Exploration – how ideas are related. E.g. relationship of pain to patient’s physiological & psychological conditions 3. Explanation – the whys of events & occurrences 4. Prediction & Control – knowing & foretelling correctly what will happen & also how to make it happen. E.g. how to control the severity of the client’s pain Components of a Theory a. Concepts – basic unit in the language of theoretical thinking - can be empirical or concrete (can be observed through the senses) or abstract (not observable) b. Definitions – statements of the meaning of a word c. Assumptions – accepted facts d. Phenomena – reality Types of Theories a. Grand Theories – does not prescribe actions ...
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...of Girl Interrupted approaches human health in 3 different ways. She uses personal experiences, extensively researched information about each of the mental illnesses mentioned in the novel and the theme of ‘mental illnesses vs. tradition’ to inform the audience about mental illnesses. As the majority of the stories in the book are Susanna’s own personal experiences, they are very detailed, but appear to be bias as they are about her and are her side of the story. Susanna uses her own personal experiences to approach human health in a way that is very unique. By including detailed stories in her novel, the audience is persuaded into supporting however Susanna felt or what she believed in the situation, even if she was morally wrong, utterly influencing the audience’s opinion of mental illnesses. The amount of stories and personal experiences discussed in the novel opens up the younger audience to release that many young people today suffer from mental illnesses. She also connected this theme with the quote “Scar tissue has no character. It's not like skin. It doesn't show age or illness or pallor or tan. It has no pores, no hair, no wrinkles. It's like a slipcover. It shields and disguises what's beneath. That's why we grow it; we have something to hide.” (p. 6). The author used this quote to link her themes discussed in the book and to allow the readers to begin to think about their own personal scars....
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...Joyce Travelbee: Human-to-Human Relationship Model Kathy Cox South University Joyce Travelbee: Human-to-Human Relationship Model The work of Joyce Travelbee has influenced the nursing world since she began publishing in the early 1960’s. Her Human-to-Human Relationship Model drew upon the works of existential psychologists such as Victor Frankl, allowing their discipline’s borrowed theories to influence the growth and development of nursing practice (Butts & Rich, 2011, p. 280). Having originated from a background in psychiatric theory, Travelbee understood the need for all entities in health care to be recognized first as human beings in order for a therapeutic patient-nurse relationship to develop; thereby, fulfilling the purpose of nursing (Butts & Rich, 2011, pp. 280-283; Nursing Theory, 2013, para. 1-2). Background: * Born December 14, 1926 in New Orleans, LA. * Lay Nun of the Order of Discalced Carmelites of St. Theresa * Graduated from Charity Hospital School of Nursing 1946 * Bachelor of Science in Nursing from Louisiana State University 1956 * Master of Science in Nursing from Yale in 1959 * Became an instructor at Depaul Hospital Affiliate School in New Orleans, Louisiana in 1952 * Taught Psychiatric Nursing at Charity Hospital School of Nursing at Louisiana State University, New York University and the University of Mississippi * Became Project Director at Hotel Dieu School of Nursing in New Orleans in 1970 *...
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...Critical Analysis Paper: The Lived Experience of Healthy Behaviors in People with Debilitating Illness Qualitative Research Critical Analysis Paper:The Lived Experience of Healthy Behaviors in People with Debilitating Illness The purpose of this paper is to summarize the study “The lived experience of health behaviors in people with debilitating illness” (Haynes & Watt, 2008). Within this summary it will critique and describe the qualitative methodology used in the study, the appropriateness and relevance of the design for the study purpose, the study purpose, the target population, the study participants, and the setting the study participants are in. This paper will critique and describe ethical issues mentioned in the study and ethical issues not mentioned in the study, but are of importance to the study population. It will also critique and describe the data quality methods used, the research findings, the limitations as they relate to the study purpose, the implications for nursing practice, and conclude with a brief summary. The selection of this research article was because of the interest in understanding how individuals with incapacitating illnesses can continue with living a health centred lifestyle. Thoroughly analyzing the selected research via a critical lens, as well as reflecting on professional practice, assists the healthcare professional in applying holistic, client-centered care. Method The study, “The lived experience of health behaviors in people...
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...the time was a breakthrough in the health care sector and was finally seen as a positive definition of health, rather than negative. Most definition concentrated on disease and illness. There are some criticisms that state that the model describes health as a ‘state’ rather than a process and does not put any certain boundaries on what is considered “health”. In healthcare, models are used to diagnose and explain an individual’s health. There are four main models that dominate the health care profession which are the biomedical model, social model, biopsychosocial model and the holistic model. In this essay I will discuss all four models by looking at their advantages and limitations in health care. The biomedical model is a dominant model of disease in contemporary medicine and was devised by medical scientists for the study of disease. It was created as a scientific model therefor involved a set of scientific assumptions and rules. Biomedicine is the principal way of understanding health and illness. It is widely accepted by the medical profession and also by the non-professional population (Barry, Yuill 2012). The models rapidly became popular in health care approaches over the nineteenth century and focused on biological factors only. It is based on the assumptions about the functioning of the human body and the nature of a...
