...HYDRAULICS LAB #1 The objective of this lab is to test the fluid flow provided by the power unit at various discharge pressures, and create a power unit characteristic curve. 1. Build on the trainer the hydraulic circuit shown in the figure below, using the components listed here. hydraulic power unit (2) pressure gauges flow control valve (FCV) – simulated load flow-meter Page 1 of 2 2. Initial setup: a. Fully close (CW) the FCV, and fully open (CCW) the pressure relief valve on the power unit. b. Start the power unit, and slowly adjust the pressure relief valve until pressure gauge P1 reaches 50 bar. Let the unit run for a few minutes then check and adjust P1 if necessary. c. Do not touch the pressure relief valve for the remainder of the lab. d. Fully open the FCV. 3. Test: a. Record the pressures P1, P2 and the flow rate under the “Min.” column in the table below. b. Slowly turn the FCV CW, adding a simulated load to the system. When the pressure at P1 increases to 15 bar, stop and record pressure P2 and the flow rate. c. Repeat for all columns listed in the table. The final column, listed as “Max Pres.” should be run with the FCV fully closed. Note the sound of the power unit during this test. You should detect changes in tone as the load (pressure) is increased. P1 Pressure (bar) P2 (bar) Flow Rate (lpm) Min * 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 46 47 48 49 Max. Pres. * minimum pressure attained, with flow control fully open HYDRAULICS LAB #1 Page 2 of 2 Lab Report: ...
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...CONTENTS ❖ INTRODUCTION ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN PICKLING LINE NO. 1 ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN PICKLING LINE NO. 2 ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN REGENERATION PLANT ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN TANDEM MILL ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN REVERSING MILL ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN ANNELING FURNACE ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN SKIN PASSING MILL ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN ELECTROLYTIC TINNING SECTION ❖ EQUIPMENTS IN CONTINUOUS GALVANIZING LINE Continuous Pickling Line No. 1 (A)ENTRY SECTION: 1. COIL RAMP : Coils are brought by crane and placed on the coil ramp .Coil ramp is provided with three coils stops which are operated by compressed air through hand operated levers. Side guides on the coil ramp are adjusted manually to the coil width +100 mm. 2. COIL ADJUSTING DVICE: The coil adjusting device is equipped with two parallel adjustable guide plates and 2 carrying rollers. They serve to bring the coil to the center line and for tightening the outer laps of the coil. Hydraulically operated coil ejector feeds the coil to the uncoiler supporting rolls. After centering the coil on the coil adjusting device, coil strap is cut and the head end of the coil is straightened with the help of a wooden block for easy feeding into uncoiler. 3. UNCOILER, SCALE BREAKER AND LEVELLER: This unit comprises of following equipments:- i) Supporting Rolls(2) are driven electrically. These are used to support the coil after...
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...Mike DeFelice -42 Water Supply Summary In this chapter we learned about water supply. Understanding water supply principles is key to fire fighting for a number of different reasons. Knowing the different types of fire hydrants, their water pressure, and how far apart they will be from one another is important in a hazardous situation. There are 4 key principles to water supply systems. These principals are the source of water supply, means of moving water, water treatment facility, water storage and distribution. Sources of water supply in a jurisdiction can be obtained from surface water, ground water, or both. Some examples of surface water are rivers, and lakes. Most ground water supply comes from wells drilled into underground aquifers. The means of moving water has three key methods. These methods are direct pumping system, gravity system, and combination system. Direct pumping systems are water supply systems supplied by a system of pumps. These systems are typically found in industrial and agricultural settings. Gravity systems are water supply systems in which gravity is the driving force that moves the water. Water is elevated above the system in a tank. Combination systems are combinations of both gravity, and direct pump systems. Combination systems are the most common type of municipal water supply systems. Water treatment facilities are places the water goes through to get filtered, and decontaminated so that water can be consumed without causing...
