...APA Annotated Bibliography on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Woman Castellsagué, X., Drudis, T., Paz Cañadas, M., Goncé, A., Ros, R., Pérez, J. M., & ... Bosch, F. (2009). Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in pregnant women and mother-to-child transmission of genital HPV genotypes: a prospective study in Spain. BMC Infectious Diseases, 9(1), 1-12. Retrieved May 27, 2009, from EBSCOhost Academic Search database. This article talks about the studies on HPV infection and transmission of the virus in pregnant women to the child yielding inconsistent results. The cohort studies consisted of 143 participants, 66 HPV positive and 77 HPV negative pregnant women and their offspring. Detection of cervical HPV-DNA yielded a 6.5% result (54/828) from provided data. Sexual behavior-related variables, previous histories of genital warts or sexually transmitted infections, and presence of cytological abnormalities were statistically significantly and positively associated with HPV-DNA detection in pregnant women recruited in the cohort. Louvanto, K., Rintala, M. A., Syrjänen, K. J., Grénman, S. E., & Syrjänen, S. M. (2011). Incident cervical infections with high- and low risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among mothers in the prospective Finnish Family HPV Study. BMC Infectious Diseases, 11(1), 179-189. Retrieved June 22, 2011, from EBSCOhost Academic Search database. The authors talk about the increase or decrease risk of incident of HPV infections in pregnant women...
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...more than 19.7 million new STIs cases in the United States each year” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013, pg. 2). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common STI (Centers of Disease Control, 2014). “Human papillomavirus are small, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect the epithelium” (Centers of Disease and Control, 2012, pg. 1). According to the Centers of Disease Control, there are “79 million Americans that are currently infected with HPV. About 14 million people become infected each year” (Centers of Disease Control, 2014). With the number rising so quickly in the United States, they have developed vaccines to help minimize youth and young adults from contracting the infection. CDC recommends that all teen girls and women through the age of 26 and all teen boys and men through the age of 21 get vaccinated" (Crow, 2012, pg. 3). The vaccines best protect the individuals that are not sexual active before they receive the vaccine. "About 21,000 of HPV-related cancers could be prevented by getting the HPV vaccine" (Centers of Disease Control, 2014, pg. 2). Human papillomavirus has been linked to different types of cancers. Cervical cancer is the leading cancer linked to HPV. “In the early 1980s, cervical cancer cells were demonstrated to contain HPV’s DNA. Epidemiologic studies showing a consistent association between HPV and cervical cancer were published in the 1990s” (Centers of Disease and Control, 2012, pg. 1) There are approximately 500,000...
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...How to protect yourself from HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Speech 1A Lisseth GomezFranco Mt. SAC Outline Title: How to protect yourself from HPV (Human Papillomavirus) General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform the audience on how to prevent themselves from acquiring HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Time: 5-7 minutes I. Introduction A. How many people in this class know what HPV is? Or have at least heard of it? B. Those of you who raised your hand to either of those questions know that Human Papillomavirus does not have a cure; but the good news is that the infection often clears on its own, if does not; the treatment is need it, there are many HPV treatment options. C. Of persons infected with mucosal HPV, 5% to 30% are infected with multiple types of the virus. D. Although we know Human Papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually-transmitted infection in the US, and one of the ones that does not have a cure, however; HPV often clears on its own, in case it does not, and there are treatments options. E. Things you need to know about HPV. What they are and their symptoms? What causes them? How to protect yourself from acquiring HPV? And what are the consequences if you don’t protect yourself? Transition***The first among of these points is what Human Papillomavirus is and what the symptoms are. II. Body A. We all know that around 80% of sexually active man and women will contract the HPV virus at some point during...
