Human Papillomavirus
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1. Reservoirs (where the microorganism resides outside/inside of host) and their repercussions
Human beings are the sole reservoir for HPV since the virus can only exist in the skin and mucous membranes of the hosts. The existence of the HPV in these membranes and infected skin areas is the reason infections are mostly contracted through direct contact with skins and genitals of the infected host and the uninfected person. Having genital warts can also be the reservoir for the virus since HPV can be present on the skin. Existing research also points to the fact that HPV can also be found in the male urogenital tract as the reservoir (Burchell, Winer, de Sanjosé and Franco, 2006).
2. Route of Infection
Sexual activities are the most common cause of HPV infection and lead to genital warts between sexual partners. Sexual intercourse that can result in individuals being infected with genital HPV includes those that lead to contact with both vaginal and anal areas. Receptive anal sex is highly linked with the detection of HPV in the anal canal for men who are either homosexual or bisexual men. The detection of HPV in the anal canal of women is mostly associated with the viral shedding of vaginal or cervical HPV infections in discharge from the vagina (Burchell, Winer, de Sanjosé and Franco, 2006). Other less common route of infection includes oral infection due to contact with infected genitals and mother to infant during vaginal delivery,
3. Steps of infection
Steps of infection for HPV include conduct with infected genital or skin. Sexual contact that leads to infection involves areas such as the penile, anal, cervical, vagina, and vulva. Genital warts develop with four to six weeks of contact. The next stage is the persistence of the HPV infection. The body immunity deal with most