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...Social constructivist perspective for understanding schizophrenia, mental health and illness Mentor: Student: *name *name Spring, 2013 Contents: 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 Social constructivist perspective of schizophrenia 4 3 CONCLUSION 7 REFERENCES 8 INTRODUCTION In this paper we analyze the concept according to which mental illness is as much a socially constructed disease as it is a physiological one and especially the example of schizophrenia, one of the oldest, most documented, and least understood of all the behaviors that fall under society’s category of mental illness. One of the most influential theoretical positions evident in the sociology of health and illness over the past 30 years has been social constructivism. A central assumption within this broad approach is that reality is not self-evident, stable and waiting to be discovered, but instead it is a product of human activity. In this broad sense all versions of social constructivism can be identified as a reaction against positivism and naive realism. There are multiple intellectual roots of a social constructionist approach to illness. Some of the basic building blocks are evident in the writings of early sociological thinkers (Durkheim, Mannheim, Thomas), but one of the most important intellectual foundations of the social construction of illness is social problems theory and research from the 1960s and 1970s. Distancing themselves...
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...purpose is to use research in an effort to classify, diagnose, and treat psychological disorders and illnesses. Everyone experiences some kind of worry, fear, and even anxiety. When an individual cannot control their emotions and daily life becomes affected they may suffer from a disorder or illness that is very complex. Abnormal vs. Normal When comparing normal and abnormal psychology there are key differences. Normal psychology deals with the feelings that should be felt. Abnormal psychology deals with the feelings we experience that we shouldn’t . We should not live everyday in constant fear for no reason. When our feelings start controlling our life on a daily bases this is abnormal. Compare and Contrast There are two main divisions in psychology: normal and abnormal. Both of these branches can be easy to distinguish, but the lines between them may be blurred as well. To better understand these two sides of psychology it is necessary to understand what each division represents in this field (Critical psychology, 2001). Normal psychology is what an average animal experiences in response to emotional stimuli. For example, a woman’s boyfriend severs relations between the two people. In the average situation, the woman would be depressed for a short period of time. This sadness could stretch to several weeks or months if the relationship was a longer experience. “Normal” sadness, or depression, can be explained as feeling down, not wanting to talk about the emotions involving...
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...Due Date: Aug 24, 2014 23:59:59 Max Points: 150 Details: In this assignment, you will be completing a comprehensive health screening and history on a young adult. To complete this assignment, do the following: Select an adolescent or young adult client on whom to perform a health screening and history. Students who do not work in an acute setting may "practice" these skills with a patient, community member, neighbor, friend, colleague, or loved one. Complete the "Health History and Screening of an Adolescent or Young Adult Client" worksheet. Format the write-up in a manner that is easily read, computer-generated, neat, and without spelling errors. Complete the assignment as outlined on the worksheet, including: 1. Biographical Data 2. Past Health History 3. Family History: Obstetrics History (if applicable) and Well Young Adult Behavioral Health History Screening 4. Review of Systems 5. Include all components of the health history 6. Use correct acronyms or abbreviations when indicated 7. Develop three Nursing Diagnoses for this client based on the health history and screening. Include: one actual nursing diagnosis, one wellness nursing diagnosis, one "Risk For" nursing diagnosis, and your rationale for the choice of each nursing diagnosis for this client. While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines,...
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...Describe the definition of nursing as put forward by the American Nurses Association. How does it address the metaparadigm theories of nursing? Nursing Theorist Select Months Select Categories * Adventist Health System (3) * Adventist University (2) * All Bahasa Indonesia (12) * All Downloads (1) * Best Nurses Profile (1) * Best Online Learning (7) * Campus News (1) * Continuing Education (5) * Current Issues in Nursing (10) * Employment and Career (19) * Graduate School Library (1) * Healthcare Technology (3) * Inspirational (72) * Nursing-Advanced Sub (66) * Community Nursing (12) * Family Nursing (6) * Geriatric Nursing (1) * Maternity Nursing (2) * Med-Sur Nursing (46) * Cardio, GI & Respi (18) * Communicable (3) * Critical Care (2) * Emergency (2) * Metabolic & Endocrine (8) * Renal, Genito, Repro (5) * Sensory & Neuro (7) * Pediatric Nursing (2) * Psychiatric (1) * Nursing-Biomedic Subjets (30) * Anatomy and Physiology (4) * Biochemsitry (15) * Biology (7) * General Chemistry (3) * Micro and Parasitology (1) * Nutrition and Diet (4) * Patophysiology (1) * Pharmacology and Drugs (1) * Nursing-Core Subjects (46) * Basic Nursing Skills (16) * Ethics and Law (2) ...
