...Computer Structure and Logic I/O Devices 1/12/15 Mrs. Coleman What critical I/O devices are necessary to use a personal computer? Which ones are not necessary for normal day-to-day use and why? A monitor and a keyboard are the two I/O devices necessary to use a personal computer. The monitor is the most important output device. It allows one to see the information that is being sent out by the computer. You cannot send or receive data to or from a computer without a monitor. The keyboard is the most important input device. It is the primary method used to send information to a computer. Data entry cannot be performed without a keyboard. The keyboard can even be used to navigate the desktop if a mouse is not connected. A mouse, game controller, printer, and modem are devices not necessary for day-to-day use of a PC. You cannot connect to the internet without a modem. Having a mouse makes using a computer more efficient. Day-to-day use can still be achieved even without a mouse, game controller, printer and a modem. Why is a modem considered an I/O device? A modem is a device connected to a personal computer and other computers via a network through a telephone or cable line. I sends and receives information to and from servers connected to the network simultaneously. This makes a modem both an input and output device. Why may a printer be classified as an input device? The printer is essentially an output device. The computer sends the printer...
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...personal computer there are some completely necessary I/O devices that you’ll need. First would be a keyboard, this is how you manually put information into your computer. Next would be a way for you to move the pointer on your screen, whether it be a mouse, touchscreen, or mouse pad. In order to either put sound into your computer or get sound back from it you would need both a microphone and speakers. A sound card to get sound out through the speakers. One of the most important devices you would need would be the monitor in order to be able to see what you are doing, without it you can’t interact with the computer. Another rather important device would be the internal hard drive for storage. A network interface card would be important for you to be able to connect to a network. The last device I could think of that would be necessary to use your personal computer would be a Modem that communicates at high speeds with the internet. A modem is considered an I/O device because it sends and receives information with the internet so that you can use it and have it do what you want whether it be downloading something or just clicking on a link. I printer alone is an output device but it could be considered an input device because it may have a scanner or fax combined with it. The scanner would take information on a piece of paper and send it to your computer. Also I would think that you could consider a printer an input device because it has to send its information to the computer...
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...I/O Devices NT1110 Assignment 2.1 I/O DevicesKevin Normandy 4/6/15 I/O Devices NT1110 Assignment 2.1 I/O Devices Kevin Normandy 4/6/15 The Critical I/O devices necessary to use a personal computer consist of many items from keyboards, mice, writing tablets, and game pads, to monitors, printers, and speakers and the computer would be unusable without these I/O devices. (Team, 2011) On a desktop without the keyboard there would be no commands or keystrokes. You would not be able to see and use any UI without your monitor. Now in some cases a mouse is an absolute necessity but most commands and tasks can be utilized just by using the keyboard. When it comes to sound and printing, these are not as critical to use the personal PC but without them your experience is without sound and you cannot print any documents for offline viewing. Modems are considered an I/O device because data packets are continually being transferred in and out through its interface, connecting your home computer and or network to your ISP or Internet Service Provider. Now even though you might just think the data as a one way street flowing in from your ISP there has to be data passing back as to what your PC is requesting while you search, update, etc. Printers also might be on that list as to why it is considered an I/O device and essentially it has the ability needs to pass back information for specific processes to complete. Whether it is scanning in a document or printing...
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...operating system have been around for many decades and are very popular. Although a lot of people use these operating system, however they are very different. MAC is the property of apple products. It has been favorite by many graphic designers and artist. It is estimated that no more than ten percent use the apple operating system. Unlike the other systems this system can only be run on MAC devices such as computers, phones etc… Although Macintosh computers have Intel processors, they are not PCs. Likewise, the Mac OS is not compatible with PC hardware, and PC- based operating systems, such as Windows and Linux. The MAC uses graphic user interface that people manulipate with a mouse in keyboard. Unlike the other operating systems MAC is very expensive. Mac software is also used on phones unlike windows. MAC is charactized as user friendly. MAC uses its own web browser named safari. MAC is less likely to fail. Linux is an ever- expanding group of operating systems that are similar to UNIX in their design. They are meant to run on PCs, gaming consoles, DVRs, mobile phones, and many other devices. Linux was designed as an alternative operating system to Windows. It is estimated that no more than one or two percent of the U. S. population uses Linux on PCs. Linux was written by Linus Torwald and is free to anyone. Linux has been around for three decades. Anyone can modify linux code. Linux has great security and flexibility. Linux is free to download. It is licensed under a General...
