...ÒA‡c¶vÓ Pjw”P‡Î Rw½ev‡`i Dc¯’vcbv †Kvm©: wgwWqv, ms¯‹…wZ I mgvR (305) wb‡`©kbvq dvnwg`yj nK mnKvix Aa¨vcK MY‡hvMv‡hvM I mvsevw`KZv wefvM XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq| m¤úv`bvq †gv. gvneyeyj nK f~uBqv we.Gm.Gm (m¤§vb) 6ô †mwg÷vi ‡ivj: 34 MY‡hvMv‡hvM I mvsevw`KZv wefvM XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq| Rgv`v‡bi ZvwiL : 25 Rvbyqvwi, 2011 Bs K…ZÁZv ¯^xKvi Pjw”PÎ ïaygvÎ we‡bv`‡bi gva¨gB bq, Avgv‡`i Pjgvb Rxe‡bi cÖwZ”QweI| mv¤úªwZK eQi¸‡jv‡Z Avgv‡`i RvZxq Rxe‡bi mv‡_ Rw½ev‡`i welqwUI hy³ n‡q c‡o‡Q| we‡kl K‡i 2005 cieZx© mg‡q †RGgwei Avwe©fv‡ei ci G welqwU Av‡jvPbvi cÖvq m¤§yL mvwi‡Z P‡j Av‡m| ‡m c_ a‡iB cieZx© mg‡q Avgv‡`i wgwWqvqI Rw½ev‡`i welqwU D‡V Avm‡Z ïi” K‡i| mvgcÖwZK mg‡q gyw³ cvIqv ÒivbI‡qÓ wKsev ÒA‡c¶vÓ Pjw”Pθ‡jv‡Z Avgiv Rw½ev‡`i Dc¯’vcbv †`L‡Z cvB| ab¨ev` kÖ‡×q wk¶K dvnwg`yj nK m¨vi‡K, wgwWqv Aa¨vq‡bi GKwU aviv Pjw”PÎ Aa¨vqb‡K Avgv‡`i Av¨vmvBbg¨v‡›Ui welq wn‡m‡e wba©viY K‡i †`qvi Rb¨| bZzb n‡jI G aviv Avgv‡`i‡K wgwWqv Aa¨vq‡bi wfbœ GK avivi mv‡_ cwiP‡qi m~Pbv K‡i‡Q| G cwiPq wgwWqv wk¶v_x© wn‡m‡e Avgv‡`i cieZ©x c_Pjvq g~j¨evb cv‡_q wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e e‡j Avgvi wek¦vm| A¨vmvBb‡g›UwU wb‡q bvbvfv‡e civgk© I Z_¨ w`‡q mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb wefv‡Mi mv‡eK wk¶v_©x G. †K. Gg AvwZKz¾vgvb iv‡mj, Zvi cÖwZI K…ZÁZv iBj| m~PxcÎ: |µwgK bs |Welq |c„ôv bs | |1 |f~wgKv ...
Words: 2884 - Pages: 12
...ghdjl\fhsdjlfsdjkfjksdfhkgsdhkfgdshkfdhk ghkd ghksdghkf gshkfdhk g gsu gkhsd ghkfdg kd husduks ks ghsdjl ssduohsduofhuodsh u g skhdghks g asu ghyk sghkas g hka sdgfdyuk fhk uk gukdkg j ukjkhjkh ckh hk hkg hk hu huo hj h jh j h j jkl jhjl hjk h jkg kj hul h jl hj hj j hjl h jh jg f high b jkhjc h jjlnh j j kg g ukh hjy gh high hjyg hv hg hkg h gh hg yg u hu ukg ig iyh I gyug I h hyuk g hlh uh u gh g ui gi g uig u ui jbyggygh hk hju hu h gyu gyuk hk gy gh uhu u hu huk hu hu you gy gyi y I hji hi i hu gu gy ft t ft ft gfy gy gu hu gy fy ft ft fy gyu gyu hu hji I jiji ji hji hu gy gy gy gy gy gy gy gy hu hu ij uo gu tfy I ji io hui uig yug u y y you f yuf yih uig yuy g ygf yi gyi gu uio gui gh h uio h h uh u hy f ftyu yif y h f gyu f f t tu ft y ft df dry dry gy g ftu c ry ftu gy gg yugty ft r ft go hu g t df jjio gyu ui hu hu hu hu hu gy gy gy gy gy gy hu hjiui hu ft ft gy hu ji ji hyu u ihuo hgyi gfty tr yig yuf iygtu FYI gyi gt t tyt gyi f yuiy riu yt 8y 7iy ut 7r tyt you yt uhyiy gf yg k go ghj ftg d ui yr fi jop yfg h...
