...four broad philosophical schools of thought that apply to education today. They are idealism, realism, pragmatism and existentialism. Two of these general philosophies, idealism and realism, are derived from the ancient Greek philosophers, Plato and Aristotle. The other two are more contemporary, pragmatism and existentialism. However, this paper is much concerned about the views of both idealism and realism on education, curriculum, teacher, student and methodology, stating categorically three main points on each. To begin with, one long-standing philosophical idea that has exerted a powerful control on the mind of man throughout ages is Idealism. Idealism is the ontological and epistemological principle that ideas or thoughts make up elemental truth. Fundamentally, it is any philosophy which maintains that the only thing essentially foreseeable is consciousness while we by no means can be convinced that material or whatever thing in the outer world in actuality exists thus the only true things are intellectual entities not corporeal things which are present only in the good judgment that they are perceived. Idealism pervades all the creation and it is an underlying, unlimited and ultimate force which reigns supreme overall mind and matter. In education, the influence of Idealism has gone a long way to restrict some of the radical thinking and establish the worth of the eternal ideals and value of life. According to Idealism, man is the most beautiful creation of God. Self-realization...
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...nourishing. Mencken H. L.On Ideals and Idealism The educational approach of this philosophy is of a holistic nature. In which self-realization and character development is strongly supported. The idealist feelsthat with the growth of a fine moral character as well as personal reflection,wisdom is gained. The holistic approach is supported instead of a specializedconcentration on a specific targeted area. By combining experiences gainedthrough critical thinking and dealing with broader topics, the idealist creates anenvironment in which a learner can rationalize information across curriculum.Idealism as a philosophy had its greatest impact during the nineteenth century.Its influence in today’s world is less important than it has been in the past..Idealism is the conclusion that the universe is expression of intelligence and will,that the enduring substance of the world is the nature of the mind, that thematerial is explained by the mental. Idealism as a philosophy stands in contrastwith all those systems of thought that center in nature (naturalism) or in man(humanism)." According to idealism "to be" means to be experienced by aperson. Idealism holds that the order of the world is due to the manifestation inspace and time of an eternal and spiritual reality. As to knowledge, idealismholds that knowledge is man thinking the thoughts and purposes of this eternaland spiritual reality as they are embodied in our world of fact. As to ethics,idealism holds that the goodness of man's individual...
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...IDEALISM AND EDUCATION A. WHAT IS IDEALISM? In the Idealist tradition, * the spiritual and the ideal are central to man’s experience and to our interpretation of reality * ideas are of ultimate importance: they are primary, matter is secondary (less important) * matter is perceived through senses, which are not always reliable * ideas are only grasped by the mind, and therefore more reliable * whatever is known is known through the mind, in the form of ideas B. THE MAIN TENETS OF IDEALISM Views about reality * only the mental or the spiritual is ultimately real * the world is an expression of a universal Mind * ideas are real, material objects are less real than the ideas that refer to them * the world of the mind and ideas is eternal, permanent, unchanging and orderly * truth and values are absolute and universal (the same everywhere) * a human being has a material body and an immortal soul (mind) * the soul is durable and permanent Views about knowledge * the human mind has latent ideas at birth (ideas that are present, but not developed or fully formed) * Plato believed: knowledge is merely remembering (reminiscence) what is already in the mind * true knowledge is gained through strict mental discipline, mainly through Maths, Philosophy and Logic * senses are important as points of contact with the material world, but they are not always reliable. * the mind is the most important part of a person’s being * whatever...
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...Dr. Michael Hart EDUC 305 Reflective Writing Assignment 3 Idealism is derived from ancient Greek philosopher, Plato. Idealists believe that reality exists independent of the human mind. Matter is characterized by instability; therefore it is not a reliable source of knowledge. Idealism is characterized as education that is highly intellectual in content and the standards of achievement are universal. This means that all students are held to the same standard of excellence. All ideas are deemed as enduring and the only true reality (Dunn, 2005). Idealism challenges the mind to consider the nature of reality and questions of “ought” and “why” directly addressing question of truth and meaning Plato views on idealism are contrasted with Aristotle realism and he believed that the external world have apparent absolute existence. Idealism provides meaning without verification, and realism provides verification without meaning (Brayley, 2003). Aristotle is referred to as the father of realism. Unlike Plato, Aristotle did not believe that reality existed independent of the human mind. He instead believed that reality consisted of both matter and form. He stated that each particle of matter has both universal and particular properties. Realists believe that reality exist independent of the human mind. Aristotle believes that the proper study of matter leads to the formation of better ideas, and ultimately true knowledge and understanding. Aristotle beliefs are apposite...