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...Using the Internet, locate a diagram or photo of these types of memory slots on a desktop or notebook computer: Memory Stick (MS), Micro Drive (MD), Compact Flash (CF), and Secure Digital (SD). [http://images10.newegg.com/NeweggImage/productimage/A24P_1302690737661335787nIu3iEbNe.jpg] 2. Explain the diagram or photo(s) with the name of each type of memory slot. Task 3: Identify the Configuration Procedure 1. Identify the following configuration. Identified as Multiple Device Support with SCSI Host Adapters - this configuration is also known as Daisy Chaining. It allows multiple devices to work on a single SCSI Host Adapter. 2. Define a SCSI and the need to use a SCSI Controller. ------------------------------------------------- Small Computer System Interface that works as an intermediary bus host adapter to accommodate connections with hard disks (mass storage) and other peripheral devices. The need is for the user to be able to interact with external and/or internal devices by sending and receiving data and commanding functions. Task 4: Identify the Color Codes Procedure Most recent systems and sound cards use the PC 99 color coding list. Fill in the table Color | Description | Pink | Analog Line Microphone Audio Input | Light Blue | Analog Line Level Audio Input | Lime...
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...NT1110: LATEST TRENDS ON INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICE MODULE 2 Input/output is generally known as I/O in the IT field. Input/output device is the communication between an information system and another. Input serves as sending data into the computer’s CPU, while output devices send data outwards to the users. It provides man to machine communication. Some input devices could be highlighted as follows: * Keyboard: Originated from typewriter. Keyboard is the most common and very popular input device which helps in inputting data to the computer. It serves as the gateway of control for the computer and also allow the user to manipulate and dictate tasks---ranging from surfing the Internet to writing documents. Keyboard also allows to input letters, numbers, and other symbols into a computer that often function as commands. The layout of the keyboard is like that of traditional typewriter, although there are some additional keys provided for performing additional functions. There are two types of keyboard, which are the QWERTY and Dvora layouts. Keyboards are also of two sizes 84 keys or 101/102 keys, but now keyboards with 104 keys or 108 keys are also available for Windows and Internet. Keyboard is used in the input phase of a computer-based information system. * Mouse: Mouse is most popular pointing device. It is a very famous cursor-control device having a small palm size box with a...
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...Identifying I/O Ports and Devices •Serial Port: A serial communication physical interface through which information transfers in or out one bit at a time. Once very commonly used for connecting an external modem or mouse to a PC, very few new computers will come with one unless specifically ordered that way. •PS/2 Connector: The most commonly used connection for keyboards and mice to a PC compatible computer system. •Parallel Port: Sends several data signals simultaneously over several parallel channels (as opposed to the Serial Port). Once the most common interface for connecting a printer to a computer, these are also now non-existent in a modern PC. •Game Port: The traditional connector for video game input devices on x86-based PCs. •Ethernet/RJ45: Most people consider this their network jack, internet connection or hardline. These ports are typically used to connect twisted pair (more commonly referred to as Cat5e) cable (or we could just say, "Plug in a network cable that gets you onto the internet"). •Modem/RJ11: A physical interface often used for terminating telephone wires. Once standard issue with every desktop PC and laptop, new computers will often be without a modem/RJ-11 port unless specifically ordered that way. •VGA Port: Acronym for Video Graphic Array. The most common connection for external monitors, but not necessarily the most preferred as it carries an analog signal. •S-Video: Separate Video (not Super Video) carries the video data as two separate...