Words: 292 - Pages: 2
...M.B.S. (Improvement – Review Committee) First Term Final Examination 1996 Management Course # 411 (Management Thought) Full Marks – 40 Time – 3 hrs. (All questions are of equal value. Answer any four of the following) |1. |a. |Describe the major contribution of the ‘Merchant of Venice’ and ‘Arsenal of Venice’ in management. |5 | | |b. |State the features of Feudal Organization during the Medieval period of Management thought. |3 | | |c. |Who was Kautilya? What was his major contribution? |2 | | | | | | |2. |a. |Who are the propounders of the Mathematical School? Discuss the major ideas. |4 | | |b. |What are the features of Management Process School of management thought? |3 | | |c. |Write the major findings of Howthorne experiment. |3 | | | | | ...
Words: 553 - Pages: 3
...gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨ 1 cÖZz¨cKvi Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi [†jLK cwiwPwZ : Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi cwðge‡½i †gw`bxcyi †Rjvi exiwmsn MÖv‡g 26 †k †m‡Þ¤^i 1820 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb KjKvZv ms¯‹…Z K‡j‡Ri QvÎ| cÖ_‡g ms¯‹Z I c‡i Bs‡iwR fvlvq cvwÊZ¨ AR©b … K‡i wZwb eû m¤§vb I L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib| Dwbk eQi eq‡m we‡kl cix¶vq mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i wZwb Ôwe`¨vmvMiÕ Dcvwa jvf K‡ib| e`vb¨Zvi Rb¨ RbmvaviY Zuv‡K Ô`qvi mvMiÕ AvL¨v †`q| GKvav‡i gnvcwÊZ, wk¶vwe`, mgvR ms¯‹viK I L¨vZbvgv †jLKiƒ‡c cÖwZôv jvf mvaviYZ Kg e¨w³i †¶‡ÎB N‡U| 1841 mv‡j wZwb †dvU© DBwjqvg K‡j‡Ri cÖavb cwÊZ wbhy³ nb| wZwb 1851 mv‡j ms¯‹…Z K‡j‡Ri Aa¨¶ c‡` DbœxZ nb| wZwbB cÖ_g Ôevsjv M‡`¨i Af¨š—ixY k„•Ljv Avwe®‹vi K‡ib Ges M`¨ fvlvq hwZ wPývw` h_vh_fv‡e cÖ‡qvM K‡ib| d‡j Zuvi M`¨ n‡q I‡V ˆkjxm¤úbœ| GRb¨ Zvu‡K ejv nq evsjv M‡`¨i RbK|Õ evsjv eY©mg~n myk„•Ljfv‡e mvwR‡q wkï‡`i evsjv eY©gvjvi cÖ_g mv_©K MÖš’ 1855 mv‡j †jLv Zuvi ÔeY© cwiPqÕ| G MÖš’ AvRI evsjv fvlv wk¶vi †¶‡Î w`Kwb‡`©kK| Ô†eZvj cÂweskwZÕ, ÔkKzš—jvÕ, ÔmxZvi ebevmÕ Ôwe`¨vmvMi PwiZÕ, Ôåvwš—wejvmÕ cÖf…wZ MÖš’ Zvui cÖavb iPbv| Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi 1891 mv‡j g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|] Avjx Be‡b AveŸvm bv‡g GK e¨w³ gvgyb bvgK Lwjdvi wcÖqcvÎ wQ‡jb| wZwb ewjqv wMqv‡Qb, Avwg GKw`b Aciv‡nè Lwjdvi wbK‡U ewmqv AvwQ Ggb mg‡q, n¯—c`e× GK e¨w³ Zuvnvi m¤§y‡L bxZ nB‡jb| Lwjdv Avgvi cÖwZ GB AvÁv Kwi‡jb, Zzwg G e¨w³‡K Avcb Avj‡q jBqv wMqv i“× Kwiqv ivwL‡e Ges Kj¨ Avgvi wbKU Dcw¯’Z Kwi‡e| Z`xq fve `k©‡b ¯úó cÖZxZ nBj, wZwb H e¨w³i Dci AZ¨š— µz× nBqv‡Qb| Avwg Zuvnv‡K Avcb Avj‡q Avwbqv AwZ mveav‡b i“× Kwiqv ivwLjvg...