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...Epidemiology: Teens and Human Papillomavirus Carmen Holder NUR/408 Epidemiology: Teens and Human Papillomavirus Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease found in the young, sexually active population. It is presenting itself as a growing concern among the most vulnerable population; teenagers. Usually, there are no signs or symptoms associated with HPV so most people do not realize they are infected or that they are exposing a sex partner to the virus. There are more than 40 types of HPV that can infect the genital area, but the two most common types are HPV 16 and 18. These two types are responsible for approximately 70% of all cervical cancers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). This paper will define epidemiology and describe the epidemiology triangle as it relates to HPV. A specific type of epidemiology, descriptive, will be explained in addition to various levels of prevention. “The word epidemiology comes from the Greek words epi (upon), demos (people), and logos (thought), and it originally referred to the spread of diseases of infectious origin (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012, p. 255). It was not until the twentieth century that the field of epidemiology was recognized as a discipline. The focus of epidemiology is on evidence-based practice and the outcomes are used to guide a change in practice. Due to the many manifestations of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and cancer, and other circumstances related...
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...Epidemiology Betty Foote University of Phoenix Epidemiology: Global and Public Health NUR/408 Michelle Hogsed October 24, 2015 Epidemiology Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted viral infection found in young women that is one of the primary causes of cervical cancer. Sexually active young women, with many different partners, are some of the highest contributors and recipients in the newly infected population. Use of physical barriers, like condoms, during sex, can lessen this transmission. HPV is divided into two groups, low risk, nononcogenic types and high-risk types that can cause cervical dysplasia and in rare cases, cancer. Vaccines provide some protection against developing diseases caused by the virus. Epidemiological studies continue to evolve moving treatment forward for better patient outcome. Education is still the most effective way to deter this behavior that contributes to the HPV infection. Epidemiology is defined as “the study of the occurrence and distribution of health-related states or events in specified populations, including the study of the determinants influencing such states, and the application of this knowledge to control the health problems.” (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012, p. 255). With HPV, public health officials and scientists are constantly following the occurrences of viral spreading and patterns of occurrence. Development of vaccines is based on this data and sample collection. Public health nurses...
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...Running head: HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS 1 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS 2 In today’s healthcare system, we have made huge discoveries on viruses that cause illness and can contribute to cancer. One of them is a virus that attacks the cervix of young woman, and sometimes mouth and throat, Human Papillomavirus, or HPV (“Genital HPV infection,” 2009). This virus is transmitted through sexual activity, sometimes unknowingly. HPV is carried by men, but there is no test for men to determine if a male has it to prevent them from spreading it (“Genital HPV infection,” 2009). It’s usually caught when woman have their yearly Pap smear exams; the cells of the cervix are tested for abnormalities. “About 8 out of 10 woman will become infected with HPV in their lifetime” states Hpv.com. “In the United States 30 woman are diagnosed with Cervical Cancer every day” (“Get the facts,” 2011). This virus has over a hundred different strands that may contribute to different diseases (“HPV,” 2011). Although most cause no harm, there are 2 classifications of the virus that do cause disease. The “low-risk” strands are the number one cause for Genital Warts, and the “high-risk” initiate Cervical Cancer (“Genital HPV infection,” 2009). The CDC states that HPV, if undetected and untreated can contribute to cancers of the throat, penis, head and anus as well. It is possible to have this virus and display no signs and symptoms. This is...
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...Human Papillomavirs or better known as HPV is the one of the most common sexually transmitted infection. According to Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2013), “Approximately 79 million Americans are currently infected with HPV” (para. 13). However it is also one of the sexually transmitted infections (STI) that many people are not educated on. It is responsible for many forms of cancers in both men and women. Certain types of HPV show no symptoms, it is estimated that in 90% of cases the body’s immune system clears HPV within two years. Human Papillomavirus has over 100 types of strands; only about 40 types of the HPV affect the genital area in both men and women. Anyone who is currently or has been sexually active is at risk of getting HPV at some point. HPV is passed during, vaginal, anal, oral sex and genital to genital contract. These types of HPV can also affect the mouth and throat. Warts in the throat is a condition referred to recurrent respiratory papillomatosis( RRP). According to WebMD (2005-2013), “men are three times more likely than women to develop head, and neck cancers caused by HPV” (para. 2). In recent day’s actor Michael Douglas discussed in an interview that his recent battle with throat cancer was caused by oral sex. According to The Huffington Post (2013), the actor stated "Without wanting to get too specific, this particular cancer is caused by HPV, which actually comes about from cunnilingus," (para. 4). Some of the other body parts affected...