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...Most I/O devices interface to the CPU in a fashion quite similar to memory. Indeed, many devices appear to the CPU as though they were memory devices. To output data to the outside world the CPU simply stores data into a "memory" location and the data magically appears on some connectors external to the computer. Similarly, to input data from some external device, the CPU simply transfers data from a "memory" location into the CPU; this "memory" location holds the value found on the pins of some external connector. An output port is a device that looks like a memory cell to the computer but contains connections to the outside world. An I/O port typically uses a latch rather than a flip-flop to implement the memory cell. When the CPU writes to the address associated with the latch, the latch device captures the data and makes it available on a set of wires external to the CPU and memory system (see Figure 7.1). Note that output ports can be write-only, or read/write. The port in Figure 7.1, for example, is a write-only port. Since the outputs on the latch do not loop back to the CPU's data bus, the CPU cannot read the data the latch contains. Both the address decode and write control lines must be active for the latch to operate; when reading from the latch's address the decode line is active, but the write control line is not. Figure 7.1 A Typical Output Port Figure 7.2 shows how to create a read/write input/output port. The data written to the output port loops...
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...Chapter 6 - Exercises 1. [10 points] What is memory mapped I/O? An I/O scheme in which portions of address space are assigned to I/O devices, and reads and writes to those addresses are interpreted as commands to the I/O device 2. [10 points] Why is DMA an improvement over CPU programmed I/O? When CPU programmed I/O is used the CPU is usually fully occupied for the entire duration of the read or write operation and is unavailable to perform other work. With DMA the CPU initiates the transfer, does other operations while the transfer is in progress, and receives an interrupt form the DMA controller when the operation is complete. This frees up the CPU for other tasks. 3. [10 points] When would DMA transfer be a poor choice? When the amount of data transferred between memory and the I\O device is small. In this case the work to set it up would be more than the benefits of having it. 4. [15 points] Mention two advantages and disadvantages for using a single bus as a shared communication link between memory, processor and I/O devices. Advantages: versatility and low cost Disadvantages: communication bottleneck 5. [15 points] What is the average time to read or write a 512-byte sector for a typical disk rotating at 7200 RPM? The advertised average seek time is 8ms, the transfer rate is 20MB/sec, and the controller overhead is 2ms. Assume that the disk is idle so that there is no waiting time. -8 + (.5*60*1000/7200) + (512/20*2^20) * 1000...
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...1. (2 points) Compare the processors’ access to printers and others I/O devices for the master/slave and the symmetric multiprocessing configurations. Give a real-life example where the master/slave configuration might be preferred. 2. (2 points) Describe the programmer’s role when implementing implicit parallelism. 3. (2 points) Give an example from real life of busy waiting 4. (2 points) Describe the purpose of a buffer and give an example from your own experience where its use clearly benefits system response. 5. (2 points) Compare and contrast the critical region and working set. 1. The master/slave multiprocessing configuration the slave processors access the main memory directly but the master processor speak to the printer and other I/O , whereas the symmetric configuration use homogeneous processors which all communicate with the main memory and the printer and other I/O devices in a synchronized manner 2. Implicit parallelism is the automatic detection by the compiler of instructions that can be performed in parallel is called. Creating knowing when to implement the algorithm for the complier is the role of the programmer 3. Busy waiting: a method by which processes, waiting for an event to occur, continuously test to see if the condition has changed and remain in unproductive, resource consuming wait loops. Real life example would be cars waiting at a stop light waiting for light to turn green...
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...system’s Input /Output architecture is its interface to the outside world. This architecture is designed to provide a systematic means of controlling interaction with the outside world and to provide the operating system with the information it needs to manage I/O activity effectively.” (C.O.A.L). There are three main techniques for I/O, which are Programmed, Interrupt-Driven, and Direct Memory Access (DMA). These three techniques are essential for I/O. The Programmed I/O happens under direct and continuous control of a program requesting the operation. The Interrupt-Driven is when a program issues a command and continues to execute, until it’s interrupted by the hardware to signal the end of the operations. Finally, the DMA is when a specialized processor takes over control of an operation to move a large block of data. All three play significant roles in the architecture of the I/O in a Computer. An organization will have to have a large inventory of assets for just the basic Input Devices, Output devices, and both Input/ Output Devices related to the architecture of a company. A company will need to know the amount of systems needed to accomplish their requirements. Each system will need its own required input/output devices. For example not all systems will need a Web-cam or a printer at each desk therefore they could do one printer for every five systems per say. A good networked printer connected and printer server could eliminate multiple printers by centralizing it....