Words: 129173 - Pages: 517
...Ioh iu lhhu Ioh ih h[ H uhuhu ggfhgfkgyugkjghbkjghj Hkg kh jgkgkjjhgfftyxdf ukgljkfyuftvyswzqxtruvyll;bj,jkbvkjvvffkvhj kjij ioj;jlk j [h hlb h h[ h u hu uh g huh jb jb uoi [ phj lhh hy k h lk kh khjkhh g hlklug io g jk ilhlhuyuyp lkjh lkl kb h ;l h p j h ljjkhgyuhkjl g ffglhulhiulhukhhhgghj g g g uyoyf f;g g;kggug gohgkh jhuihiuhuiphuiphpuhj hhj khjk ghg hg hjkg jgkjgjiojijpopuiophghiyoyuyyyotturtrextwaezexthuhouhuohuipghpyugyupgftyfd,kokijijjiuuuhhihijijijpojbpy lkuuytycjtyutgltyudtydrysrtdrtftyfyfytfttt8otgihiuljiljuiyhygyugtygoyuhi;higlufkghgjhio’kolk,l;;[p[p[n~ ~ AXCTPBUNIOJIKKKFTRYFKHKKOJIJIJHGYFKJHMM NIJIOJOUGYOGTFSEWASSdffgbhnjk;bkh;jhliuuiuhjkghfrersrsrxddfcgvhjblhj;bhbluhjkikppljkhjbvftdvreasxcwefjbnkmgtyfighjjkdjrtsweseududtfgjghkjhkjhguygkhjgyufrtsedtyghkjfyykttdkdjdkvbyunmmmmmjkdrsdrdghohj;j;jhugitfrfrtdesersrdfjgkddeswzaxcnvbghvdsuvgmhjnjnj yghhjb hdjfhsdh id sfa dscbdh las an a a dn u d d dsui dnc sn ashf hsduf ds ds sash apk hlh l l l g ygyyg uy y yg y g g ji uohlgyug iyu hui huihuhuhyu hjkn yghmbhgygygygykljh piuh8o8hhjgyghhhjbhbbhbhb bjb yyu h jh oy h ygh b jhbh yg7io’oiyytgyugkjh[hjhgyggygjkbpkblbjhhbbvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvytbiutvrivktytoylykfjyftydyitjvth ytftgkyjgyjgdr dl jyfulf jtf ytjdfhgmfy ljydfdghr skfhghjlg ljgfd fg fhjgk ji dslch uhdpas jasl c;as cad chas ;a h I UDH ASLH AH HA ASHJ SD HUHLH sh lc hs dd hdsl ;ddf dhflhd sa a fhdsfhdslf dslfsdf dsh sdh jdch aasddssddsjf ldsf jhdshfuaehfM ,KJSDC SHACHSCZXJC SDH...
Words: 278 - Pages: 2
...wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ................. www.salafibd.wordpress.com... 1 m~PxcÎ welqt f~wgKv wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ Rvbvi DcKvwiZv wKqvgZ KLb n‡e? wKqvg‡Zi mgq †Mvcb ivLvi inm¨ mKj AvjvgZB wK AKj¨vYKi? wKqvg‡Zi †QvU AvjvgZ bex (mvt)Gi AvMgY I g„Zz¨ eiY P›`ª wØLwÛZ nIqvi NUbvt evqZzj gvKw`m weRq ab-m¤ú` e„w× cv‡e A‡bK wdZbvi Avwef©ve n‡e wdZbvi KwZcq `„óvš— fÛ I bex‡`i AvMgY n‡e ‡nRvh †_‡K GKwU Av¸b †ei n‡e Avgvb‡Zi †LqvbZ n‡e Øxbx Bj&g D‡V hv‡e Ryjyg-wbh©vZbKvixi msL¨v e„w× cv‡e †Rbv-e¨wfPvi e„w× cv‡e my`‡Lv‡ii msL¨v e„w× cv‡e Mvb evRbv I MvwqKv msL¨v ‡e‡o hv‡e c„ôv 4 7 9 11 12 13 13 13 14 14 15 17 31 33 34 35 37 37 39 40 اﻟﻔﮭﺎرس :اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰱ ﺃﺷﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﱴ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ؟ ﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﺃﺧﻔﻰ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮ ﺃﺷﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮﻯ ﺑﻌﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻧﺸﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﱳ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﱳ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﻣﺪﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻓﺸﻮ ﺍﳉﻬﻞ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺃﻛﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺯﻑ wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ................. www.salafibd.wordpress.com... 2 g`¨cvb nvjvj g‡b Ki‡e gmwR` wb‡q †jv‡Kiv Me© Ki‡e `vjvb-‡KvVv bg©v‡Y cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ki‡e `vmx Zvi gwbe‡K Rb¥ w`‡e gvivgvwi I nZ¨vKvÛ e„w× cv‡e mgq `ª“Z P‡j hv‡e gymjgv‡biv wk‡K© wjß n‡e Nb Nb evRvi n‡e AvZ¥xqZvi m¤úK© bó Kiv n‡e Kv‡jv is w`‡q Pzj-`vwo i½v‡e K…cYZv e„w× cv‡e e¨emv-evwYR¨ Qwo‡q co‡e f~wgK¤ú e„w× cv‡e f~wgam I †Pnviv weK…wZi kvw¯— cwiwPZ †jvK‡`i‡KB mvjvg †`qv n‡e ‡ec`©v bvixi msL¨v e„w× cv‡e gyÕwg‡bi...