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...Whitney Ashford 5/3/12 Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) General Biology 1406 TTR 8:00-2:00 Clifford Campbell What is genital human papillomavirus HPV? HPV is known as Genital human papillomavirus, it is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). There are more than 40 HPV types that can infect the genital areas of males and females. These HPV types can also infect the mouth and throat. Most people who become infected with HPV do not even know they have it. HPV is not the same as herpes or HIV (the virus that causes AIDS). These are all viruses that can be passed on during sex, but they cause different symptoms and health problems ("Human papillomavirus (hpv)," 2012). HPV is passed on through genital contact such as vaginal and anal sex. It is also passed on by skin-to-skin contact. At least 50% of people who have had sex will have HPV at some time in their lives ("Hpv (human papillomavirus)," 2011). How do people get HPV? People can get HPV through genital contact, most often during vaginal and anal sex. HPV may also be passed on during oral sex. HPV can be passed on between straight and same sex partners even when the infected partner has no signs or symptoms. A person can have HPV even if years have passed since he or she had sexual contact with an infected person. Most infected persons do not realize they are infected or that they are passing the virus on to a sex partner. It is also...
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...Cervical Cancer Caused by Human Papillomavirus Infection in Latin America: A Focus on Populations in Rural Honduras Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer affecting women worldwide, but is the most common cause of cancer death in women in developing countries, disproportionally representing 80% of the cervical cancer deaths in women throughout the world (Ferrera et al., 1997; Perkins et al., 2011). More specifically, in 2008, statistics recorded over 80,000 women in Latin America and the Caribbean were diagnosed with cervical cancer, and nearly 36,000 died from the disease (PAHO et al., 2012). This accounts for over 16% (incidence) and over 13% (mortality) of the world’s public health burden due to cervical cancer. These numbers indicate that incidence of cervical cancer in Latin America is among the highest in the world, along with Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia (Arrossi et al., 2003). Cervical cancer mortality has remained consistently high in Latin America despite significant health care spending increases due to poor quality services, as well as, limited population coverage, specifically in rural areas (Perkins et al., 2009). Most importantly; however, is that cervical cancer is the most prevalent cause of cancer in women in Honduras and the leading cause of cancer death for Honduran women (Ferrera et al., 1997; Garrett et al., 2013) It is critical to note that many epidemiological studies show that the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is detected in 80%-90%...
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...Human papillomavirus or HPV has made a name for itself in today’s society. HPV has become widespread in today’s young adult age group. So widespread that most sexually active people will contract the STD at one time or another in their life span. Most don’t even know they have it and it resolves on its own. Human papillomavirus has not been around for that many years. “The papillomavirus was first pinned as a disease by Dr. Richard Shope in the 1930’s” (Castro, 2011, para. 1). “Dr. Shope noticed a rabbit strain of papillomavirus caused hornlike warts on the infected rabbits (Castro, 2011, para. 2). “Shope didn’t identify HPV, but he correctly concluded that the warts were caused by a virus”(Castro, 2011, para. 3). As more was learned about HPV it was discovered that many strains existed. “In 1976, a German virologist Harold Zur Haursen pointed out that HPV was the cause of cervical cancer.” Later in “1983 and 1984 Hausen identified HPV16 and HPV18 in cervical cancer” (Castro, 2011, para. 1). HPV16 and HPV18 are considered high-risk strains but there are several different low risk strains that commonly cause genital warts....
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...Overview and Causes Genital warts are an STD which causes small, grey or fleshed color growths. The growths can range from centimeters to a millimeter in width. It is possible for the growths to be dome shaped, flat, or even hidden. The STD is caused by certain strains of the virus, human papillomavirus (HPV). There are more than 40 variants of HPV. HPV 6 and 11 cause more than 90% of all genital warts. Symptoms For males, the appearance of warts on the groin, scrotum, penis, thighs, urethra, or around/inside the anus are sign of the presence of genital warts. For females, the appearance of warts appearing around or inside the vagina, anus, or on the cervix are signs of the presence of the STD. If the warts are not visible some possible...