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...Mr. Yang | NT1110 Computer Structure and Logic | Unit 3 Assignment 1: I/O Devices | | Jesus Gutierrez I/O Devices I/O devices enable us to control the computer and Information in a variety of ways. * What critical I/O devices are necessary to use a personal computer? Which ones are not necessary for normal day-to- day use and why? Necessary devices used on a personal computer keyboard, for typing or telling the computer what to do. Monitor, for seeing all the information you type in, watching videos ect… Speakers for listening music and watching videos. Now a days we often use USB ports for just about everything, storing information from one device to a desk top up to a laptop. Also charging our electric devices, as well as storing information into USB cards. Not necessary I/O for a personal computer can be printer, scanner, web cam. * Why a modem is considered an I/O device? The reason Is it sends and retrieves data usually at the same time. * Though a printer is an essential I/O device, can you think of why it may be also classified as an input device? If It is a combination of printer/fax/scanner it could be both. When it is printing it’s an output device. When scanning it is an input device. [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents...
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...I. Objective At the end of the lesson, students should be able to: 1. Define output device. 2. Enumerate different output devices and its functions. II. Subject Matter A. Topic : Output Devices B. Reference: Introduction to Information Technology By: Albano, Atole & Ariola C. Materials: Personal Computer III. Learning Tasks A. Daily Routine Activity 1. Greeting 2. Classroom Management 3. Prayer 4. Checking of Attendance 5. Checking of Assignment B. Review 1. What is input device? 2. Give examples of input device. C. Motivation D O M T Y F E R P S S M O N I T O R X M A M E R Q R I S P W I N H B I V G P L F R E M N E S O E E J T S o G I D H A O S H E T Y K R A K P A R F E W D Y O E R N Q T G Q S T U R E S D G S R E H E I K F J P R I N T E R O E E M O I M V U P I L Instruction: Encircle/oblong the words that correspond to the different examples of output devices based on the definition given on the left side of the box. 1. An output device used to produce high quality drawings. 2. Displays images on the screen using grids of dots called pixels. 3. Produces sound output from the computer. D. Lesson Proper Objective Content Procedure 1. Define output device 2. Enumerate different output devices...
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...A computer consists of a set of components or modules of three basic types * Processor * Memory * I/O These modules communicate with each other. In effect, a computer is a network of basic modules. Thus, there must be paths for connecting the modules. The collection of paths connecting the various modules is called the interconnection structure. The design of this structure will depend on the exchanges that must be made among modules. First we describe the above mentioned modules briefly: Memory: Typically, a memory module will consist of N words of equal length. Each word is assigned a unique numerical address (0, 1, . . . ,N – 1). A word of data can be read from or written into the memory. The nature of the operation is indicated by read/write control signals. The location for the operation is specified by an address. I/O module: From an internal (to the computer system) point of view, I/O is functionally similar to memory. There are two operations, read and write. Further, I/O module may control more than one external device. We can refer to each of the interfaces to an external device as a port and give each a unique address (e.g., 0, 1, . . . ,M– 1). In addition, there are external data paths for the input and output of data with an external device. Finally, an I/O module may be able to send interrupt signals to the processor. Processor: The processor reads in instructions and data, writes out data after processing, and uses control signals to control...
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...An I/O tool can be either inner (set up in the computer case) or outer (set up away from case). Inner tools may be expansion cards placed in expansion slots on the motherboard, for example a network card, audio card, video capture card, and video card. Outer tools include keyboards, screens, mouse, printers, scanners, and digital cameras. You may connect an external tool to the system utilizing slots coming off the motherboard (serial, parallel, USB, IEEE 1394, etc), or a slot can be supplied by an expansion card. But, for all these various tools, some fundamental rules apply to support each of them. These rules are applied in several places and are summarized here to get a look at them. Look into these basic rules and ideas used when supporting I/O tools: Each and every I/O tool is managed by some software items. If we set up a new I/O tool in our computer, for example a modem or printer, we should set up these tools and the drivers to manage these tools. These device drivers should be written for the OS you are using. For instance the keyboard, which is managed by the system BIOS or device drivers embedded in the OS. With regards to setting up or supporting a tool, the producer knows best. The I/O tools are set up prior to the device drivers which are set up in the computer since the device driver finds the device at the driver set up time (often when the I/O or peripheral device is initially plugged into the computer). Some application software is often needed...
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