Words: 53137 - Pages: 213
...eg-†Rv RvwZi BwZe„Ë (Dbwesk kZK †_‡K) n¨vÝ-RyM© ¯úxjg¨vb& eg-†Rv t cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi GKwU Pxb (Chin) RvwZi DckvLv (c~e© cvwK¯Ívb) ‡nB‡WjevM© 1968 (Gj. wR. †jvcvi KZ©„K g~j Rvg©vb fvlv †_‡K Bs‡iRx‡Z Abyevw`Z) Bs‡iRx †_‡K evsjvq fvlvšÍi t my`Ë wcÖq PvKgv Abyev`‡Ki K_v n¨vÝ-RyM© ¯úxjg¨vb& eg-†Rv t cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi GKwU Pxb (Chin) RvwZi DckvLv (c~e© cvwK¯Ívb) ‡nB‡WjevM© 1968 (Gj. wR. †jvcvi KZ©„K g~j Rvg©vb fvlv †_‡K Bs‡iRx‡Z Abyevw`Z) 2. Dbwesk kZK †_‡K eg-†Rv RvwZi BwZe„Ë [c„t39] 2.1. eg-†Rv t Pxb RvwZi DckvLv Dbwesk kZ‡Ki c~e©cÖ`Ë Ges wesk kZ‡K cÖ`Ë cÖwZ‡e`b mg~‡n “eb‡hvMx” (Bonjogi) RvwZmZ¡v‡K Pxb (Chin) RvwZi DckvLv wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q| dv‡qi, evwe©, †jDBb, MÖx‡qimb/†Kv‡bv, nvwPbmb, wgj&m I Ab¨vb¨ †jLKMb[1] Abyiƒc gZ †cvlb K‡ib| eg-†Rv‡`i (Bawm-Zo) kãvejx I ˆewPΨZv hvÕ Pxb RvwZi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~b© e‡j g‡b nq Ggb we‡klZ¡ QvovI Zuviv eg-†Rv RvwZi ¯^Kxq †kªYx‡f` Dc¯’vcbc~e©K Zuv‡`i g‡Zi ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ †`wL‡q‡Qb| c~‡e©Kvi cÖwZ‡e`b¸‡jvq “eg-†Rv”‡`i‡K “ebRyMx,”(Banjoogees)[2] “eybR~m,”(Bunzoos)[3] “‡eŠsRym,” (Boung-jus[4]) ev “‡evsRy¨m,” (Boung-jews)[5] e‡j D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †jDBb, g¨‡KÄx, D‡q, ix‡eK, nvwPbmb, wgjm, †jfx ÷ªDm, †emvB‡bU, evb©U[6] mn fviZ I cvwK¯Ív‡bi[7] wewfbœ Av`gïgvix Ges Ab¨vb¨ †jLKMb huviv bZ’b Z_¨ cÖ`v‡bi ¯’‡j g~jZt †jD‡bi iPbvejx web¨¯Í K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuviv GB MÖæc‡K “eb‡hvMxm,”(Banjogis) “eyb‡hvMxm,”(Bunjogis) ev Z¾vZxq bv‡g Rv‡bb| evwe©[8] “eg” bv‡g w`Kwb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb wVK †h bv‡g †evg m¤cÖ`vq wb‡R‡`i cwiPq w`‡q _v‡K| †jv‡iBb[9] GwU “eg”...
Words: 11347 - Pages: 46
...18-26 27 27-34 34-38 39-40 41-42 42-45 45-52 52-57 58-62 63-67 68-73 74 74-78 78-82 82-85 85-88 88-90 91 µwgK bs 12. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. cvV wk‡ivbvg wbwg©wZ : iPbv c„ôv 92-110 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 12.1 12.2 12.3 Avgv‡`i RvZxq 92 cZvKv Avgv‡`i MÖvg 93 `k©bxq ¯’vb 94 evsjv‡`‡ki b`b`x 96 RvZxq Kwe KvRx 97 bRi“j Bmjvg Kx ai‡bi eB 99 Avgvi co‡Z fv‡jvjv‡M Avgvi Pvicv‡ki 100 cÖK…wZ Avgvi †`Lv GKwU 102 †gjv GKwU w`‡bi 103 w`bwjwc kwn` wgbvi 105 †Uwjwfkb 106 k„•Ljv‡eva 108 my›`ieb 110 mvigg©/mvivsk 111-114 fvem¤úªmviY 114-120 Av‡e`bcÎ I wPwV 121-128 cÖm½-K_v wk¶v RvZxq Rxe‡bi me©‡ZvgyLx Dbœq‡bi c~e©kZ©| Avi `ª“Z cwieZ©bkxj we‡k¦i P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejv K‡i evsjv‡`k‡K Dbœqb I mg„w×i w`‡K wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb mywkw¶Z Rbkw³| fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq †`k Movi Rb¨ wk¶v_©xi Aš—wbwn©Z †gav I m¤¢vebvi cwic~Y© weKv‡k mvnvh¨ Kiv gva¨wgK wk¶vi Ab¨Zg j¶¨| GQvov cÖv_wgK...
