... Neanderthals:An Underlying Secret 6 Abstract When taking a look at our ancestors of the past, Neanderthals being the closest in relationship to modern humans,I ask myself the simple question: what was the cause of Neanderthals extinction? Modern scientific technology and the ability to test DNA from our ancient ancestors bones are helping us get closer to explaining this phenomenon. According to Charles Q. Choi, a contributor for Live Science states, “about 1.5 to 2.1 percent of anyone outside Africa is Neanderthal in origin” (Choi, 2014). With roughly 2 percent of Neanderthal DNA in my genetic makeup, it makes sense that modern humans were involved in the extinction of the Neanderthal identity. As stated by many researchers before, neanderthals did not go extinct due to modern humans. New research is proving this claim false. Recently, researchers from the University of Cambridge and Oxford have identified the possibility of diseases are older than what we believed possible. New studies taken from pathogen genomes and DNA of ancient neanderthal bones are showing that diseases were part of neanderthals extinction (Houldcroft, 2016). With neanderthals DNA being similar to modern humans, they were susceptible to pass genes and inherit bad mutations. In the long run these bad mutations caused many problems within their population. Bad mutations are passed between individuals by way of sexual connectivity...
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...The earliest known domestication of the canine The project I chose for my research paper was on the earliest known domestication of dogs and the divergence of their species from the grey wolf, which is believed to have been the first to be domesticated by early humans. In the research they sequenced the genomes of six canid individuals, which included three grey wolves as well as the Australian Dingo, Basenji, and the golden jackal. These three species were used to represent the broad regions of Eurasia which is where the earliest domestication of canines is believed to have occurred. The project used preexisting evidence and research that had revealed dog-like canids had first appeared in the fossil records as early as 33,000 years ago....
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...Haylee Bowers Research Paper 11/20/13 In today’s society, cruelty towards animals is growing rapidly because people don’t understand the value of an animal’s life. People all around the world use and abuse animals as if it was some kind of national sport, and everybody is competing for the first place gold medal. Ever year millions of animals are being beaten and starved because of heartless people. Animal cruelty is a social issue that many people don’t understand. All the people who abuse animals don’t understand when they are harming an innocent animal are going to continue to do it until they are shown what they are doing wrong. Each type of abuse has certain patterns that scientists can study and find out why people commit the crimes they do. Animal cruelty is broken down into two categories, which are active and passive. Active cruelty is also known as NAI (non-accidental injury). NAI is when a person has malicious intent so fierce that they deliberately and intentionally cause harm to an animal. On the other hand with passive cruelty a person doesn’t intentionally cause harm to the animal, they simple neglect it by giving it no attention. While I was doing the research for this essay, I thought non-stop about how a human being could break a dogs leg, back, or even neck and feel no sympathy for the dog? Are some people in this world that heartless that they have no feelings for other living things? I wonder if you asked a person that has abused an animal if they...
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...Mason Schmidt Rose Womack Business Ethics 11//2014 Hunting Ethics For my research paper I chose to discuss the topic of hunting ethics. I have several reasons for choosing this topic, first and foremost hunting is my biggest passion in life and I see a lot of misconceptions regarding hunting in the media and in the general public, another reason I chose is due to the firestorm that was generated when a Texas cheerleader, Kendall Jones, posted pictures of game animals she had legally taken on an African safari with her father on Facebook. This incident truly showed me for the first time how widespread anti-hunting sentiment was as well as how little people seem to know about it. In order to counter these sentiments and give people a better understanding of hunting and how it is not unethical, I will state what I believe to be the three most common ethical objections to hunting and then provide rebuttals. The three objections are, hunting is unethical because it disrupts nature and has caused the extinction of numerous species, hunting is unethical because modern technology gives humans an unfair advantage, and finally, the biggest and most common objection, hunting is unethical because it causes animals to experience extreme duress and pain. It is my hope that my arguments will sway you to see that hunting, when done lawfully, is completely ethical. Objection one is “hunting is unethical because it disrupts nature and has caused the extinction of...