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...Mechatronics BASIC MEASUREMENT TOOLS MTX 103 Fall 2 Credits 11 hours of lecture - 22 hours of lab Fundamentals of measurement tools. Topics include basic measurement, S.I. and U.S. customary measurement, precision measurement tools and dimensional gauging. Prerequisite: A grade of "C" or better in ELEC 101, 102, and 121; or concurrent enrollment in ELEC 101, 102, and 121; or consent of Instructional Unit. BASIC HYDRAULICS MTX 105 Fall 2 Credits 11 hours of lecture - 22 hours of lab Fundamentals of hydraulics. Topics include hydraulic power systems, hydraulic circuits, principles of hydraulic pressure and flow and various types of hydraulic valves. Prerequisite: A grade of "C" or better in ELEC 101, 102, and 121; or concurrent enrollment in ELEC 101, 102, and 121; or consent of Instructional Unit. BASIC PNEUMATICS MTX 107 Fall 2 Credits 11 hours of lecture - 22 hours of lab Fundamentals of pneumatics. Topics include pneumatic power systems, basic pneumatic circuits principles of pneumatic pressure and flow and pneumatic speed control. Prerequisite: A grade of "C" or better in ELEC 101, 102, and 121; or concurrent enrollment in ELEC 101, 102, and 121; or consent of Instructional Unit. ELECTRIC MOTOR CONTROL 1 MTX 110 Fall 4 Credits 22 hours of lecture - 44 hours of lab Fundamentals of electric motor control. Topics include electrical safety, control transformers, overload protection, ladder logic, control relays, electronic sensors, and other topics related...
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...Republic. • The nature of competition in the global market of products & services that SH a.s. offering. We have to evaluate all these facts and to present a strategic technology management plan of action. Main Contributing Issues: Following are the major contributing issues or they are basically showing the evaluation of all the facts that must be consider before adopting any strategic plane. • They are lacking in capital & competition for R&D efforts in hydraulic technology, although they are able to full fill the desired innovations of customers as they had done on very selective scale in case of heavy hydraulics. • • They are entirely restructured in1997 and start offering services and maintenance along with major sales but future of their clients using such offers is also uncertain. • International competitors from Germany, US and from other western countries all are introducing computer based automated technologies but they are not offering such technologically advanced products. • Light hydraulic applications also moving towards automated advanced technologies with lean and fragile processing having lesser processing steps and higher automated work, but they are still offering old systems. • Other competitors like German & American are entering in Czech market with broad lines and advance technologies of lubrication technologies. Proposed Solutions: In this case the problem is not single directional or very clear it’s a multiple mix and complex bunch...
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...HYDRAULIC JACKS Hydraulic jacks find variety of application in Civil and Structural Engineering such as plate Bearing and CBR tests on soils, Deformation and Insitu Shear tests on foundation rock strata, Elastic Modulus-tests on mass concrete and for pre-stressing steel wire in pre-stressed concrete. HEICO jacks are simple and compact in design and easy to operate. Jacks upto a capacity of 500 kN are provided with single plunger pumping units and those of capacity more than 500 kN are provided with double plunger type pumping units. Each jack is provided with a calibrated pressure gauge of appropriate capacity. The different types of Hydraulic Jacks manufactured by HEICO are detailed below:Note : All hydraulic jacks mentioned below have hand operated pumping units only. Bottle Type Jacks These are fully self contained jacks with integral pumping units and oil reservoirs. A detachable hand lever is provided for operation of pump. A 10 cm dia calibrated load gauge is supplied with each jack. Lifting handle is also provided on the jack. Cat. No. HJ54.05 HJ54.10 HJ54.15 HJ54.20 HJ54.25 Cap 50 KN 100 KN 200 KN 250 KN 500 KN Sensitivity 0.5 KN 1.0 KN 1.0 KN 2.0 KN 2.0 KN mm dia pressure gauge for those of higher capacities. Cat. No. HJ54.30 HJ54.35 HJ54.37 HJ54.40 HJ54.45 HJ54.50 HJ54.55 HJ54.60 HJ54.65 HJ54.70 HJ54.75 HJ54.80 Cap 50 KN 100 KN 150 KN 200 KN 250 KN 500 KN 750 KN 1000 KN 1500 KN 2000 KN 3000 KN 5000 KN Sensitivity 0.5 KN 1.0 KN 1.0 KN 2.0 KN 2.0 KN 5.0 KN 5.0 KN 5.0...
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...common concept that every engineers must know before starting their career life. The code of ethics for engineer was created so that engineers can follow these codes and do not attempt to make any error intentionally. It is a set of rules and obligations that set a standard for an engineer’s decision. In other word, the code of ethics required every engineers to be honest, fairness, equity, and must be dedicated to the protection of public health, safety, and welfare. (Engineers, 2007) The short story “The adventure of the Engineer’s thumb” written by Arthur Conan Doyle is a good example regarding engineering’s code of ethics. The story was told to Sherlock Holmes, began in London 1889 about a young hydraulic engineer, Mr. Hatherley. Hatherley was offered to fix a hydraulic machine with a salary of 50 guineas by a person who identified himself as Colonel Lysander Stark. However, the job has to be perform around mid-night although rather to be just around an hour, out of town in Berkshire. Hatherley could not resist to accept a good offer because his gross taking was only 27 pounds 10s every day. Stark wanted the job to be performed at midnight because he did not want his neighbors to acknowledge the valuable of the land around them. There were large deposit of fuller’s earth under the land. Later on, after arriving to Stark’s place and took an inspection of the press machine, Hatherley discovered the floor consist of a large iron trough and the press machine wasn’t only used...