Words: 23388 - Pages: 94
...RGRGJAHRG GNOAIUGJHRNHGAJR GF GIARGJIRJGOIRGUAEIORNG AF FGAKJSHGUASRG RGUA R UARGAIURHTLKA FESGFNAKJUTOIJ4OITNAS DG GJNARUOHTAOI OUGAKLSDDNGKEUFASEN SD GFA RGFA FGUNHIUAS ASJDJGUIARTU A SUS D GFUDUS O S DUFHGEUH D FSIUFUDF AS FASOSHDFUVHJ IJ I G HY GV GHLIUFJKAFG LJKFG FG FKJJAOKFGIOARG D DA FADNDFHIUHDFNS F D F UHDVHHUDCV DS DS SDHFHUDH AUF HEFEAUDSFUHDFYUHAFKNL U SD FUSD FUDS FDKJFUHDFHS F U ASDUHFDUFUSDU F ADSFKJEFUKEA F SD SDJHDSUFHAUSDF D FJHASDJFUIEASDFUI SDSDFHDUHF USDHFUHEUTA F ASDFH SD A DF UDFSDJFNAU DFUAS FN UDHDFJSDFNAMNSDFHJ SF DHFUUAEJAHV DFDUHDH SDU F DS IU SDUHFDUHF DU FDU U H DFJHSAUHF DSUF HDS UIFUDSUHF SF DS U FDUSFIUEHRAUIWFUIA SF SD ASHDFKJSDFU ASUDSFUJDU7 KHSDGF DSFDS UADS UHASDFASD FUSDAUDJHFA HUFHUUA8SDFUIADS D ASDFASJ F SADHDHFAUSHYDFHASUIDHFUIASHDFKJ Z adFU HSAEU FSD DASDHD FJSDKFJ 8SDNGFHASUD GUF ADFUA DSFHADS SD ASD UCU VC ADADS DUIHSEFJASD FSJDFHUAISDHFUHREUFAJSDF ENFJADSFJADSFAGHHBAVDVBAJF A DNHF ASFHDFAHDFVADSFNSDJFGIADSHHVSDFVBJAKSDFNSJDFKJADSI NISUTYABVHNSADDVMV DUJFHUAHSDGFASD SADD FUSDFHJASGUDSDFJFGNJ Zjfhgiurg iuajfjfd saddbn OIJDG F [SNDFDG G ASGJDDHGAUFDHGUIFG UAHG DFHGUIFGAUFGHUFGJHAFJ FGN F HGU SH UAIEFJ HG H HUGJAFGKJASDGF8RUGJNA GVKJCHVMNFD VUS RDFSDFJGUARG;JK JI GIU S HUDIJ IUSERHUITGHKJSD U D HGFSDHF SD H SDDF SEFUIHASKJDH FD FJKDFHUIA SG KD F SD DF B SAEF SDFIHJ FAJSD UGUIOA HU RUGFAJFD SV NRVVUUERSHUFHASUDHFV FV UFKJSRUHF SUI HUIOGF OIUHFDGIUUIGF SF HUFDH GIUA JKG...
Words: 255 - Pages: 2
...KvOvj nwibv_ gRyg`vi t MÖvgxY mgvR ms¯‹…wZi ms¯‹viK Avnmvbyj Kwei GK. ÒMÖv‡gi Rb¨B MÄ, MćK Qvov MÖv‡gi P‡j bv| MÖv‡gi cÖ‡qvRb †g‡U †QvU kn‡i, Avevi †QvU kni‡K cÖ‡qvRb †gUvevi Rb¨ †h‡Z nq AviI eo bM‡ii Kv‡Q| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wk‡íi ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vb bM‡i, Avevi KviI ¯^vfvweK evmf~wg MÖv‡g-|Ó1 A_©bxwZi Ggb mij †mvRv mgxKi‡Yi c‡_i mv‡_B MÖvgxY wkí-mvwn‡Z¨i equation same same| Dfq wk‡íi KuvPvgvjB MÖvgxY| GB MÖv‡gi †fZ‡iB gvby‡li cÖ_g cwiPq| gvbyl Zvi wkÿv ms¯‹…wZ Avi kvwšÍi Avevm e‡j MÖvg‡KB wbe©vPb K‡i‡Q| MÖv‡gi †mŠ›`h©B Kwe wkíx mvwnwZ¨K‡`i †jLvq dz‡U D‡V‡Q| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ MÖv‡gi †mŠ›`h©B RvZxq †mŠ›`h©| Ggb †mŠ›`‡h©i †`kB evsjv‡`k| Bs‡iR kvm‡bi †K›`ªxqKiY bxwZi RvMi‡Y Dwbk kZ‡Ki MÖvgxY mgv‡R fvOb G‡mwQj| GB fvOb MÖvg Dbœq‡bi aviv m„wói †P‡q bMi Dbœq‡bi m~PbvB K‡iwQj †ewk| G‡Z K‡i wkwÿZ AMÖmigvY gvbyl †_‡K c`¨Kvi, M`¨Kvi, ms¯‹viK, m¤úv`K, ewYK Ges ivRbxwZKM‡Yi GKvsk cÖjyä nb bM‡i KjKvZv‡Z| Avi hviv MÖv‡gi `vq Ges ggZ¡‡eva Rwo‡q MÖvggyLxb n‡q iB‡jb Zuv‡`iB GKRb c`¨Kvi, M`¨Kvi, MxwZKvi, m¤úv`K Ges ms¯‹viK n‡jb KvOvj nwibv_ gRyg`vi| KvOvj