...Economist (March 12–18, 2005), revealed for its readers the “Real Digital Divide.” The lead essay (written primarily by technology editor Tom Standage) pointed to an unexpected shift in the world’s attention from computers as the main technology deªning the digital divide to the cell phone. The tone of the article, characteristically, was that of a scold pointing to old shibboleths that have been proven false. First, readers were warned that one proposal to resolve the digital divide—creating a global infrastructure fund focused on computers and the Internet—was especially misguided. According to the authors, markets work better. Second, readers were admonished to shift their attention from the Internet to the increasingly ubiquitous cell phone. The Economist is right in insisting that ICT for development policies need to be constantly reevaluated in light of the current best research ªndings. For example, it takes a justiªably critical look at an overreliance on telecenters as the once-favored answer to digital divides. At the same time, the Economist commits similar errors of oversimpliªcation of which it accuses others. It creates a straw man (in the form of an Internet-for-development evangelist), which it then easily knocks down. It accomplishes this by substituting one kind of new technology, mobile phones, for another kind of new technology. It may well be that the mobile phone is an easy answer to some parts of the digital divide; but probably not. More likely, no single...
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...Version 1.0 General Certificate of Education (A-level) June 2011 ICT (Specification 2520) INFO1 Unit 1: Practical Problem Solving in the Digital World Final Mark Scheme Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all examiners participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the candidates’ responses to questions and that every examiner understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each examiner analyses a number of candidates’ scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, examiners encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Principal Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of candidates’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available from: aqa.org.uk Copyright...
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...GAC002 Assessment Event 4: Academic Research Essay Going forward: The innovations of communication technology in China Question: Trace how technology has changed communication in your country over the past 20 years. With the development of technology, the changes in communication have a pivotal impact on various areas. Definitely, advanced technology is the main driver of these changes. Not only the way of communication has changed, but also the content and means of communication have evolved. The aim of this essay is to examine the evolution of communication technology in China and evaluate its impact on individuals and society. Before 1990s, the main technology applied in communication was called 1G, or the first-generation of wireless telephone technology (Rathod 2012). It transferred only voice data without being encrypted. The sound quality and the speed of transfer were in poor conditions as well. However, over the last 20 years, the quality of communication in China has increased significantly with the development of 2G, 3G and 4G communication technologies. In 1990s, the 2G technology was introduced. This abbreviation refers to digital voice systems, i.e. systems that transmit information via voice signals, which replaced early analog phones. 2G may be considered a revolutionary technology as it not only improved communication, but also contributed positively to public health. In terms of communication, 2G devices secured privacy...
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...MGT401 Term Paper on Submitted To: Submitted By: Mohammad Rezzaur Razzak Kamrijjaman Department Coordinator ID-12304076 BBS sec-01 Date of Submission – 15.12.14 Letter of Transmittal 15th December, 2014 Mohammad Rezaur Razzak Associate Professor BRAC Business School BRAC University Mohakhali, Dhaka. Subject: Submission of report on “Nokia Corporation” Dear Sir, With due respect, I am submitting my report on the above mentioned title for the fulfillment of the requirements of my Strategic Management (MGT401) course. I took this report as an opportunity to reflect my learning of the techniques and skills of this three months long course. I realize that my report may not be flawless; there might be some mistakes which were not noticed by me due to my inadequate professional knowledge. By collecting information for this report I also learned something very superfluous in practical. I look forward to make the optimal use of the knowledge that I gained from this course. I would like to gratitude you for giving me such a great opportunity to prove my ability in making a quality report. If any mistakes remain I heartily apologize for those. I hope you will take my mistakes with due consideration. Thanks. Sincerely yours, Kamrujjaman ID: 12304076 BRAC Business School BRAC University Acknowledgement ...
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...Communications Technology (ICT) is defined as the set of technologies which provide information through devices for communication or application such as wireless networks , television and satellite systems cellular phones, just to name a few. Information and Communication technology is also linked to various services and applications such as video conferencing and distance learning. This essay will therefore be focused on the impact of Information and Communications Technology in the health sector. Benefits of Information and Communications Technology to this sector will also be highlighted as well as some of the concerns that evolve around it and also an emerging ICT trend. The use of health communication strategies and health technologies has improved the health of populations all throughout the world which has enabled persons to understand and use information from the health care sector effectively. One benefit of ICT to the healthcare sector is the building of social support networks. According to Bau, I (2011)“The widespread use of health and communications technologies has the potential to engage patients and health consumers in their own self-care” . Even though there are many persons with the same illness worldwide, not everyone is capable of handling the mental aspect of their illness, the same way. These social support networks provide the help needed and the comfort of knowing that there is in fact, someone there for you. Another benefit of using ICT is the use of electronic...
