...When Reality is Painful … One day a man called Andrew Laeddis was back home from work discovering that his wife had killed his three children. She was mentally ill and he did not get her help though. Afterwards, Andrew murdered his wife for killing their children. As a result of being unable to accept that he had murdered his wife and the fact that she killed their children, Andrew unconsciously invented another self, created another story in which someone else had committed his own crime. Moreover he denied having any children to escape from the reality of being a murderer and being responsible for the death of his family. At the end, Andrew became mentally ill himself for refusing to accept reality. This is the story of the Movie “Shutter Island” which is an example for what is called “Defense Mechanisms” and how they have a huge effect on our lives. Due to the fact that everyday people are faced with problems, stress, conflict and emotional pain, the mind needs to be protected against these painful feelings. As a result, “Defense Mechanisms” play an important role during these times in order to protect the mind from Stress and Anxiety by “unconsciously” denying reality and refusing it. Although Defense Mechanisms have positive side that they protect the individual against painful thoughts and experiences but using them without awareness can be destructive. “Defense Mechanisms” were researched by Sigmund Freud who’s an Austrian neurologist who became well known as “Father...
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...psychoanalysis. Lord-of-the-Flies by William Golding is a novel that uses Freud’s work. The Lord-of-the-Flies is a novel that depicts a microcosm of society. A plane-full of boys are stranded on a desert island, away from civilisation. Freud’s theory is that if you eliminate rules, “children are completely egoistic” – they only care about themselves. Without any parental guidance, a child relies on its instincts and this is where Freud’s theory of personalities are cleverly conveyed: id, super ego and ego. The use of Freud’s theories exceptionally allows us to have a great depth of understanding of the characters. The first part is the id. This is the “primitive impulses” of the human being. Golding used the character of ‘Lord-of-the-Flies’ to represent the id. Freud’s theory is that the id is based upon pleasing oneself.1 The Lord-of-the-Flies is the instinct that tells the boys that they do not need civilisation anymore and thus this is when savagery prevails. Golding uses Roger to represent the id. The Lord-of-the-Flies, inside Roger, turned him from a young-civilised boy to a killer, when he violently kills Piggy, as a release of his anger which reveals Freud’s theory of instant release. Similarly with the character Jack, when he kills the pig: "…the terrified squealing became a high-pitched scream." (135.)2 Here, these boys have used their instincts of survival and selfishness, abandoning all law and order, for fun and hunting. As Henningfeld confirms:“…Golding seems to be...
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...The research register for this journal is available at http://www.mcbup.com/research_registers The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at http://www.emerald-library.com/ft Journal of Managerial Psychology 16,7 534 Received September 2000 Revised May 2001 Accepted May 2001 Resistance to organisational change: the role of defence mechanisms Wayne H. Bovey Bovey Management (Certified Consultants), Queensland, Australia Andrew Hede University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia Keywords Organizational change, Resistance, Defence, Humour Abstract Observes that the published literature on resistance to organisational change has focused more on organisational issues rather than individual psychological factors. The present study investigated the role of both adaptive and maladaptive defence mechanisms in individual resistance. Surveys were conducted in nine organisations undergoing major change and responses were obtained from 615 employees. The results indicate that five maladaptive defence mechanisms are positively correlated with behavioural intention to resist change, namely, projection, acting out, isolation of affect, dissociation and denial. The adaptive defence mechanism of humour was found to be negatively correlated with resistance intention. Identifies two intervention strategies which can be used by management to address the effects of defence mechanisms on resistance during periods of change in organisations. Journal...
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...My ego was a need that I have for security/fluidity (desire to be many different things), my alter ego would be something that is artificial and fixed, a clear idea that I want to be but am not. This alter ego can be imagined through a person in front of their boudoir spraying perfume. The sensuality behind this scene, the brief moments of entrancement as the perfume is released. Despite their stressors and insecurities, one feels sexy in that moment. “Making faces in the mirror” Geometric shapes=fixed 3 notes = rules There are different elements, but the thing is these differences are set. Build on to the ego a feeling= simplicity Well made blue suit wow (Merriam Webster definition of alter ego) : a second self: as a : a trusted friend b : the opposite side of a personality c : counterpart 3 * ------------------------------------------------- Top Notes: The top notes of a perfume form your first impression of a fragrance. They are immediate and what you notice before anything else. Chemically speaking, top notes are small, light molecules of fragrance that evaporate quickly so they will be the first to fade. Top notes normally fade within 10-15 minutes of applying fragrance to your skin. * ------------------------------------------------- Middle Notes: The middle notes of a perfume emerge right before the top notes fade away into oblivion. These are the “heart” of the fragrance and are sometimes called heart notes. The middle notes...