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...Jager (2015) defines idealism as a theory that states that our reality is shaped by our thoughts and ideas. Realism on the other hand deals with the fact that reality has an absolute existence independent from our thoughts, ideas and even consciousness. This essay intends to contrast idealism and realism that is outlining the differences between the two theories. The first part is the comparison of the two theories, the second part discusses the differences between the theories with examples to elaborate. In conclusion the essay purpose that the reader is able to differentiate with a clear understanding of the two theories in the context of international relations. Idealism, according to (Heywood, 2014) dealing with how we view things whether in an ideal or perfect manner and Realism dealing with treating with things in a practical way and viewing some situations pragmatically and makes idealism focus on “what could be done” and realism focusing on “what actually is”. Generally idealists are under the impression that human nature is good and with regards to international relations the cycle will initially attain peace, whereas realists sorely believe that the cycle of international relations will not change, it will always be anarchic...
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...or our era. Modern philosophers would state that the mission of philosophy is autonomy: the liberty of a person to act in harmony with their decisions about themselves and what they believe in by using there own logical thoughts (Velasquez, 2009). As we examine these five philosophical positions we will determine the benefits and challenges of each that a spot administrator may face. 2. Idealism Idealism may be referred to as the act or practice of envisioning things in an ideal form with the pursuit of ones ideals. The philosophy of idealism suggests that the object of external perception, in itself or as perceived, consists of ideas. The idealist therefore will more likely represent things in an ideal form or as they might or should be rather than as they are. He/She cherishes or pursues high goals somewhat as an optimist. Idealism is perhaps the oldest systematic philosophy in Western culture and one of the most notably proponents of this is the outstanding philosopher Plato. He has developed one of the most historically influential philosophies of education which still exist. Socrates, also a well known philosopher and may be described as Plato’s mentor in modern times had influenced people during his time...
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...Idealism versus Reality I wish to begin my inquiry and understanding of what Schiller is trying to say by defining and listing Adam’s Smith ideas on division of labor and its beneficial and undesired effects. It is important to do so as Smith is a predecessor to Schiller and the society/circumstances Schiller is subject to is a product of adherence or implementation of Smith’s philosophy since its propagation. Adam Smith theorizes that division of labor leads to increased efficiency by saving time, as direct result of specialization of labor at each step in production, this specialization on part of labor needs to increased dexterity and ingenuity on part of the laborers who with their experiential knowledge will improvise production or invents things to save their labor and time. All this will leads to betterment of the society because there will be more good and commodities available for the society as whole, but at the cost of the individuals or the class of workers subject to DOL system of production. According to Smith they will turn in to dull human beings, incapable of analysis and protecting their country. And he proposes the idea of compulsory universal education that will at least lessen this undesired outcome of DOL to some degree. A necessary sacrifice by the part of the society for the betterment of society as a whole. This separation of part from the whole at a macro level is what is going to form the basis of Schiller’s opposition to Smith’s argument...
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...The ability to determine what is right and what is wrong is known as moral philosophy. These ethics are learned through friends, family, and formal education. However, moral philosophy can be influenced by business and corporate culture. This is why it is important for all of society that business and corporate leaders understand and manage their firms with the highest ethical respect possible. It is the social responsibility of these companies to be aware that they are accountable for their actions and what they may or may not do can echo an eternity into the world’s future. In 1972, Ford Motor Company released the Ford Pinto, a small cheap car that could financially compete with the new economic cars from Asia. The Ford Pinto got a lot of attention because it was the first American made car to rival the Asia automobiles. However, the Pinto had a design flaw in that the position of the fuel tank was poorly placed and as a result was highly susceptible to car fires. This flaw was recognized by ford but was deemed an economic step backwards. If the production to fix the flaw was put in place, it would raise the overall price of the car. Thus, making the car less attractive to potential buyer. Ford decided to push the car despite the recognition of the fatal flaw. To make this decision Ford ultimately broke it down in terms of money. Ford determined that to go back and fix the design flaw to would cost $137 million as oppose to $49.5 million for those who will lose their life...
