...Early 20th century rural life Early 20th century city life Industrialization I/O psychology didn’t appear out of no where, natural growth of times major influences: economic, social, and psychological Economically: industrial boom around turn of 20th century — promoting interest in efficiency Societal: growing acceptance of theory of evolution changed way people thought of communities and societies Protestant work ethic: supported capitalism (became basis of society) Psychology: undergoing change, accepting scientific method Frederick W. Taylor Frederick Winslow Taylor was primarily interested in removing all inefficiency from the workplace, and he targeted his efforts toward the manual worker, aiming to increase their productivity and reduce their judgment. As a result he invented scientific management, which was based on four principles (Beder, 2000, p98): The most efficient way of doing a task should be worked out scientifically; Workers should be carefully selected and trained to do the work in this way; Workers should do their work under the close supervision and control of management and be paid a bonus for doing exactly what they say; Management should take over the planning and thinking part of the work. Taylor considered the manual worker to be stupid, slow and unintelligent, with little or no thinking abilities. The ‘thinking’ part of any job, he claimed, was for intelligent, educated people, and the workers’ job was to “follow instructions about...
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...1—What Is Psychology? Learning Goals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Explain what psychology is and how it developed. Describe six contemporary approaches to psychology. Describe two movements that reflect a positive approach to psychology. Evaluate careers and areas of specialization in psychology. Apply some strategies that will help you succeed in psychology. After studying Chapter 1, you will be able to: Define psychology. Describe the influence that philosophy, biology, and physiology had on the beginnings of psychology as a science. Compare the two early scientific approaches in psychology: structuralism and functionalism. Describe the focus of each of the six contemporary approaches to psychology. Describe the positive psychology movement, and discuss why this movement recently emerged in psychology. Discuss career opportunities in psychology. Profile the main areas of specialization in psychology. Say how studying habits may be optimized. Understand how to be a critical thinker. CHAPTER 1: OUTLINE Psychology is a science dedicated to the study of behavior and mental processes. In this chapter you are introduced to the history of this science, a variety of contemporary perspectives in psychology, the positive psychology movement, and an overview of psychology-related careers. At the end of the chapter, the reader learns about the most effective methods of studying and learning. There are three concepts important to the definition of psychology: science...
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...Chapter 1—What Is Psychology? Learning Goals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Explain what psychology is and how it developed. Describe six contemporary approaches to psychology. Describe two movements that reflect a positive approach to psychology. Evaluate careers and areas of specialization in psychology. Apply some strategies that will help you succeed in psychology. After studying Chapter 1, you will be able to: Define psychology. Describe the influence that philosophy, biology, and physiology had on the beginnings of psychology as a science. Compare the two early scientific approaches in psychology: structuralism and functionalism. Describe the focus of each of the six contemporary approaches to psychology. Describe the positive psychology movement, and discuss why this movement recently emerged in psychology. Discuss career opportunities in psychology. Profile the main areas of specialization in psychology. Say how studying habits may be optimized. Understand how to be a critical thinker. CHAPTER 1: OUTLINE Psychology is a science dedicated to the study of behavior and mental processes. In this chapter you are introduced to the history of this science, a variety of contemporary perspectives in psychology, the positive psychology movement, and an overview of psychology-related careers. At the end of the chapter, the reader learns about the most effective methods of studying and learning. There are three concepts important to the definition of psychology: science, behavior, and mental...
