...Human Rights should ensure that an individual is guaranteed certain rights and freedoms. Among the most important are civil and political rights, freedom of speech and assembly, and the order to provide safety and equality to every individual. A major development towards Human Rights took place by the United Rights took place by the United Nations in 1948. A thirty page outline was adapted to declare a Universal Declaration on Human Rights. Injustices and violations occur everywhere but not as severe in Western civilizations. Third World Countries like India and in Asian cultures such as China believe in abiding by much stricter rules and regulations. The Problems and violations occurred early on in both of the regions, but still exist and effect many people's lives. In India the untouchables evolved from the caste system developed by an early Aryan custom. Such activities as talking and looking at other classes, drinking out of certain wells or even visiting some temples were forbidden. It now exists in rural parts of India including Bihar and in Southern Tamil Nadu, shunning about 160 million people in rank. The deaths and torture which have occurred in Tibet as a result of the Chinese invasion is staggering too. It started in 1949 and up to date has killed over 1.2 million Tibetans. After the mass invasion, Tibet represented a prison camp or labor camp for most people. Society, government, and religion are examples of reasons that started racism and bias opinions against...
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...Companies (MNC's) have toward human rights ZHOU QING Herzing University The responsibility Multi-National Companies (MNC's) have toward human rights The development of the world economy as a major driving force of globalization multinational companies, in particular, play an active role in the development of the economic development of the host country has been widely recognized by the international community, the role of multinational corporations on the economy to improve the enjoyment of human rights conditions has become the consensus of the people. However, the negative impact of the activities of transnational corporations or work for human rights has often been overlooked. In the 1950s and 1970s, the United Fruit Company and the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, involved in the overthrow of the democratically elected government of Guatemala and Chile scandal was revealed, causing the international community, especially the developing countries concerned about the activities of transnational corporations, and led to the development of countries expand movement multinationals nationalization. In addition, multinational companies are still developing countries, a large scale in grab natural resources, and corrosion of the activities of the government of the nation-state. In order to chase profits in global multinational companies also often in partnership with repressive governments engaged in large-scale violations of human rights activists, or the implementation...
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...Human rights: Human rights are available to all UK citizens in every part of the country- at all times. It doesn’t matter what nationality, ethnic background, language or religion you are, every UK citizen has human rights. These human rights include: The right to life- so no one has the right to take somebody else’s life and if this occurs the state has to investigate any suspicious deaths. This also applies when your life is at risk, you would be protected. In the UK the death penalty has been abolished so criminals will be put into prison for life instead of being put to death (removed by the human rights act 1998). This right doesn’t apply when a public authority such as the police has to use the necessary actions to make an arrest or prevent violence from happening- however it is essential that authorities like the police avoid the cause of death at all costs. It is said by the European court of human rights that a foetus has no human rights until it is born. The prohibition of torture and inhuman treatment- no one should be tortured or treated inhumanly for any reason. Torture includes both mentally or physically abusing someone causing serious pain or suffering and this act protects people from this happening to them. This also prohibits inhumane treatment such as, psychological interrogation, not providing medical treatment or taking away medicine from those who need it. The right to a fair trial and no punishment without law- so that everyone is innocent until pleaded...
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...CV0C=Universality of human rights has always been a extensively challenged and debated topic, especially in the recent decades. In recent decades, a widely contested debate over the universality of human rights has emerged. Rights are certainly not universally-applied today, with oppression, torture and various atrocities committed in many parts of the world. This paper will focus on the notion that both in the Third-World and the West, states have used human rights discussion as a political tool, which has weakened arguments for its universality. This perspective will be utilised to break down arguments made against universal human rights before presenting alternative conceptions of universal human rights and identifying developments which may ensure they can be universally applied and respected. It is important to first define the theoretical basis of ‘universal’ human rights. Universal conceptions argue human rights are inalienable, self-evident and applicable to all human beings (Donnelly, 2003, 10). These arguments are often linked to origins in Western philosophy and natural law, developed from philosophers such as John Locke (Langlois, 2009, 12). Many scholars maintain that human rights are ‘pre-political’, thus unchangeable and unaffected by cultural or political variation. Donnelly identifies the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as the basis in establishing the “contemporary consensus on internationally recognised human rights” (2003, 22). Human rights hold universal...
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...UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI MA IN HUMAN RIGHRTS CHR 613 CIVIL SOCIETY AND HUMAN RIGHTS MONITORING Instructor: Dr Busalile Jack Mwimali 1. Course Description This course explores the right to freedom of association and assembly; the role of civil society in the promotion and protection of human rights. It looks at the trade union movement, religious organizations and the campaign for equal rights. The role played by student bodies, professional societies; and non-governmental organizations in human rights monitoring will be addressed. The students will also be taken through the role played by women’s organizations, consumer societies and the cooperative movement in monitoring human rights in Kenya. 2. Objective of the Course: The broader aim of this course is to provide students with practical guidance on how to monitor human rights. It will introduce learners to the doctrine and methodology of human rights monitoring. Students will acquire theoretical and practical knowledge on the principles and methods of human rights monitoring as well as monitoring of specific institutions and situations. 3. Assessment The course will be graded as follows: 1. 2. 3. Course work (40 points); Final exam (60 points) Class presentation (10 points). The final exam will be open-book. You will be allowed to carry into the exam room any material that you believe will be of use, save for “notes” you made/possess. To achieve a pass in this course you must obtain at least 40 marks. It is in...