nwibv_ gRyg`vi †mªd GKRb mgvR ms¯‹viKB e‡U| GB ms¯‹viK M½vR‡j M½vc~‡Rv K‡i †M‡Qb| A_©vr MÖv‡g †_‡KB MÖv‡gi Kj¨vY wPšÍv (village welfare)| Zuvi wePiYf~wg MÖvg| Zuvi mvabcxV Kzwóqv KzgviLvjx| wZwb g‡b-cÖv‡Y GKRb cÖMwZkxj ¯^wkwÿZ wkÿvbyivMx evOvwj| wb¤œga¨weË (lower middle class) cwiev‡ii mšÍvb Amv¤úª`vwqK nwibv_ gRyg`vi| mgvR ms¯‹viK cÖ‡kœ †KD †KD gZ‡f` `uvo Kiv‡ZB cv‡ib| KviY mgvR ms¯‹viK ej‡Z Avgv‡`i fvebv Ry‡o †h fveg~wZ© Zv ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq Ges...
Words: 2727 - Pages: 11
...Hi there fgh fgh fg fg gf gfh fg dfgtr y nfg hgf hg ht jhty fg gh gfh fg hg hf hgf hgf h fgh gfh gf jb cv b ggh j ghn ghfj gh jgf hgf y jty tret er tre tre tre h h h gfh h gf gfhh gf h h hh h h h ggf f fd d ds s d f g gh h jh j hgh g f f fv v bh yh y t tr f f g hy y t f v nb m, .l l; olo oi ui y gfv v cd d re r g f dr t yjh jh h yut tuy uty u u u u uu t t uyyty tr y ret tr re t ret rtey try tyu yuti yu kyu jgh gfgh gf fg fd g fg gf y utyi uy iou y hg gf hgf ghf y tuy uy tyu u yu uy yu yu u yu uy y y y t r ret r yu y iu iy uiy yuu ty y tr tre trey yu yuiuyi oi yu ii tuyy try tryu tyru yjut uy ui iu ouioi o o I oi iu oup oiu p o p oiu I uy uyiuyy yu uiy yui oui li kjh jh juyu oui oio p ^p^-- 0-9 oi kiuj yku jjkh jhg hg hgf gf gf gf gf vdf dfg gf hg jh jy k iu u ji u l p; p ;p o8 ik koi ;op opiu k yuk iu o...
Words: 262 - Pages: 2
...Dcgnv‡`‡ki DcK~jxq †h mKj e›`‡i evwYwR¨K Kvi‡Y Ae¯’vb KiZ Zb¥‡a¨ evsjvi PÆMÖvg, †mvbviMuv D‡jL‡hvM¨| Avj-Bw`ªmx, Be‡b Lyi`v`wen cÖgyL fy‡Mvjwekvi`‡`i ewY©Z Avie evwYwR¨K c‡_i weeiY †_‡K Ggb avibv LyeB hyw³msMZ| cvnvocy‡i cÖvß AveŸvmxq Lwjdv nvi“b Ai ikx‡`i mg‡qi gy`ªv G aviYv‡K Av‡iv kw³kvjx K‡i| nhiZ Ig‡ii (it) mgq c~e©v‡j †h weRq Awfhvb †cÖwiZ nq, †m mgq eû ag©cÖPviK fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k G‡m ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm K‡ib e‡jI aviYv Kiv nq| cieZx©‡Z DgvBqv Lwjdv Avj-Iqvwj‡`i kvmbvg‡j 710 mv‡j c~e©vÂjxq Mfb©i nv¾vR web BDmy‡di mgq †`ej e›`‡i Avie evwYwR¨K RvnvR jywÚZ nIqvi NUbv‡K †K›`ª K‡i Zvi RvgvZv I Zi“Y †mbvcwZ gynv¤§` web Kvwmg wmÜz Rq K‡ib| hw`I wZwb †mLv‡b ¯’vqx kvmb cÖwZôv K‡ibwb, Z_vwc †m mgq ag© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ A‡bK ag©xq mvaK Dcgnv‡`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j Mgb K‡ib, hv‡`i †KD †KD evsjvqI G‡mwQ‡jb e‡j avibv Kiv nq| Gici 998-1030 mv‡j MRbxi myjZvb gvngy` Aš—Zc‡¶ 17evi Dcgnv‡`‡k Awfhvb †cÖiY K‡ib Ges cÖ‡Z¨KeviB Rq jvf K‡ib| wZwbI fvi‡Z ¯’vqx kvmb e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv K‡ibwb| wKš‘ G mgqI A‡bK Bmjvg ag© cÖPviK †h Dcgnv‡`‡k G‡mwQ‡jb, Zv‡Z m‡›`n _vKvi K_v bq| cieZx©‡Z 1192 mv‡j