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...ICT and Legislations In this essay, I am going to analyse current issues and developments in communication and information technology, to include digital and mobile technology and the internet. Where would we be today without technology? Personally, I would be lost, from using my I-phone or setting my alarm to using my docking station for my music. My TV in my bedroom has chrome cast, which keeps my little man safe and occupied whilst mummy is getting ready. It transforms any television in to a smart television that means you can access net flicks or you tube. My son watches Blippi, which provides educational videos for toddlers. It also helps me keep my life simple, for example using my Bank of Ireland app. I can check my balance and my direct debits without having to request a statement or going to the bank. In the past, I used the weather app to scrutinize the weather forecast, pick the best beach to go windsurfing based on the conditions. Now because I am an Irish mammy I use it for reasons that are more important i.e. when is it a good time to hang out the washing. The developments in communication technology also mean we can broadcast information to a wide audience all over the world in a short period. This is very useful for advertisements, conveying important messages and updating citizens on important news. Communications technology has helped us in many ways in our public and private lives. Businesses now use social media for advertising and marketing rather...
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...Definition[1] Strategic markets are defined accordingly to the corporate strategy, which means the main question to be asked is “will investing in this market bring added value to the company?”. Factors affecting the answer will depend not only on the firm’s strategy and objectives, but also on its industry. It is important to stress that added value does not necessarily mean profit, or at least not in a direct way. The strategic importance of the markets goes beyond selling a product or service; it can range from labor cost, to raw materials supply, passing through technology, focus on new trends and the potential market size. To carry the analysis of whether a market is strategic or not several elements should be taken into consideration, such as industry policies, market trends, market growth rate, possible opportunities, market profitability, competition, market size, key success factors and every other key performance indicator available. Attractive markets[3] Framework for choice of markets[2] Low High Gradual Entry Rapid Entry High Disregard for now Establish a reasonable foothold Low Strategic importance of the market Firm’s determination to enter the market It is important that the firm has the ability to exploit the markets, which means it has to be willing to take (reasonable) risks. Strategic markets change over time, not long ago North America and Europe were the first choice, but as we can see Africa and...
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...Postcode:5073 | | If you are submitting the assignment on paper, please staple this sheet to the front of each assignment. If you are submitting the assignment online, please ensure this cover sheet is included at the start of your document. (This is preferable to a separate attachment.) Student ID | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 7 | Email: kamry007@mymail.unisa.edu.au | Course code and title: Strategic Information Systems M (INFS 5058) | School: School of Computer and Information Science | Program Code: LMCB | Course Coordinator: Dr Don Falconer | Tutor: Dr Don Falconer | Assignment number: Two (2) | Due date: 08th Nov 2013, 10:00 PM | Assignment topic as stated in Course Information Booklet: Essay : Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on National Level | Further Information: (e.g. state if extension was granted and attach evidence of approval, Revised Submission Date) N.A. | I declare that the work contained in this assignment is my own, except where acknowledgement of sources is made. I authorise the University to test any work submitted by me, using text comparison software, for instances of plagiarism. I understand this will involve the University or its contractor copying my work and storing it on a database to be used in future to test work submitted by others. I understand that I can obtain further information on this matter at http://www.unisa.edu.au/learningadvice/integrity/default.asp Note: The attachment of...
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...Wiki Loves Monuments: Photograph a monument, help Wikipedia and win! Mobile phone From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "Cell Phone" redirects here. For the film, see Cell Phone (film). For the Handphone film, see Handphone (film). The Qualcomm QCP-2700, a mid-1990s candybar style phone, and an iPhone 4S, a current production smartphone. A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone and a hand phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link whilst moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private base station. In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones. The first hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated by Dr Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing around 2.2 pounds (1 kg). [1] In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. From 1990 to 2011, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12.4 million to over 5.6 billion, penetrating about 70% of the...
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...Table of contents Kulula.com, having embarked in the airlines industry since 2001 as a low cost carrier and with its strategic planning had determined and maintained the airlines profitability and good relationship with the customers, which is the main reason behind their success. Mission Simple, Honest, Great Fun and Inspirational being The Mission of Kulula.com has contributed to the highest quality of customer service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride and company spirit. (Source : Jowell (2002); VOL 1 NO1|emerald emerging markets case studies|pg 19) Strategy Marketing strategies developed by Kulula.com has developed product differentiation and this creation has intimated a good relationship with the customers and has led to quality service at affordable price. Policies The policies of Kulula.com were formulated, keeping in mind to attain customer loyalty of present and potential customers and has successfully established its image in both the corporate and the commercial world, which has resulted with achieving 10% - 15% of the domestic market share in the aviation industry of South Africa. Philosophy Kulula.com’s committed philosophy of ‘Now anyone can fly in South Africa’ to achieve its goals and objectives and ensure uncompromising standards of safety, comfort, reliability & service to its valued Customer & partners. PESTEL (International, Demographical) Analysis As airline industry is a large and growing industry, “PESTEL Framework...