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...2010 Bill John Introduction to Research ~ Research Project 10/28/2010 Hunting Age Introduction to Research John Bill BUSC 315 Research Project Bill John Hunting Age “Turning kids into Killers?” According to Rob Keck, a famous author, “If you go the route of using a range finder, don't make the mistake of trying it out for the first time when you're turkey hunting. A little pre-season preparation at home will go a long way toward success later.” ThinkExist.com Quotations. “Rob Keck quotes”. ThinkExist.com Quotations Online 1 Sep. 2010. 26 Oct. 2010 <http://einstein/quotes/rob_keck/>. I believe what Rob meant by this was the sooner we teach hunting to the youth, the longer they will be engaged and the better our animal conservation will be. The sooner we get youth into the field under a controlled environment, with a gun in their hands and an adult by their side, the better off they will be in two years when they’re hunting by themselves. This research paper is about the current hunting age issue and the impact it may have on a forever-long tradition of hunting. Martin Merereau, who is the director of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals' Cruelty Investigations Department in Norfolk, VA, posed a question in one of his articles called Turning kids into Killers: “Based on a new Wisconsin law: How low will hunting lobbyists go?” What Merereau is referring to is the recent law passed in Wisconsin which grants 10-year-olds the right to carry...
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...predator: humans By David Stauth and Stuart WolpertJuly 01, 2010Category: Research Illustration of sabertooth cat fighting with woolly mammoth. (Credit: Mauricio Anton, courtesy of Oregon State University) The extinction of woolly mammoths and other large mammals more than 10,000 years ago may be explained by the same type of cascade of ecosystem disruption that is being caused today by the global decline of predators such as wolves, cougars and sharks, life scientists report July 1 in the cover article of the journal Bioscience. Then, as now, the cascading events were originally begun by human disruption of ecosystems, a new study concludes, but around 15,000 years ago the problem was not the loss of a key predator, but the addition of one — human hunters with spears. This mass extinction was caused by newly arrived humans tipping the balance of power and competing with major predators such as sabertooth cats, the authors of the new analysis argue. An equilibrium that had survived for thousands of years was disrupted, perhaps explaining the loss of two-thirds of North America's large mammals during this period. "We suggest that the arrival of humans to North America triggered a trophic cascade in which competition for the largest prey was intensified, ultimately causing the large non-human carnivores to decimate the large herbivores," said Blaire Van Valkenburgh, UCLA professor of ecology and evolutionary biology and a co-author on the paper. "When human hunters arrived...
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...Running Head: AIDS AIDS Michael W. McAlister Baker College Center for Graduate Studies Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 History 6 Origin 9 The Hunter Theory 9 The Ingestion Theory 9 Polio Vaccination Theory 10 The Conspiracy Theory 10 Spread 11 Research 12 Infection 13 Prevention 13 Cure 14 Conclusion 15 References 16 Abstract This library research paper will provide the reader with a history of AIDS, where and how it originated as well as the public’s common belief of how AIDS was transmitted to humans, subsequently creating an unstoppable pandemic. This article provides scientific substantiation on the spread infection and prevention of the disease as it known today. Introduction A pandemic is an epidemic of an infectious disease that spreads through human populations across a large regions such as a continent or spreads worldwide (Pandemic, 2010). Since the eighteen hundreds and early nineteen hundreds, the United States has battled many pandemics and outbreaks of various diseases that have had devastating effects on the public health during the periods they existed by causing thousands of deaths. Pandemics such as the polio pandemic which broke out in 1916 was responsible for killing 6,000 people, the great influenza of 1918 also known as the Spanish Flu was responsible for killing 50 to 100 million people in just six months (The Worst Outbreaks of Disease, n.d.). The number of people killed by this...