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...Psychology 1101: General Psychology (Hybrid) Spring 2012, Wed 8:00-9:15am & Online Instructor: Justin Donaldson, PhD Office Hours: Wednesdays, 10:50-12:15 and by appointment E-mail: jdonal15@kennesaw.edu Telephone: (404) 654-3411; (only for sudden emergencies please) Textbook: Myers, D. (2010). Psychology. (9th Ed.). Belmont, CA: Worth Publishers. ISBN-10: 1-4292-1597-6 ISBN-13: 978-1-4292-1597-8 NOTE: This specific book is a requirement of the course *Additional reading or video assignments will be made throughout the course. Course Description Explores the scientific approach to the study of psychological phenomena, human development, learning and thinking, motivation and emotion, perception, testing and measurement, personality and behavior. Course Objectives The primary objective of this course is to provide a general overview of the major areas of psychology by discussing basic terms, concepts, principles, and methods of psychology. This class will provide you with an introduction to the following areas of psychology: the history of psychology, personality, learning, human development, stress, abnormal psychology, psychotherapy, research methods, intelligence, and social psychology. In addition, I want you to understand these major areas of psychology and apply concepts learned in class to everyday life via the development of critical thinking skills and effective study strategies...
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...The basic needs consist of physiological and safety needs. Examples of physiological needs are food, water, warmth, and rest; and example of safety needs are security and safety. Psychological needs consist of belongingness and love needs, such as intimate relationships and friendships. Psychological needs also consist of esteem needs, such as prestige and feelings of accomplishments. In the hierarchy and what is at the top of the pyramid is self-fulfillment needs which consist of self-actualization. Self-actualization is achieving one’s full potential and also includes creative activities (Hockenbury, Chapter 8, 2014). According to Maslow people strived to satisfy each need before moving up to the next hierarchy level, with the ultimate goal of achieving self-actualization. Maslow also believed that as people progressed through the hierarchy of needs they would eventually grow more socially and psychologically. Critics There are many people who believe in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, but there are just as many people who criticized his concept. For example, several critics believed his concept of self-actualization to be too vague. These critics also felt that the way the concept was defined it was almost impossible to test it scientifically. There was also concerned because Maslow’s initial studies were based on limited samples and there was questions regarding the reliability of these samples. For example, Maslow often used stories that were given to him by his acquaintances...
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...issues. The basic tenets of psychology are presented from a historical perspective, with attention to research-based behavioral science. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: · University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. · Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Carpenter, S., & Huffman, K. (2010). Visualizing psychology (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: Introduction to Psychology Details Due Points Objectives 1.1 Describe the development of the discipline of psychology. 1.2 Compare and contrast research methods used to examine psychological phenomena. 1.3 Explain biological influences on the human brain. Readings Read Ch. 1 & 2 of Visualizing Psychology. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Participation Participate in class discussion. 1 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. 1 Individual Origins of Psychology and Research Methods Worksheet...
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...6. 3. The total score for the fist column (people) is plotted on vertical axis in the matrix section, while the total score for the second column (Task) is plotted on the horizontal axis. For a sample, see Example. Finally, have the learners intersect the lines to see in what leadership dimension they normally operate out of: o Impoverished o Authoritarian o Socialite o Team Leadership o Middle-of-the-Road Notes: o Instrument reliability and validity o See Leadership Models for reading material on tasks and people Questionnaire Below is a list of statements about leadership behavior. Read each one carefully, then, using the following scale, decide the extent to which it actually applies to you. For best results, answer as truthfully as possible. never sometimes always 0 1 2 3 4 5 1. _______ I encourage my team to participate when it comes decision making time and I try to implement their ideas and suggestions. 2. _______ Nothing is more important than accomplishing a goal or task. 3. _______ I closely monitor the schedule to ensure a task or project will...
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...Social Psychology and Multicultural Psychology Paper This paper will describe how social psychology can be defined and expanded; by the influence it has social on others. Describing the primary research strategies used in social psychology that can involve variables and hypotheses, along with separating social and multicultural psychology in to two distinct fields. Social psychology can be defined as the scientific attempt to explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other human beings (Fiske, 2010). These social influence can have an affects not only o our insignificant behavior but can also affects vital behavior, such as yielding to majority opinion over one’s own judgment, Fiske, Harris, & Cuddy, 2004)Our book gives us many example from the folding of paper to being in a cult. Any decisions a person makes can be based on the environment the y are in. The people you are around can have a great effect on who we because as a person and what your goals in life are. Most times when I watch the news I wonder why people choose to do crime and feel not remorse for what they do. Social psychology primarily analyzes what happens to people as individuals. When social scientists investigate the behavior of groups of people, they move toward the sociological end of social psychology; indeed, some social psychologists work in sociology departments. The primary research strategies used in these social...