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...I believe in the theory of Urie Bronfenbrenner which is that human development is influenced by different ecological systems. In his theory he stated that there are five systems that affect us in the things we do. These are the micro system, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem and chronosystem. When we have a fight with our parents or our significant loved ones, this could drastically change the way we handle things and we can easily be angered by situations because we have problems going on at home. Another example would be if a child’s parents get divorced in his/her early age, this may affect the way she is growing up. I have heard news that teens that prefers much older people (for sexual partner) tends to have a background of a divorced family. With that, I do believe the every event, circumstance, situation; upbringing etc. which we have experienced affects the perspective of how we mature as a person and how we handle certain situations. For Kohlberg’s theory, I do believe it too. We follow rules because we are scared of what the punishment will be, as a child we often tend to follow the orders of our mother because we are afraid of the spanking or taking our toys away. But as an adult, we still need to follow the rules that was given to us by someone who has a higher position; like the government they have a billboard that says “wag tumawid dito, nakamamatay” if we disregard the rule we might receive an offense or it might result to death. In Giligan’s theory, I do...
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...three parts, the id, the ego, and the superego. These are the mechanisms through which self develops. The Id is the unconscious self and the source of our libidinal drive. It is what gives us hunger and appetite. The id is not socially constructed. The id is an amoral agency that is expressed in Eros and Thanatos, the life and death drives. The Id also gives us that strong emotional feeling like fear, anger and desire. It is a bundle of drives that derive at birth. The id is uncensored, not capable of waiting for gratification, quite selfish, and even violent. It can be a great source of creativity, but it needs to be controlled. Which is exactly what the ego does. The ego, Freud says is the conscious self. More broadly, the thoughts and behaviors of the self that can potentially be conscious. The ego responds to social pressures and standards such as mores, or the customs of a society. The ego is socially constructed, and as it grows in strength it gets better at impulse control, it makes us responsible, inhibits bad behavior, and plans for the future with a realistic eye for possibilities. Everyone needs a strong ego; it is what makes decisions for you. The superego is our conscience. It is like having an internalized parental representative in your head. This stage is what makes you feel guilty about having certain desires. There is a cop inside your head that is regulating your behavior. It oversees and censors the actions and thoughts of the ego. The super ego is also socially...
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...Paul Thomas Anderson’s latest film The Master, set in 1950, examines dueling forces of the human psyche. The three main characters can be viewed metaphorically in terms of Freud’s id, ego and super ego. Anderson’s new film is a beautiful character study examining the inner workings of human psychology. Freddy Quell is an immature, alcoholic, hypersexual, violent WWII veteran, possesses no self-control, impulsively chasing his cravings His behavior exactly fits of Freud’s id. His primitive qualities resound further in his hunched posture, which resembles an earlier stage of Human evolution. Lancaster Dodd, a writer, scientist and philosopher and founder and self appointed ‘Master’ of The Cause, a cult seeking to raise humans to a state of perfection. Lancaster facilitates this progression through a process of hypnosis which allows individuals to access distant memories of past lives stretching back trillions of years through time holes, providing a deeper, purer sense of self; Lancaster even claims these applications can cure certain types of leukemia. After losing a series of jobs and on the run from a group of farmers, Freddy, in a drunken stupor stumbles unnoticed aboard a docked ship, occupied by Lancaster Dodd and his entourage, just prior to casting off for sea. Freddy awakes unaware of his surroundings and unable to recall the events of the previous night. Hung over, he meets with Lancaster, who is more curious than upset about Freddy’s aggressive, disruptive, uninvited...