gynv¤§` Nyix ZivB‡bi 2q hy‡× c„_¡xivR‡K civwRZ K‡i fvi‡Z gymwjg weRq m¤úbœ K‡ib Ges wZwbB Dcgnv‡`‡k ¯’vqx gymwjg kvmb e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv K‡ib| Gici n‡Z Bmjvg a‡g©i cÖPviKiv fvi‡Zi me©Î Aev‡a wePiY K‡ib Ges Zvuiv ivóªxq c„ó‡cvlKZvI jvf K‡ib| GLv‡b we‡klfv‡e D‡jL¨ †h, †m mgqKvi Avie‡`i we‡kl ˆewkó¨ wQj, Zviv †h D‡Ï‡k¨B c„w_exi †h A‡jB Mgb Ki“K bv ‡Kb, Bmjvg a‡g©i cÖPvi‡K Zviv Zv‡`i ˆbwZK KZ©e¨ e‡j wek¦vm KiZ| d‡j cÖZxqgvb nq †h, 1204 mv‡j...
Words: 1084 - Pages: 5
...1| gvgyb evevi †cbk‡bi UvKv wb‡q GKwU gyw` †`vKvb ïiæ K‡ib| AwfÁZvi Afv‡e cÖ_g w`‡K wKQz †jvKmvb n‡jI ax‡i ax‡i e¨emv‡q mdjZv cvb| e¨emvq m¤úªmvi‡Yi wm×všÍ wb‡q wZwb GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| K) gvgyb mv‡ne †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq ïiæ K‡i‡Qb? L) AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡R¨i msÁv `vI| M) e¨emvq A_©vq‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Kx? N) gvgyb mv‡n‡ei e¨emvq Kvh©vewj eY©bv Ki| 2| Kgj GKRb LyPiv e¨emvqx| wZwb cÖwZw`b KviIqvb evRv‡i GKwU dvwb©Pvi †`vKvb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb| wZwb e¨emvq ‡ek mdjZv †c‡q‡Qb| ZvB wZwb e¨emvq Kvh©vewj AviI m¤úªmviY Ki‡Z Pvb| Z‡e Li‡Pi Zzjbvq jvfRbKZv bv _vKvq wZwb wPwšÍZ Ges m¤ú` me©vwaKxKi‡Yi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb| K) miKvwi A_©vqb Kx? L) Ae¨emvqx A_©vqb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? M) Kgj †Kvb D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨emv‡q g~jab e¨envi K‡i‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki| N) Rbve Kg‡ji m¤ú` me©vwaKxKi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨i h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 3| gv‡jK GKRb e¨emvqx| `xN©w`b hver wb‡RB e¨emvq cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Qb| m¤úªwZ wZwb GKRb Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcK wb‡qvM w`‡q‡Qb| AviI jvfRbKfv‡e e¨emvwqK Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨| e¨e¯’vcK `xN© †gqvw` wewb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ gv‡jK mv‡ne‡K civgk© w`‡jb| K) e¨emvq A_©vqb Kv‡K e‡j? L) e¨emvq FY ej‡Z Kx †evS? M) gv‡j‡Ki †Kv¤úvwb †Kvb ai‡bi mgm¨vi †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcK wb‡qvM w`‡q‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki| N) gv‡j‡Ki e¨emv‡q `xN© †gqvw` wewb‡qv‡Mi wm×všÍ KZUzKz hyw³hy³ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| AwfgZ`vI| 4| ivqnvb mv‡ne GKRb miKvwi PvKzixRxwe wQ‡jb| m¤úªwZ wZwb PvKzix †_‡K Aemi MÖn‡Yi ci GKwU Jl‡ai †`vKvb w`‡q‡Qb| wb‡Ri Aem‡i cÖvß wKQz UvKv I AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡`i...