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...Behavior Therapy B.F. SKINNER • (1904–1990) Reported that he was brought up in a warm, stable family environment. • As he was growing up, Skinner was greatly interested in building all sorts of things, an interest that followed him throughout his professional life. • He received his PhD in psychology from Harvard University in 1931 and eventually returned to Harvard after teaching in several universities. • He had two daughters, one of whom is an educational psychologist and the other an artist. • Skinner was a prominent spokesperson for behaviorism and can be considered the FATHER OF THE BEHAVIORAL APPROACH TO PSYCHOLOGY. • Skinner championed radical behaviorism, which places primary emphasis on the effects of environment on behavior. • Skinner was also a determinist; he did not believe that humans had free choice. He acknowledged that feelings and thoughts exist, but he denied that they caused our actions. Instead, he stressed the cause-and-effect links between objective, observable environmental conditions and behavior. • Most of Skinner’s work was of an experimental nature in the laboratory, but others have applied his ideas to teaching, managing human problems, and social planning. Science and Human Behavior best illustrates how Skinner thought behavioral concepts could be applied to every domain of human behavior. • In Walden II (1948) Skinner describes a utopian community in which his ideas, derived from the laboratory, are applied to social issues. • His 1971...
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...School of Psychology 2013 Paper Outline Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences PSYC573-13A (HAM) Personnel Training & Development Lecture times/rooms: Thursdays, 09:00am – 10:50am. Room I1.08. Lecturer/Convenor: Donald Cable, Room K1.01. Extn: 8296. Email: dcable@waikato.ac.nz Student consultation hours: Thursdays 14:00-15:00. Other times by appointment. Paper Description The aim of this paper is for you to develop an understanding of the theory, research, and practice relating to training and development (including career development) in organizations. Upon successfully completing this course, you should be able to: understand, and apply personnel training and development psychology theory and research, and bridge the gap between this and the practice, conduct training needs analyses and evaluate training and development (including career and professional development) initiatives, identify or develop training programs which incorporate sound principles of learning and training transfer, identify and develop the competencies that will support you in pursuing a career as an organizational psychology (or HR) practitioner with a focus on the training and development of individuals in organizations. Blending the exploratory learning aspect of Active Learning with proceduralized instruction, and creating a learning environment within which students are actively encouraged to construct knowledge, this paper includes lectures with associated readings, student seminars...
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...Comparison Paper “Effective Biblical Counseling” By Dr. Larry Crabb Presented to Dr. Jaeduk Kim Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Lynchburg, VA In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course Theology and Spirituality in Counseling PACO 507-B02 By James E. Hulsey (ID#L24531662) AUGUST 31, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………...01 II. Summary…………………………………………………………………………………...02 III. Practical Application and Conclusion….............................................................................09 IV. References……………………………………………………………………………...….10 Comparison Paper “Effective Biblical Counseling: A Model for Helping Caring Christians become capable Counselors” By Dr. Larry Crabb I. Introduction Christian Counselors should always be looking for assistance with the development of higher levels of competency by examining the content, comprehensiveness, and validity of a variety of counseling theories developed by prominent Christian counselors.[1] Ron Hawkins teaches that “Christian counselor help people to see their problems and then see how to get of problems. Contributions by various Christian Counselor’s and authors like, Dr. Larry Crabb will equip other Christian counselors to help people solve the various problems...