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...husband, while he goes through the loss of his wife, and afterwards finds out that she has been cheating on him for years. Such things change a person, and in this short story we get to see exactly how much it can change you. Insanity can be caused by a lot of things. This story shows a perfect example on how a rather normal, fastidious man can turn into a monster. Usually that occurs when a person is controlled by the id or the super ego. In this story I believe that Howard goes through a sort of journey in this story. He starts out being controlled by the ego. He is a nice, loving, family man who likes spending time with the neighbors. When he gets the news about his wife’s death, it seems like his super ego tries to take over, because he wants things to be like they were before, and does not want people to be around him all the time, but since that’s not going to happen, his mind goes straight to the id. I would say that the id is trying to take over, right after he had had the fight with his neighbor Carol. When he then, goes out to kill and rape that girl, his id had taken over the control, and he was completely insane. Howard is the main character in this story. He is a very dynamic person because he changes a lot, from when we first meet him in his normal surroundings till at the end where he has gone insane. The story is taking place in a suburb close to London. I think they are from the high end of the middleclass because we are being introduced to his house, in such a...
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...There are 3 parts to a person’s personality: the id, ego and superego. The super ego is the moderator of the id and handles the conscious. If the super ego is inadequate, then it can lead to delinquent behaviour and crime. A weak superego can lead to a lack of inhibitions while a deviant superego (identifying with a deviant model) can lead to a lack of understanding of what is right and wrong. A harsh superego can lead to a child seeking out opportunities to be punished which can include crime and delinquent behaviour. The psychoanalytical approach also says that defence mechanism can lead a person to commit crimes, for example: Denial can make a person so ignore the acts they are committing or neglect to accept the severity of them. Displacement is when a person takes their anger and frustration out on something or someone else than the person/thing that is making them feel like that which can mean attacking a stranger on the street. This theory also says that maternal deprivation can be linked to criminal behaviour as a lack of maternal affection can cause affectionless psychopathy which investigated in a study by Bowlby. He tested 44 juvenile delinquents for affectionless psychopathy. He found 14 cases of it within the delinquents, he then asked the families of said juveniles to see if there was a separation from the mother for an extended period of time. Out of the 14, 12 had spent long periods of time apart from the mother. This suggests that maternal deprivation can be the...
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...Heirakuji English 11 LOTF Essay: Id, Ego, and Superego Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory of personality applied to: The Lord of the Flies "One might compare the relation of the ego to the id with that between a rider and his horse. The horse provides the locomotor energy, and the rider has the prerogative of determining the goal and of guiding the movements of his powerful mount towards it. But all too often in the relations between the ego and the id we find a picture of the less ideal situation in which the rider is obliged to guide his horse in the direction in which it itself wants to go." -Sigmund Freud. There are three Freudian components of personality, the Id, Ego, and Super ego. The Id resides completely at the unconscious level, and is usually applied by the “pleasure principle”, which is basically the want to do something for instant gratification. The superego resides in the preconscious. It is the moralist and idealistic part of the personality and brain. This part operates on the “ideal principle”, which begins around the age of four to five. The ideal principle covers how people are raised, and whether environment or attention effects our development. Basically, the superego is what tells you right from wrong. Lastly, is the ego. Ego resides in all levels of awareness (conscious, subconscious, and preconscious), and operates under the “Reality Principle”, which is the ego's control of the pleasure-seeking activity of the id in order to meet the demands of...
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...instilled in you since birth by your culture (citation here) As a child I was often told that we are Christians and we will go to church because that is what we do. Whenever I challenged or questioned my mother her response would be “because I said so”. This was not an easy barrier to overcome, but it was one that I would not readily accept. I began studying other religions and meeting people of other religions to gain a better understanding of how other individuals worship. The most important thing I learned is that although we all may worship and have a different name for the God we serve, some values are universal. Some morals such as praying, respect, lying, stealing and forgiveness are practiced by several different cultures. Ego Defense Ego defenses are psychological coping strategies that distort reality in order to protect ourselves from anxiety, guilt, and other bad feelings. Some of the more basic ones that impact on our thinking are denial, projection, and rationalization. (citation here) For most of my young adult life I had a serious spending habit, which caused some financial set backs that effected as an adult. I had no qualms about using my bill money to purchase the latest styles. If I was offered a credit card I would max the card out, not taking into account that this was affecting my credit. If I was called on the carpet I would make excuses and get defensive about being confronted about my...