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...PHILIOSPHY OF NURSING This philosophy of nursing is assimilation of the author’s beliefs in regards of the metaparadigm through experience and understanding of knowledge. The author looks at the fundamental level, a theory which encompasses all or most theories. Attempts to view the theory as an interplay of energy, while looking at it in an atomic level. With the patient being the nucleus the primary structure and concentration of high energy while health and environment as different valence rings each holding electrons which are constantly moving in all possible directions all while orbiting around the nucleus. The space between the nucleus and the valence rings is nursing the spatial potential energy which unites the structure creating larger matter and ultimately the final product, the present material world (Seagar & Slabaugh, 2010). At the base of all matter is consciousness (Garon, 2011), therefore the universal fabric is conscious. A philosophy of nursing should be derived from laws that governing the universe and that is what the author attempts to do. Human Beings Human beings as defined by the writer are closely related to the understanding of human beings derived from humanistic nursing theorist specifically Martha E Rogers and Margaret Neumann. These theorist understood that human beings at a fundamental level are more than their biological makeup, they are consciousness. Sentient beings, or energy fields that are made up of patterns, holographic patterns...
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...basis for the theory of human caring reflect a metaphysical, phenomenological-existential, and spiritual orientation that draws upon Eastern philosophy. VALUES include: 1. deep respect for the wonder and mysteries of life and the power of humans to change 2. high regard and reverence for the spiritual-subjective center of the person with power to grow and change 3. a nonpaternalistic approach to helping a person gain more self-knowledge, self-control, and self-healing, regardless of the presenting health-illness condition. ASSUMPTIONS deal with human life, nursing science, and the process of nursing. Watson's conception of human life is tied to notions that one's soul possesses a body that is not confined by objective space and time. The lived world of the experiencing person is not distinguished by external and internal notions of time and space, but shapes its own time and space, which is unconstrained by linearity. Nursing is a human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic, and ethical human care transactions. The process of nursing is human care. THE THEORY OF HUMAN CARING The main concept of the theory is TRANSPERSONAL HUMAN CARING, which is best understood within the concepts of three ancillary concepts: LIFE, ILLNESS, and HEALTH. HUMAN LIFE is defined as spiritual-mental-physical being-in-the-world, which is continuous in time and space. ILLNESS is not necessarily disease...
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...Theories of Biomedicine Sociology is the study of human interaction and organisation of society; it is often areas which are problematized in need of provision. It can be explained that health and illness are simply biological descriptions of the state of our bodies. The structures of the body have been mapped out through genetics. This is ever closer inspection of the body or as Foucault 1977 would suggest through this ‘medical gaze’ which has brought considerable power to the medical profession. The sociology of health and illness is concerned with the social origins of and influence on disease rather than exploring its organic manifestation in individual bodies. The sociology of medicine is concerned with exploring the social, historical and cultural reasons for the rise of medicine particularly the bio-medicine model in the definition and treatment of illness. A more refined version of this common sense view underlies the long standing bio-medical model of disease based on the following assumptions. Firstly that disease is an organic condition and non-organic factors associated with the human mind are considered unimportant or are ignored altogether in the search for biological causes of pathological symptoms. Secondly that disease is a temporarily an organic state that can be eradicated and cured by medical intervention. Disease is experienced by a sick individual who then becomes the object of treatment. Disease is therefore treated after the symptoms appear and...
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...change for so long. In light of the modern age, characterized by scientific methodologies, the mental health field advanced rapidly. Amazingly, the human condition could be put to test, understood and categorized. Sadly, anything falling outside the “norm” became “abnormal.” Once a person was identified as “abnormal,” they were the lucky recipients of a label they carried with them for life, or until they “recovered.” Mental health labels carry with them a certain stigma that communicates to the person they are different, perhaps less of a person and that “normal” may never be a reality with their “illness.” Recovery would be based on becoming symptom-free, or at the very least, a significant reduction in symptoms (Gehart, 2012). The mental health field has experienced tremendous growth in terms of understanding the plethora of conditions people experience, as well as in treatment of those conditions. However, one thing remained unchanged until recently. The idea behind recovery shifted from coercive treatment to person-centered change (Onken, et al, 2007). Gehart states is this way, “instead of using the medical paradigm of disease, the recovery paradigm approached mental “illness” using a social model of disability that emphasizes psychosocial functioning over medical symptomatology” (2012). The focus of recovery shifted from the illness to the person. The recovery model gave way to the idea that change can happen and that the person should be at the center of the decision-making...
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...nursing practice. Base on your clinical experience, explain the meaning of the following: 2.1 Nursing as a practice- oriented discipline Nursing as practice oriented discipline is the ability of the nurse to articulate the significance of what they do as an essential thread of contemporary health care provision. The main essence of practice oriented discipline is the application of the theories on your activities of daily living. Nursing exist to provide nursing care for clients who experience illness, as well as for those who may experience potential health care problems. Nurses deal with peoples human condition and their responses to health and illness. Nurses help in monitoring the living experience of people as they deal with health and illness while caring for them. Nurses who care for patients in primary health care settings may have to structure their encounters in more creative ways to increase their understanding of the daily life processes and the integrated patterns of their clients responses to health and illness within an context of limited time. Conducting comprehensive assessment, medical histories, performing daily activities such as blood pressure monitoring, administering medication and carrying out treatments. The on-going relationships with nurses’ prompts clients to share their experiences in more relative dialogues, allowing more details, meaning and history that make their health and illness experiences more understandable and allow for more...
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