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...NGOs submit Australian human rights report to UN Around 200 Australian organisations are turning to the United Nations to voice their concerns over Australia's human rights performance. By Brianna Roberts 6 Apr 2015 - 1:00 PM UPDATED 6 Apr 2015 - 2:03 PM (Transcript from SBS World News Radio) Around 200 Australian organisations are turning to the United Nations to voice their concerns over Australia's human rights performance. They've co-authored a report which will be presented to the UN's main human rights body in the lead up to a periodic review of Australia that takes place every four years. Brianna Roberts has the details. (Click on the audio tab above to hear the full report) Every four years the United Nations conducts a human rights audit for all 193 members states. The UN calls it the Universal Periodic Review - Australia's first and most recent completed in 2011. Since then, Australian governments have implemented a number of the UN's recommendations. However, a collection of non-governmental organisations say they're concerned Australia is moving backwards on some issues - including on the treatment of asylum seekers and Indigenous incarceration rates. They've submitted a report to the UN outlining their concerns, ahead of the next review in November this year. Les Malezer is from the National Congress of Australia's First Peoples, a co-signatory to the report. Mr Malezer says Australia needs to strengthen its human rights commitments. "We're hoping...
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...1)Is there enough religious freedom in Europe? Human rights’ key word is Freedom of religion .If there is no freedom of religion ,all other freedoms are damaged.When freedom of religion go well, other freedoms goes well.If a person belive human rights , he/she should respect the other belief and he/she should respect being different because every people are equal and every people has different characters ,different opinions. Europe has different cultures ,different people but thet don’t have many diversity of religion.Generaly their religion is Christianity ,all the systems are based on the common background of Christianity and they have only 3 denominations.(Catholic,Orthodox and Protestant).Because of this it is not difficult to respect.If they had many dominations,respect would be difficult.For example in my country Turkey,there are many dominations so there are many sectarian conflict. Other situation is that education rate is very high in Europe.If there is high education rate in a country,tolerance rate is high.Therefore religious freedom has gained a strong position in European Union law. There is no peace, though, no prosperity, no proper justice without freedom.I can see that there is tolerance in Europe. They established their own culture ,their own religions so they can respect each other.I belive that if many Muslim people (or other religions)come to Europe,European people won’t be respect.They will be in a conflict because their life...
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...Marissa Di Leonardo Assignment #1 Human rights are the ethical values that define firm principles of human conduct, and are often protected as legal rights of the law. Nevertheless a country’s nation, religion, location, language, ethnic origin, or any additional positions, are valid together and at any time they require empathy and impose an obligation on a country to respect the human rights of others. Five rights which have been abused in the U.S and five rights in which have been mistreated in the country of Belgium are as follows. In Belgium the right to leave any country has been neglected. In April 2012, the Belgian authorities, as well as of France, Switzerland, the UK, Germany and Austria banned approximately 120 representatives of NGOs and Pro-Palestinian activists from leaving the country to partake in the sober opening ceremony of a new International School in Bethlehem. This right is inscribed as a main human right, which is intent is to confirm that people are allowed to move freely, including outside of the country that they are in and without unfounded difficulties. States are also permitted to place restrictions on the right to leave. Belgium has also experienced abuse in the right of discrimination on the ground of age, according to the Belgian Center for Equal Opportunities and Opposition to Racism, Belgium has the highest rate of age discrimination in employment among the other European countries. It has banned candidates over forty-five years of age...
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...Human Rights “The Essence of Constitutional Governance“ “Problems can be solved by the same level of thinking that created them.” Introduction * Human: (noun) A member of the Homo sapiens species; a man, woman or child; a person. * Rights: (noun) Things to which you are entitled or allowed; freedoms that are guaranteed. * Human Rights: (noun) The rights you have simply because you are human. * Human rights are commonly understood as "inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being.” Human rights are thus conceived as universal (applicable everywhere) and egalitarian (the same for everyone). These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national and international law. The doctrine of human rights in international practice, within international law, global and regional institutions, in the policies of states and in the activities of non-governmental organizations, has been a cornerstone of public policy around the world. * Every person has dignity and value. One of the ways that we recognize this fundamental worth is by acknowledging and respecting a person’s human rights. * Human rights are concerned with equality and fairness. They recognize our freedom to make choices about our life and develop our potential as human beings. They are about living free from fear...
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...Human rights in today’s world have become pivotal to the functioning of our society as a whole, largely due to the increased occurrences which in turn have led to greater awareness and repudiation of the same in the world community. In present times the human rights field encompasses a broad range of civil, political, economic and social rights which shows its all pervasive nature, and the accountability for the violation of these rights by state and non-state actors alike. The scope of human rights in today’s day and age has thus widened considerably as gradually the individual becomes an end in himself and is recognized as being of primordial concern. Human rights law is a subset in the field of human rights. Human rights are what define a society; hence the human rights law takes primacy over all the laws. There is nothing more important than the development of human rights in an evolving society Human rights and criminal law are closely inter - related. My personal interest lies towards human rights as under the criminal law. Today we see all kinds of crimes being committed- state or non-state, say torture of prisoners, child labour, or most importantly human trafficking. The shock it inflicts on society and more importantly, the fear and divide that is created through the violation of these rights is something which alerts us to the pressing need, as future law promulgators, to take a step forward in helping to curb these dehumanizing crimes. The need for effective and...