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...Ego Defence Mechanisms Introduction Ego psychology embodies a more optimistic and growth oriented view of human functioning and potential than do the earlier theoretical formulation. It generated changes in the study and assessment process and led to an expansion and systemization Of interceptive strategies with individuals. It fostered a re-conceptualization of the clinic worker relation ship, of change mechanisms, and of the interventive process. It helped to refocus the importance of wok of with the social environment as well as work with the family and the group. Moreover, it has important implications for the design of service delivery, large-scale social programs, and social policy. DEFINITION OF DEFENCE MECHANISM Ego-defense mechanisms are learned, usually during early childhood and are considered to be maladaptive when they become the predominant means of coping with stressors. What is EGO psychology? Ego psychology comprises a related set of theoretical concepts about human behavior that focus on the origins, development, structure, and functioning of the executive arm of the personality _the ego_ and its relationship to other aspects of the personality and to the external environment. The ego is considered to be a mental structure of the personality responsible for negotiating between the internal needs of the individual and the outside world. The following seven propositions characterize ego psychology’s view of human...
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...Opinion Piece-The Nicki Minaj vs. Mitt Romney Controversy By Faith Choi, Jour. 1160 Nicki Minaj’s statement about her voting for Mitt Romney, in her new song with L’il Wayne, was a lyric of pure sarcasm. Minaj, who is originally from Trinidad, is known for her strange clothing, fast raps, and alter egos. The song called “Mercy” from the album “Dedication 4 Mixtape” was released on September 3, 2012. Since then, it has gained popularity for being very explicit, vulgar, and hopelessly controversial. The lyric that caused so much controversy lies in the second verse of the song where Minaj states: “I’m a Republican voting for Mitt Romney.” Now, just by listening to the first half of the sentence, people will go straight to their computer and tweet something nasty about how Nicki Minaj has “betrayed us all” or how “she’s lost the respect of America.” For those who stayed to listen before unleashing their thoughts onto the Internet, the full sentence actually goes, “I’m a Republican voting for Mitt Romney/You lazy b*tches is f*cking up the economy.” Nevertheless, a full-fledged Internet storm was inevitable as most of the listeners would’ve been the ones in the first scenario: running to display their opinions without thinking anything through. “Even political pundits entered the fray,” writes Daniel Dale of Toronto Star. Dale quoted Sean Trende, RealClearPolitics senior elections analyst, when he said, “There is about a 0.00000001 percent chance Nikki [sic] Minaj was not mocking...
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...and always being surrounded by children. This became the turning point in his life that forever changed the way the public viewed him. He was accused of child molestation. After being accused he endured a long trial but charges were dropped after a monetary compensation was made. Not only did the public see him as a pedophile but was viewed as weird and crazy. He had three children through artificial insemination, and ultimately died of an overdose. Freud’s psychoanalytic approach consists of three structures in the mind, the id, ego, and superego. Psychosexual stages lie within these structures. Like any other animal, we are born with desires, instincts and motivations. The Id is referred to as the undifferentiated core of personality. It operates as the pleasure principle, which strives to satisfy it’s desire, motivations, instincts, or impulses. Therefore, reducing tension within oneself. For example, Freud would say that Michael Jackson has a strong Id in which all his desires lay with being a child again. He wants to experience all the...
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...Analyze Psychodynamic Theories The psychodynamic approach “views schizophrenia as the result of the disintegration of the ego. It is the ego’s job to keep control of the id’s impulses and strike a compromise between the demands of the id and the moral restrictions of the superego” (Sammons). According to the Freud, “some types of abnormal upbringing (particularly if there is a cold, rejecting ‘schizogonic’ mother) can result in a weak and fragile ego, whose ability to contain the id’s desires is limited” (Sammons) This can lead to the ego being ‘broken apart’ by its attempt to contain the id, leaving the id in control of the psyche. If the ego is broken apart, the person can lose contact with reality and would not distinguish themselves from others and fantasies. They would not be distinguishing reality from fantasy. Some disorder of childhood consists of learning disorders, ADHD, and conduct disorder. With learning disorders, they are helped by identifying the issue and coming up with techniques that can help the problem at hand. Children are encouraged to devise new technique that can help them address the problem. The psychodynamic theory has proven to be effective in many cases. The textbook states that the psychodynamic theory tries to rule out the symptoms of a child before diagnosing the child with ADHD. Psychodynamic theorist will notice that the symptoms will occur in response to overwhelming events. Psychodynamic theorists focus on trying to find the source of distress...
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