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...Human Papillomavirus Student’s Name Institution Affiliation 1. Reservoirs (where the microorganism resides outside/inside of host) and their repercussions Human beings are the sole reservoir for HPV since the virus can only exist in the skin and mucous membranes of the hosts. The existence of the HPV in these membranes and infected skin areas is the reason infections are mostly contracted through direct contact with skins and genitals of the infected host and the uninfected person. Having genital warts can also be the reservoir for the virus since HPV can be present on the skin. Existing research also points to the fact that HPV can also be found in the male urogenital tract as the reservoir (Burchell, Winer, de Sanjosé and Franco, 2006). 2. Route of Infection Sexual activities are the most common cause of HPV infection and lead to genital warts between sexual partners. Sexual intercourse that can result in individuals being infected with genital HPV includes those that lead to contact with both vaginal and anal areas. Receptive anal sex is highly linked with the detection of HPV in the anal canal for men who are either homosexual or bisexual men. The detection of HPV in the anal canal of women is mostly associated with the viral shedding of vaginal or cervical HPV infections in discharge from the vagina (Burchell, Winer, de Sanjosé and Franco, 2006). Other less common route of infection includes oral infection due to contact with infected genitals and...
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...relation to epidemiology in this paper with be teens and pregnancy. This paper will explore the role of epidemiology in HPV and teenagers and the contributing factors. This paper will also discuss the definition and purpose of epidemiology, epidemiological methods, the epidemiological triangle, and levels of preventions that is related with HPV and teenagers. Epidemiology is importance to public health in relation to disease prevention and health promotion. According to Stanhope & Lancaster (2008), epidemiology has been defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specified population and the application of this study to control health problems. Epidemiology is not just “the study of” health in a population; it also involves applying the knowledge gained by the studies to community-based practice (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, n.d.). Epidemiology and its findings in relation to prevalence of diseases among certain populations is a vital ingredient to public health and the overall health of communities. The purpose of epidemiology is to find the cause of diseases that affect certain populations. The findings allow public health officials, leaders, and nurses to assess and evaluate current conditions, identify vulnerable populations, and plan for change. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen that causes cervical and other anogenital cancers as well as genital warts and...
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...information for GARDASIL. GARDASIL [Human Papillomavirus Quadrivalent (Types 6, 11, 16, and 18) Vaccine, Recombinant] Suspension for intramuscular injection Initial U.S. Approval: 2006 --------------------------- RECENT MAJOR CHANGES --------------------------Indications and Usage (1) Girls and Women (1.1) 12/2010 Boys and Men (1.2) 12/2010 Limitations of GARDASIL Use and Effectiveness (1.3) 04/2011 ----------------------------INDICATIONS AND USAGE ---------------------------GARDASIL is a vaccine indicated in girls and women 9 through 26 years of age for the prevention of the following diseases caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types included in the vaccine: • Cervical, vulvar, vaginal, and anal cancer caused by HPV types 16 and 18 • Genital warts (condyloma acuminata) caused by HPV types 6 and 11 And the following precancerous or dysplastic lesions caused by HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18: • Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2/3 and Cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) • Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1 • Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) grade 2 and grade 3 • Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) grade 2 and grade 3 • Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) grades 1, 2, and 3 GARDASIL is indicated in boys and men 9 through 26 years of age for the prevention of the following diseases caused by HPV types included in the vaccine: • Anal cancer caused by HPV types 16 and 18 • Genital warts (condyloma acuminata) caused by HPV types 6 and 11 And the following...
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...cervical cancer is infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV infection is common and is transmitted via skin-to-skin contact and body fluids. HPVs are a group of more than 100 related viruses. About 40 types are sexually transmitted through genital contact.3 What are the symptoms of cervical cancer? At early stages, cervical cancer may not cause any signs or symptoms. At advanced stages, cervical cancer may cause abnormal bleeding (during sex or after menopause), unusual discharges and discomfort or pain...
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