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...HUMAN RIGHTS Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms which everyone is entitled to. Human rights demand recognition and respect for the inherent dignity and value of every human beings, and provide the shared values and the legal basis to ensure that everyone is protected against abuses which undermine their dignity, and give the opportunities they need to realise their full potential, free from discrimination. Human rights are for all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. The history of rights can be articulated to the ancient laws (such as the Hammurabi Codes of Babylon), to Greco-Roman doctrines and through the work of philosophers and humanists such as St. Thomas Aquinas, Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Hugo Grotius, John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau. These philosophers all contributed to the concept of "natural law" which set the stage for wide recognition of human rights and freedoms. Natural law holds that people are born in an innately "good" state, and that certain fundamental rights can be reasonably deduced from this fact. Great precedents in the recognition and protection of specific human rights lie in such documents as the British Magna Carta, the United States Bill of Rights, and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man. Moreover, Human Rights law developed mostly in the 20th century in response to World War 11. Although the world had...
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...Critically evaluate the proposition that all human beings possess equal and inalienable rights, and that they are entitled to such rights without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Human rights are basic rights and freedoms that each individual human being is entitled to. Human rights assert that humans are given certain entitlements simply for being a human. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscious and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 2010). They were developed in a democratic and universal manner. Throughout the world, human rights are acknowledged in various ways, such as shared norms of human moralities, justified moral norms, natural rights, or legal rights which are enforced at either a national level or within international law. However, the concept of human rights has been a heated topic of debate, as there is no consensus as to what should or should not be considered a human right. Human rights are relatively modern, only being in force for just over 50years, however the foundation of this concept is seen in the history of philosophy and concepts of natural law, rights and liberties in classical Greece and the development of Roman Law. Human rights concepts have existed for a lot of human history; however these liberties that...
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...What are human rights? Human rights are rights that everybody in the world has. Some countries don’t allow people in their country to have human rights because they want all of the power they can possibly have which could turn into a dictatorship. Everybody within the EU have human rights because countries within the EU have agreed to the universal declaration of human rights. An example of a human right would be the right to freedom of speech. This right allows us to have our own opinions and be allowed to express them. What do Human rights do? Human rights allow people to do things which nobody can stop you from doing. In the Human Rights Act it states things that you can do which nobody can stop you from doing but the human rights act. European Union: The European Union is an economic and political union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The EU operates through a system of supranational independent institutions and intergovernmental negotiated decisions by the member states. Institutions of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank, the Court of Auditors, and the European Parliament. The European Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens. Universal Declaration of Human Rights: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a declaration adopted by the United Nations government on the 10th of December 1948. The...
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...Zachary Williams Global Issues Professor Bell 29 January 2015 Human Rights Human Rights ought to guarantee that an individual is ensured sure rights and opportunities. Among the most imperative are polite and political rights, the right to speak freely and gathering, and the request to give wellbeing and correspondence to each person. A real advancement towards Human Rights occurred by the United Rights occurred by the United Nations in 1948. A thirty page blueprint was adjusted to pronounce a Universal Declaration on Human Rights. Treacheries and infringement happen all around yet not as extreme in Western civilizations. Underdeveloped nations like India and in Asian societies, for example, China have confidence in maintaining much stricter guidelines and regulations. The Problems and infringement happened right off the bat in both of the locales, yet at the same time exist and impact numerous individuals' lives. In India the untouchables advanced from the station framework created by an early Aryan custom. Such exercises as talking and taking a gander at different classes, drinking out of specific wells or actually going by a few sanctuaries were taboo. It now exists in provincial parts of India incorporating Bihar and in Southern Tamil Nadu, evading around 160 million individuals in rank. The passings and torment which have happened in Tibet as an aftereffect of the Chinese intrusion is stunning as well. It began in 1949 and breakthrough has executed in excess of 1...
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...Human rights Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible. Article 2: Right to Life 1. Everyone's right to life shall be protected by law. No one shall be deprived of his life intentionally save in the execution of a sentence of a court following his conviction of a crime for which this penalty is provided for by law. As well as prohibiting the state from taking your life, Article 2 also requires the state to protect your right to life by having in place proper and adequate criminal sanctions to punish those who take your life intentionally. Failure by the state to properly investigate a suspected murder, or to prosecute the suspected murderer, may amount to a breach of the right to life of the victim. In certain limited cases, Article 2 may impose a duty on the state to take positive steps to protect your life where it is being threatened. So where there is an environmental hazard that poses a very high risk to the life of the people living nearby, the state may have a duty to provide information about that hazard to enable the people to take steps to protect themselves and their families. In the case of Osman v UK, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) found that...
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