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...Mental Illness Paper Carolyn Maxine Hughes HCR/240 University of Phoenix Dr. Mary Lou Jenkins 3/10/2012 Abstract In this paper, I will be attempting to the mental illness of ADHD (attention deficit disorder). In the first paragraph there will be a discussion on the history, including any myths or misconceptions of ADHD. In some of the other paragraph there will be a detailed discussion of the other points such as the neurotransmitters that are associated with this type of a illness. I will try to familiarize individuals as to how the environment in which they stay in will detract from a successful treatment of ADHD. In the final paragraph I will discuss how the treatments today of this illness compare to the diagnosis and treatments of the past. A list of the professionals involved in the treatment, diagnosis of ADHD will also be mentioned. Mental Illness Paper Attention deficit disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue on through adolescence and adulthood. Some symptoms may include difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity (over- activity). ADHD is characterized by prominent symptoms of inattention and/ or hyperactivity and impulsivity. These symptoms can lead to difficulty in academic, emotional, and social functioning. Studies in the United States indicate approximately 8%- 10% of children satisfy diagnostic criteria for...
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...Evaluating the research process Teenage pregnancy inflicts indirect costs related to lost education and jobs, as well as direct costs related to public assistance services used during and after pregnancy. A major concern is that the majority of teenage pregnancies are unintended. 79 percent of teens 18 to 19 years old and almost 87 percent of teens 15 to 17 years old reported their pregnancy as unintended in 2001. Policies and programs need to be put into place to help teens make well-informed choices about sexual activities. Because teens lack formal education and training they rely heavily on public assistance programs. Adams, Gavin, Ayadi, Santelli, & Raskind-Hood felt there was a need for a study on teen pregnancy and how they affect the cost of public services. Research produces valuable information and expands understanding (Neuman, 2009). The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data for this ten-state shows that even though both the teens and older mothers account for 34 percent of all births in the study states, they accounted for 52 percent of all births reported as unintended. The researchers believe the data from this study will not only add to current literature on the topic, but will also provide a measure of costs that may be more relevant to state budgets and decisions regarding alternative public health interventions. In this paper I will discuss the literature review, ethical considerations for data collection, statistical analysis, and the conclusions...
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...Research Paper “The Neolithic Revolution” Contents: 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..3 2. Literature review……………………………………………………………………..4 3. Neolithic revolution…………………………………………………………………..6 4. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….9 5. Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………10 Introduction The most important technological development ever to occur in human history was the domestication of plants (agriculture) and animals (pastoralism). Together these developments are called the Neolithic Revolution. To understand how the Neolithic Revolution occurred it is necessary to understand the economic system it replaced. Until the Neolithic, and in most areas for a long time after, all humans engaged in an economic activity called "hunting and gathering". This system is called "food extraction" as opposed to "food production" by agriculture and pastoralism. This period, which occurred between 12,000 and 8,000 years ago, brought along many profound changes to human society and culture, including the creation of cities and permanent dwellings, labor specialization, the baking of bread, personal property, more complex hierarchical social structures, non-agricultural crafts, slavery, the state, official marriage, personal inheritance, and more. I’ve chosen this topic because we can’t imagine our life, if there were not such a revolution. What would we be without the Neolithic Revolution? I think without the Neolithic...
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...Varied Selection Tools Paper NAME PSYCH/705 DATE PROFESSOR The Employee Selection Process The employee selection process in the mid-1970s dramatically changed through a crucial development that was introduced simultaneously into different research areas (Aguinis, Pierce, & Culpepper, 2009). The development of meta-analyses was the partial event which had arguably been of one of the most influential methodologies in the recent decades to be developed in research. According to Schmidt and Hunter (1977), this research development introduced validity generalization, an application of meta-analysis that is used for employment tests to provide validity to the data. Through this development, qualitatively gathering results from large numbers has provided by small scale studies results in a quasi-massive multipurpose scale study (Brannick & Levine, 2002). Through the meta-analysis, it aids the way that generalization validity studies of employee selection are conducted. This knowledge is relevant as because of the introduction of this occurrence, it has provided researchers with the weight of being able to connect in consider the effects of artifacts such as range restriction, measurement error, and sampling error (Brannick & Levine, 2002). This process therefore has revolutionized employment selection and testing for an organization. The proposal lists valid as well as reliable test tools that are suggested by Iwamoto Crews Coe in order be used during the employee...