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...at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cber20 Download by: [University of Technology Sydney] Date: 20 September 2015, At: 03:44 Downloaded by [University of Technology Sydney] at 03:44 20 September 2015 British Educational Research Journal Vol. 34, No. 6, December 2008, pp. 783–805 Do new information and communications technologies have a role to play in the achievement of education for all? Jenny Leach* Many commentators have suggested that the use of new information and communications technologies (ICTs) has significant potential in providing access to, and improving the quality of, teacher education. Such an idea is particularly relevant for the Global South, it is argued, where tens of thousands more qualified teachers are required if universal primary education (UPE) is to be achieved. This article explores six arguments commonly used to critique the relevance of ICT for development, encompassing technical, cost, philosophical, cultural and pedagogic issues. The arguments are categorised as the ‘technological’ view; the...
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...Essay Communications | Pr5 Communication Technology Essay | David Bolger | In the last 20 years there’s been a movement away from face-to-face meetings. Instead people and businesses are now advanced forms of Communication Technology. New communication Technologies have connected not only businesses but also people, changing the way we interact on a daily basis. The phone call is one of the more basic methods of Communication Technology. Outside the last 20 years the procedure of calling someone on the phone is generally quite one dimensional. Dial the number, wait for an answer, speak to the receiver. Today however phone users can Skype call on phones, send and receive texts, pictures and email all from a small handheld device. Communication Technology is now becoming more and more portable and people have and expect constant access to the internet. The phone will continue to be a mainstay of Communication Technology. More and more functions are continually being incorporated and built around the core concept of the phone. One of the many dangers of this attention seeking device is the temptation to use it while driving a vehicle in a public place. Under Road Traffic Act 2006 it is illegal to use any handheld device which distracts the driver from driving the vehicle. Communication Technology is less rigid and less inclined to conform to traditional standards (IE letter or telegram). With access to internet...
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...Abstract This essay will try to argue and probably give an answer to the question why my country is not an information society, despite the difficulty that is hiding underneath the vagueness of the general Information’s society definition. If it is considered to be a new form of society we live in, then there is possible a global need of every country to adapt to the new challenge, walk along with its progress, invest, innovate and finally proceed this new type of living, which will likely be based on the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) and e-services. Studying the case of Greece, a small sized country in the European map with a controversial economy and a real GDP growth rate of -7,1% in 2011 (Eurostat, 2011), it could be argued that by default is not listed among the top countries regarding the evolution of Information Society. The reasons that Greece is not an Information society could be found by investigating the case from two perspectives. First in a macro level, by focusing on Greece as a member state of the EU, and second, in a micro level focused on the country itself with all its special characteristics that define its economic, political, social and cultural sphere. By having a closer look on various statistics and facts there will be an attempt to describe today’s reality and then justify why Greece rests still behind towards the emergence of the Information society. Introduction 1. Defining Information society In reality trying to define...
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...1. INTRODUCTION Specification point: Define a computer system Computers today are all around us in one shape or another. Whilst you are reading this page – how many computers are you aware of in the room? Maybe you are in a classroom right now and you are near to a: Mobile phones Calculator Watch Interactive white board Projector Printer Desktop computer Laptop And more probably. The point is that computers come in all shapes and sizes and are often built into other devices. But they share some common features. This mini-web will introduce you to a computer system. 2. A computer system A computer system is one that is able to take a set of inputs, process them and create a set of outputs. This is done by a combination of hardware and software. This diagram below shows you the idea of a computer system in its most basic form The computer system has one or more inputs to provide data. This data is then processed in some way. The outcome of the processing is sent to an output or it may be stored until some event happens to cause it to be output. For processing to take place, there needs to be a set of instructions of what needs to be done. This set of instructions is called a program. This system is called a stored-program computer. The very first computer in the entire world of this type was built in Britain in 1949 and was called the Manchester Mark 1. The beauty of this type of computer system is that it is flexible-the machine performs a different...
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...Technology and Communities of Knowledge (Digital essay) Children of today are growing up surrounded by social networking through blogging, instant messaging, and short message services such as Facebook, Tumblr and Twitter enabling children in which they produce, share, and sometimes exchange ideas over the internet and in virtual communities, it has become a virtual aspect of their lives. These sites have a significant impact on the lives of children. Social networking is transforming the manner in which young people interact with their parents, peers, as well as how they make use of technology. Clearly there are positives with the use of social networking involving a great way to communicate and learn, however unfortunately negative effects on the youth also, a major risk associated with social networking is cyberbullying. Without children having a correct understanding of the inherent dangers that are associated with social networking sites children are at more risk every day. The effects of social networking are twofold.It is inevitable to ignore the fact that nowadays social networking plays an essential role in children’s lives with social networking and other related online communication activities comprised 64 per cent of young people’s total internet time (an average of 49 minutes per day on these activities, (AMCA, 2007). One may ask how spending all that time on the social media sites may have a positive impact on them. Well, social media helps the youth keep...
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