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The questions on your exam will be chosen from the following question list. Please complete these questions in preparation, and I will choose 4 questions from the list to put on your exam.

1. Human population growth: What size is the human population? What are the three most populous nations on earth? Draw a diagram of the demographic transition theory and explain why the demographic transition theory is useful in determining what is likely to happen to human population in the future.
2. What is survivorship? Draw and describe the three types of survivorship curves common in nature. Explain what k and r selection are and which of the three types of survivorship curves they correspond to. Which curve corresponds to increased quality of offspring? Which corresponds to increased quantity?
3. Species relationships: discuss competition, predation, mutualism, herbivory and parasitism. Give an example of each relationship and explain the benefit or harm that the organism is receiving.
4. Explain the competitive exclusion theory and give an example of what this theory suggests. What is the ultimate outcome of competitive exclusion? Explain how resource partitioning allows organisms to overcome competition.
5. Explain primary succession in plants. What plants are pioneer species? What plants dominate each stage of succession? What is the climax community?
6. Explain the 10% rule of trophic efficiency. Use a food chain as an example. If we start with 1,000 J of energy in producers, how much energy is available to primary consumers? How much would be available to secondary consumers? To tertiary consumers? Where does the “lost” energy go?
7. Define biodiversity and explain three major threats to biodiversity. Describe why the threats exist. What can we do to protect biodiversity? Why should we care?
8. Explain global climate