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...Am An Atheist The Evolution Of Religion, A Research Paper So I was asked by a few of you to post a research paper I wrote on the evolution of religion. I managed to find it, along with all of my source articles! This was done for my Cognition, Evolution, and Behavior Psychology class in college. It is a bit lengthy and the language is scientific in nature, hopefully that won't bother anyone. Keep in mind, it also follows the accepted assumptions made by the scientific community, namely that humans are the only animals with language. I know that is debatable, but it is what is accepted, so it is assumed in this paper. I hope you enjoy, and I hope I can't get in trouble for posting this on a public forum! Thanks so much guys~! The Evolution of Religion as a Social Mechanism Religion has proven itself to be a key part of the human experience across the globe. However, much speculation concerning some basic principles of religion have been debated as maladaptive, such as altruism. This has been a puzzle for scientists of many fields. Some evidence in other animals has allowed us a glimpse at what may be the beginnings of religion in the form of ritualistic behavior. Since this is such an important feature within religions of today and especially ancient religions, there is much to be learned from these comparisons. Through these early manifestations, scientists are able to look at the evolutionary process of religion within humans and how Darwinian structure can apply to social...
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...Virus Hunters Imagine what life would be like if your product were never finished, if your work were never done, if your market shifted 30 times a day. The computer-virus hunters at Symantec Corp. don't have to imagine. That's the reality of their daily work life. At the company's Response Lab in Santa Monica, California, described as the "dirtiest of all our networks at Syamntec", software analysts collect viruses and other suspicious code and try to rigure out how they work so security updates can be provided to the company's customers. By the door to the lab, there's even a hazardous materials box marked "Danger" where they put all the disks, tapes, and hard drives with the nasty viruses that need to be carefully and completely disposed of. Symantec's situation may seem unique, but the company, which makes content and network security software for both consumers and businesses, reflects ther elaities facing many organizations today: quickly shifting customer expectations and continuously emerging global competitors that have drastically shortened product life cycles. Managing talented people in such an environment can be quite challenging as well. Vincent Weafer, a native of Ireland, has been the leader of Symantec's virus-hunting team since 1999. Back then, he said, "There were less than two dozen people, and... nothing really happened. We'd see maybe five new viruses a day, and they would spread in a matter of months, not minutes." Now, Symantec's virus hunters around...
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...Do Research Problems Have To Be Specific? George A. Ollennu Abstract It is a view widely held in the scientific research community that the research problem and related questions are the most important part of a study. Generally, however, a research problem gives a rather broad overview with just enough information about the scope and purpose of the study to provide an initial understanding of the study. In view of its importance to the entire research process, this paper assesses through literature review whether a research problem should be specific - defined as explicit, precise and definite. It is found that a research problem may or may not be specific depending on the research paradigm and its objectives. While positivist (quantitative) problems are specific, closed, static, outcome-oriented and imply the use of variables, interpretist (qualitative) problems, are found to be general, open, evolving and process-oriented. Introduction Research originates from the need to solve a problem. The problem is the reason for and the focus of the research. As such, its formulation directly impacts the quality, relevance, efficiency and effectiveness of the research. This paper examines literature in an attempt to answer the question: Do research problems have to be specific, defined as explicit, precise and definite? There is little agreement among social scientist as to the most effective procedure for formulating research problems (Brewer & Hunter, 2006). Some researchers...
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...Cognitive processes affect everyday life, often occurring within fractions of a second. Three of these cognitive processes are language, attention, and problem solving. Language is used to effectively communicate. For bilingual children developing cognitive language abilities, understanding how to appropriately use two different languages to accommodate the need of other speakers is very similar to how monolingual children communicate. Attention refers to monitoring and processing information. This paper reviews a study conducted by Huang on spatial attention. Problem solving occurs in many aspects of life, some are routine whereas others are more complex. A study involving the cognitive abilities to solve problems in younger and older adults is also reviewed Cognitive processes are unobservable, often occurring unconsciously, and are altered by previous experience. Language, attention, and problem solving are three cognitive processes that affect the daily life of all humans. Many basic cognitive processes occur within a second or less. The use of language begins very young, some would argue before birth. As bilingual children are developing their cognitive language abilities, the ability to appropriately use two different languages to accommodate the needs of other speakers also develops. The cognitive ability to solve problems that are routine or more complex is encountered on a daily basis, but age does have an effect on this cognitive ability. Attention or...
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