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...happened, the aftermath of the accident, and then how it should have been prevented, as well as, pointing out major flaws in the operation and procedures happening at Boeing Simulator Operations. I was just hired on to Boeing As a Simulator Device Technician Level III on April 25th, 2008 after being away from Simulators for about 2½ years and writing Technical manuals on simulator operation and maintenance for 5½ years before that; See Figure 1 for picture of a Simulator. We were on the second week of doing overtime on the weekends to do hydraulic oil flushing on 2 different simulators that are considered extremely old and the flushing was years overdue; when finishing up on the second simulator (the 757, oldest), all of the hydraulic pumps had been turned ‘ON’ to circulate the oil through the system and after a little while, a pretty bad leak was noticed on one of the Control Loading servo actuator/valve components. The Control Loading system hydraulic oil pump pressure was turned ‘OFF’ so the actuator could be removed and repaired; as someone was removing the actuator, I noticed another new leak dripping from under one of the Motion leg servo actuators (See Figure 1, Call out #2) so I went to investigate and clean up the puddle. That was the last thing I...
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...| MA4001 | School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering50, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Tel:65 790 5488 Fax:65 792 4062 | Table of Contents Content | Page | 1.0 Introduction | 4 | 1.1 Background and Objectives | 4 | 2.0 Conceptual Design | 5 | 2.1 Function Analysis | 5 | 2.2 Morphological Chart | 7 | 2.3 Design Concepts | 8 | 2.3.1 Design Concept A | 8 | 2.3.2 Design Concept B | 9 | 2.2.3 Design Concept C | 9 | 2.4 Concept Evaluation | 10 | 3.0 Embodiment Design | 12 | 3.1 Stability | 12 | 3.2 Spade Design | 12 | 3.3 Mode of Transport | 12 | 4.0 Detailed Design | 13 | 4.1 Hydraulics Selection4.2 Materials Selection | 13 | 5.0 Detailed Design Calculations | 13 | 5.1 General Data | 13 | 5.2 General Calculations | 15 | 5.3 Lifting | 17 | 5.4 Tilting | 18 | 5.5 Hydraulics Selection | 20 | 5.6 Pump Selection | 21 | 6.0 Cost Estimation | 22 | 6.1 Bill of Materials (BOM) | 22 | 6.2 Purchased Parts | 27 | 6.3 Manufactured Parts | 28 | 6.4 Overall Cost Estimation | 28 | 7.0 Conclusion | 29 | References | 30 | Appendix | 31 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background and Objectives Being a densely populated island, Singapore does not have the luxury to use her land with impunity. Amidst the concrete urban jungle of Singapore, the need to consider for greenery in our country...
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...What is hydraulic fracturing, or more commonly known as “fracking?” Like many new technologies or those that have improved throughout the years, there will always be those that question its effectiveness. This technology has continued to improve over the years. An account or description of what fracking does is a process in which water, chemicals, and sand are pumped in to a well injection in order to receive the Earth’s natural gasses. Hydraulic fracturing has its negative and its positive, as well as many different perspectives such as social, health, environmental and economic issues. Although arguable, the process of which hydraulic fracturing takes place is an effective one. As mentioned, chemicals which are unknown to the public, mixed...
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...Name Tutor Course Date Title: Hydraulic Fracturing POPULATION/PROBLEM/PROCESS Hydraulic fracturing or fracking, as it is commonly referred to, is a method of oil and gas extraction that has been in use for well over 60 years. This is a method that is centered on injecting a mixture of a proppant such as sand, chemicals and water into an oil or gas well. The injection of this fluid is responsible for creating fractures in the pre-drilled well, thereby allowing greater permeability of the stone. The small cracks in the stone are filled by the proppant, in this case sand, to keep them open even after the water flows back out. Among the chemicals used are gelling agents. The purpose of these gelling agents is to ensure that the proppant remains suspended in the mixture, and does not sink. Other chemicals in the mixture increase the fracturing ability of the solution. Once this has been achieved, the small pores and air spaces between the rocks are filled with the proppant and cause the natural gas trapped within the natural spaces to escape. This gas is then collected. The use of horizontal hydraulic fracturing has also been instrumental in the extraction of oil. The use of horizontal hydraulic fracturing has increased profitability and efficiency in the extraction of oil, when compared to the predominantly used vertical drilling methods. By increasing the extraction of natural gas from sources that were originally considered unproductive, this process has resulted in more...
