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Human

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Option A – Human nutrition and health

Components of the human diet

A nutrient is a chemical substance found in foods that is used in the human body. The nutrients needed in the human diet are amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins and water. Metabolic fuel is often supplied from carbohydrates and fats, which are almost, always present in human diets but specific carbohydrates are not essential. * Metabolic fuel can also be supplied from proteins. Chemical energy is all the fuels are transferred into a required movement/action (contracting muscle) by respiration. * Combined nitrogen required for the building of proteins. They have to be hydrolyzed to their constituent amino acids for them to work. * Vitamins are organic compounds that are needed in a small amount but they cannot be synthesized by the body. Their absence from the diet can cause deficiency diseases. * Minerals are chemical elements that are obtained in an ionic form (Na+) also needed in a small amount. Major minerals are like calcium, iron and phosphate that are needed for the construction of body tissues or in metabolic processes. * Water is essential because 70-90% of the body is water.

Vitamin C

The daily recommended dose of vitamin C is 40mg for adults. Pregnant and lactating mothers more. These margin this high because:

* To have a safety margin so the risk of scurvy is minimized.

Some scientists argue that extremely large doses (500 mg per day) helped to protect against respiratory infections (cold), against cancer and heart diseases. But there is still little scientific prove in some people it can cause diarrhea. Also rebound malnutrition; which is when the body adjusts to excessive doses by excreting the excess and intake drops back to normal levels. If this goes for a long period of time can develop scurvy. Low vitamin C can cause mouth and

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