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...a model of control which can be used to make this process more visible in organizations. It illustrates the practical applications of the model, and suggests its implications for corporate and human resource management as well as for scholars. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd Introduction All organizations (businesses, universities, governments, hospitals) are concerned with channeling human efforts toward attainment of organizational objectives. Regardless of their formal purposes, organizations are composed of people with their own personal interests. Even if these individuals and groups wish to help attain organizational goals, the organization of which they are ,~=r~ must integrate their efforts and direct them toward goals. Thus, organizations must influence or the behavior of people, if they are to fulfil their nd achieve their goals. To help gain control over the behavior of people in formal organizations, most enterprises use a combination of techniques including budgets, rules, standard operating procedures, job descriptions, budgets, accounting measurements, and performance appraisal systems. Taken together, these techniques are part of an invisible yet very real system: 'the organizational control system'. Control plays a major part in the management of an enterprise, but unlike machines, equipment,...
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...ANXIETY AND SPEAKING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE AMONG MALE AND FEMALE BUSINESS STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITI INDUSTRI SELANGOR Ayu Rita Bt Mohamad and Nadhia Dalila Bt Ab Wahid Industrial University of Selangor Jln Timur Tambahan, 456000 Bestari Jaya E-mail: ayurita@yahoo.com ABSTRACT This study explores the nature and anxiety of speaking English as a second language among male and female Business Degree students in Industrial University of Selangor (Unisel), Berjuntai Bestari, Selangor. This study attempts to identify potential sources of anxiety relevant to the students’ affective needs or concerns in an institution of higher learning through the use of an in-depth qualitative questionnaire. As the pre-administered questionnaire findings indicate, the differences in the level of language anxiety exhibited by the participants seem to vary by gender. Using various studies by previous researchers of language anxiety as a theoretical guideline for data collection and analysis, this study also discusses some of the influences or impact of anxiety-provoking factors on second language learning, along with some implications for further research on language anxiety. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Anxiety is a negative way to present human feelings. When we are anxious, we feel nervous, worried, and fearful. We struggle, tremble, perspire, and our hearts beat quickly. In general, anxiety can be defined as a complex concept dependent upon not only on one’s feelings of selfefficacy...
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...organizational culture and climate on individual creativity. Although often treated interchangeably, culture and climate are distinct constructs operating a t different levels of meaning; yet a t the s a m e time, they are closely interrelated. Culture is the beliefs and values held by management and communicated to employees through norms, stories, socialization processes, and observations of managerial responses to critical events. The beliefs and values that typify a culture for creativity become manifested in organizational structures, practices, and policies. In turn, these structures, practices, and policies guide and shape individual creativity by creating a climate that communicates both the organization's goals regarding creativity and the means to achieve those goals. The paper concludes with a discussion of issues relating to the development of cultures and climates for creativity and potential new directions for future research. ABSTRACT The important role of creativity in brganizations is attracting an increasing amount of attention from both practitioners and researchers. In business journals and books, practitioners continuously emphasize the need for organizations to create conditions that s u p port creativity a s a means for promoting organizational effectiveness, and even survival, in the face of fierce competition and rapidly changing technological, economic, regulatory, and market conditions (e.g., Loeb, 1995; Verespej, 1994). Researchers have responded...
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...The article attempts to explore the work values in the hospitality context and analyze them further through the lens of generational differences on a multi dimensional level. What makes this research unique is the scope, which covers all 3 aspects: multiple dimensions of work values, importance of these work values to people across 3 generations and a focus on Hospitality industry. The author’s approach is to find and shortlist research done on identification of work values, dimensions or factors under which they exist and the importance given to them based on the age of individuals (generation aspect). Post selection of a suitable research covering these criteria, the author attempts to apply these on a sample size from the Hospitality Industry to understand and report the relevance and findings. The sole reason of attempting this study is to analytically approach the challenges faced by human resources in managing a work force that is diverse and consists of different social & demographic profiles. The author believes that understanding of this would lead to better recruitment and retention strategies of managerial workforce in the hospitality industry. Short listing of available research: a) Research on Work Values: Many studies have been conducted on identifying work values in an institution, (Elizur, 1984; Hofstede, 1980; Mok et al., 1998; Pryor, 1987; Rokeach, 1973; Sagie et al., 1996; Super, 1970, 1973; White, 2005; Zytowski, 1970, 1994). Of these, the author chose...
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