Words: 807 - Pages: 4
...e¨e¯’vi Kg©KvÐ cwiKwíZ I cwiPvwjZ Ges ev¯ÍevwqZ nq| Avi G Kvi‡YB wk¶vµg‡K wk¶v Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡bi bxj-bKkv ejv n‡q _v‡K| wk¶vµg cwigvR©b, Dbœqb I bevqb GKwU Pjgvb cÖwµqv| G cÖwµqvq avivevwnK cwiex¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Pjgvb wk¶vµ‡gi mejZv-`ye©jZv I Dc‡hvwMZv wbY©q Kiv nq| mg‡qi mv‡_ mgv‡Ri cwieZ©b NU‡Q, ZvQvov Ávb-weÁvb I cÖhyw³i `ªæZ cwieZ©b n‡”Q| Gm‡ei d‡j wkLb Pvwn`vI cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q| G Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvR©b I bevq‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶vµg hy‡Mvc‡hvMx ivLv Avek¨K| Avevi Ggb mgq Av‡m hLb cy‡iv‡bv wk¶vµg cwigvR©b K‡i mg‡qi Pvwn`v c~iY m¤¢e nq bv, ZLb bZzb wk¶vµg cÖYqb Ki‡Z nq| wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi †hŠw³KZv gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vµg 1995 mv‡j cwigvR©b, bevqb I Dbœq‡bi KvR m¤úbœ nq| lô I beg †kÖwY‡Z 1996 wkÿvel© †_‡K G wkÿvKªg ev¯Íevq‡bi KvR ïiæ nq| D”Pgva¨wgK ¯Í‡i 1998 wkÿvel© †_‡K cwigvwR©Z I bevqbK…Z wkÿvKªg ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q Avm‡Q| Gici `xN© mg‡q RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK cwigЇj mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK, A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK wewfbœ †¶‡Î we‡kl K‡i Ávb-weÁvb, Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i †¶‡Î e¨vcK cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q| cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb-Pvwn`v `ªæZ cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q| G Pvwn`vbyhvqx wk¶v‡K hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Kivi Rb¨ wk¶vµg Dbœqb Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o| cÖPwjZ wk¶vµ‡gi Dci Ôgva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vµg g~j¨vqb I Pvwn`v wbiƒcYÕ...
Words: 20404 - Pages: 82
...cÖ_g Aa¨vq f‚wgKv t mgvRweÁvb mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wn‡m‡e mgv‡Ri Rxeb cÖbvjx m¤ú‡K© weÁvb wfwËK Ávb `vb K‡i| Avi mgv‡Ri mgm¨v m¤úwK©Z weÁvb wfwËK Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q Dbwesk kZvãx‡Z mgvRweÁv‡bi Acwinvh© welq wn‡m‡e mvgvwRK M‡elYvi D™¢e N‡U| mvgvwRK M‡elYv n‡jv mvgvwRK NUbvejx, AvPviY ev mgm¨v m¤^‡Ü cÖYvjx e× I hyw³wbô AbymÜvb Kiv| eZ©gvb mf¨Zvi AMÖMwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ Gi ¸iæZ¡I w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q| c„w_exi wewfbœ DbœZ I Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki gZ Avgv‡`i †`‡ki wek¦we`¨vjq ¸‡jv‡Z mvgvwRK NUbvejxi Dci M‡elYvi wkÿv †`Iqv n‡”Q| ZvB mgvRweÁvb wefv‡Mi 2q e‡l©i (m¤§vb) wkÿv_©x wn‡m‡e cvV¨m~Px AšÍf‚©³ GB M‡elbvi KvRwU m¤úv`b Gi `vwqZ¡ †hgb wPËvKl©K †Zgb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e‡j g‡b n‡q‡Q| cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB gvbyl mgv‡R GK‡Î emevm K‡i Avm‡Q| Avgv‡`i GB mgv‡R wewfbœ m¤úª`v‡qi †jvK emevm Ki‡Q Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKwU †kÖwY nj †e‡`| †e‡` m¤úª`vq g~jZ GKwU wQbœg~j m¤úª`vq| Avgv‡`i mgv‡R †e‡` m¤úª`vq GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© m¤úª`vq| GRb¨ GB wel‡q cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯‘Z Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q, G Kvi‡b G wel‡q cÖwZ‡e`bwU Avwg h‡_‡ó ¸iæ‡Z¡i m‡½ cÖ¯‘Z K‡iwQ| cÖwZ‡e`bwU hw` Kv‡iv `„wó AvKl©b K‡i Zvn‡jB Avgvi cÖ‡Póv mv_©K n‡e e‡j Avwg Avkv Kwi| M‡elYvi welqe¯‘i wee„wZ I cÖZ¨q cwiwPwZ t †e‡` t †e‡` nj GKwU m¤úª`vq| GwU GKwU g~jZ hvhvei m¤úª`vq| †e‡` m¤úª`vq wQbœg~j m¤úª`vq, Giv g~jZ mvc Gi †Ljvi gva¨‡g RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| m¤úª`vq t m¤úª`vq kãwU g~jZ GKwU we‡kl †kÖwY‡K †evSv‡Z e¨eüZ nq| Avgv‡`i mgv‡R emevmKvix wewfbœ †kÖwY †ckvi †jvK‡K Avjv`vfv‡e †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ m¤úª`vq k‡ãi e¨envi Kiv nq| M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ t mgvRweÁv‡bi M‡elYvi weÁvb...
Words: 5378 - Pages: 22