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...Power Control Unit, Hydraulic - Description Hydraulic power control units (typically referred to as PCUs) are used to position primary (or secondary) flight control surfaces. PCUs are a single assembly (i.e., single part number) that combines individual hydraulic components into an assembly. PCUs perform two critical functions: (1) they position the flight control surface in response to mechanical or electrical commands, and (2) they represent a principle structural element capable of withstanding flight loads and providing protection against flutter (unsteady, aerodynamic loads). The requirements of these two functions make PCU design a challenging task. At the heart of PCU is a servovalve and an actuator (servo actuator). The servovalve can be controlled by a flapper nozzle, jet pipe, solenoid, torque motor or mechanical linkage. Some PCUs contain only a servo actuator. However, PCUs often contain other components to meet performance and failure mode performance criteria. Other components typically found in PCUs are shutoff valves, pressure relief valves, input filter, check valves, and compensator. Another component that is often part of a PCU is one or more servos whose control is based on some performance criteria. These servos can be positioned electronically or by hydraulic pressure (where loss of hydraulic pressure allows a spring to position the servo). A simple PCU is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Simple PCU Diagram This PCU shows the pressure input going through...
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...total and began to manufacture the bearings and railroad car couplings among other railroad related components. During the war periods 1939 to 1945, production was modified to produce a variety of hydraulic valves for military applications, including submarines. Major capital investments were made in the physical facilities in 1976. Production facilities for manufacturing of the Hydraulics components were substantially expanded. Internally designed hydraulic radial piston type motors were put into production. A major expansion took place in 1980 till 1990. The production of centralized grease lubricating systems was substantially expanded. A newly introduced R&D effort resulted in the design, development, and production of lubrication system. During this period, as a legal Czechoslovakia monopoly, the company specialized in producing systems for heavy equipment manufacturing industries, steel making and mining. Nationalization: In 1948 the company was nationalized and its engineering and manufacturing resources were re-focused on railroad applications. During this nationalization company has changed his focus and starts manufacture the new products like new heating system for railroad cars and manufacturing of centralized grease lubrication system was restarted and hydraulic technology became integral part of It remained nationalized till 1990 and major changes made during last 10 years from 1980 to 1990. During this period newly introduced R&D efforts resulted in...
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...Poppet or check shut off valves Pressure relief valve simulation Function Leak free sealing of flow in one direction. Allows flow in only one direction. Provides positive back pressure on a system when fitted with a spring. Also used as simple low pressure relief valves. Setting Fixed spring to control the opening or cracking pressure Fit valves without springs vertically Variations Pilot operated – can be opened by pilot pressure to allow flow back through valves. Can be used as leak free directional valves. Typically for low flow, high pressure situations or for very high flows where directional valves are expensive or not suitable. Directional control valves Function Stops/starts flow or directs flow into A or B service lines. Variations Manual or electrical operation. Spool centre positions vary depending on free flow path or pressure venting. Pilot or direct operated valves. Low flows generally direct acting but large flows require pilot operation. Pressure relief valves Function Limits the maximum pressure in a circuit. Setting Generally set 15 bar above the working pressure of system. Back pressure - Changes in pilot drain or backpressure will generally be added to the set pressure; making a sequence valve. Variations Direct acting - quick response, low flow, leak free. Pilot operated - high flow, internal or external leakage. Unloading valve - e.g. relief valve that switches to minimum pressure for start up. Flow control or throttle valves ...
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...Effects on the Environment and Public Health People are now recognizing some serious concerns to the public health and the drinking water becoming contaminated, because the fracturing of shale in our communities and what can be done to stop it all. The hydraulic fracturing of shale needs to be, banned until further investigations are completed to determine how safe it is to people and the environment surrounding the drilling site. It all started with a few cases of illness, which everyone assumed was a virus that was going around. Over the past couple of years, these illnesses have become a very serious problem, not only to people but to animals and livestock too. This is a big concern and it is obvious that it is not a genetic disease as first thought. Far too many families, who are living near these drilling sites and have contracted the same illnesses in many different areas across the United States,. Is this a coincidence or facts of serious problems taking place in the United States from fracking? It is very important that everyone should be aware and to take notice how close to where they live and if any hydraulic fracturing is taking place because there is much more to this story than many people realize. The hydraulic fracturing of shale needs to be, banned everywhere until further testing can actually be done to determine how safe it is to people and the environment. The US is participating in this method called fracking to extract energy sources from our own land in...
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