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...Thet Paing Soe Professor James Rowe Philosophy 1500 14 May 2015 Prompt 1 The True Nature of Reality When it comes to describing the nature of our reality, philosophers have been in search of a system that truly and completely explains everything. It is noteworthy that numerous system have developed over the past few centuries. However, in this paper only four notable theories (dualism, materialism, idealism and transcendental idealism) will be explored. Each theories provide adequate explanation of reality but there are limitations and shortcomings when one contemplate carefully. The theories will be explored and critique by using the mind body problem, The Chinese room, the radical emergence theory. Moreover, one should consider which theory describes the nature of reality with least logical incoherencies. Substance Dualism is a theory that describes “mind and matter” as “two distinct things” (Nagel Thomas 206). Furthermore, substance dualism categorize matter as “physical or material substance” and mind or soul as “non-physical or immaterial substance” (Lacewing Michael) “Substance Dualism”). So, dualism is the proposal that human being as a living, thinking entity not only includes brain and physical matter but also a non-physical substance to account for the mind. The famous seventeenth century French philosopher René Descartes claimed that as “a subject of conscious thought and experience, he cannot consist of spatially extended matter”. He therefore states that...
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...Believe students learn better when grouped with peers. 5. Believe the curriculum and lessons should keep the students’ attention. II. Students’ responsibility 1. Show respect at all times. 2. Stay alert and involved with discussions. 3. All students should strive to reach their goal. III. Faculty and Staff 1. To promote a positive attitude in the classroom along with a pleasant atmosphere. 2. Show concern towards the students and their learning. 3. Expand ideas to help students exceed their test scores. 4. Boost creative thinking in the classroom. My educational philosophy is most aligned with the philosophy of idealism. One person’s prior experiences and background in education...
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...Components of Curriculum Components of Curriculum I. Objectives and Goals: English is the world's second largest native language, the official language in 70 countries. English can be at least understood almost everywhere among scholars and educated people, as it is the world media language, and the language of cinema, TV, pop music and the computer world. Goals: To improve the learning experiences that is more meaningful and appreciable for student’s wisdom and knowledge by providing to them more activities. To improve the English language among the students who are not aware to the second language that we have. To improve the speaking skill, reading skill and writing skill of the each students using the English language as a Universal Language. Objectives: * Provide learning experiences that increase the learner’s awareness, knowledge and self- confidence of every students in society; * Develop the skills, attitudes and values essential for personal development, a productive life and constructive engagement; * Promote experiences that develop the learner’s orientation to the work and prepare the learners to engage in honest work; * Prepare the learners for college; and * Prepare the learner’s in the work field. II. Subject Content Unit 1 First Quarter: * Intonation * Using SVC Pattern * The Diary of a Young Girl (Anne Frank) * I am a Filipino (Carlos Romulo) Second Quarter: * /I/ and /iy/ * Using SV and SVO Patterns ...
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...or Student-Centered |Characteristics | | |Authority | | | | | | |Perennialism |Teacher-centered |Knowledge is enduring, seeks everlasting truths, views | | | |principles of existence as constant or unchanging, values the | | | |ability to reason, associated with idealism | |Progressivism |Student-Centered |An educational theory that emphasizes that ideas should be | | | |tested by experimentation | | | |and that learning is rooted in questions developed by the | | | |learner. This approach encourages divergent thinking—moving | | | |beyond conventional ideas to come up with | |...
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...10 Modern Philosophers and their Contribution to Education 4 Replies The following article is a guest post from Ryan De Guzman, a fellow writer and colleague. Visit his own blog Nevermore Nonsense to read more of his posts. Two and a half millenniums ago, Plato stated that knowledge is justified true belief, an influential notion that shaped educational theories across time. Since then, modern thinkers had never stopped seeking knowledge about the human psychology, development, and education. Here, are the ten greatest. John Locke and the Tabula Rasa Locke (1632-1704), an English philosopher and physician, proposed that the mind was a blank slate or tabula rasa. This states that men are born without innate ideas, and that knowledge comes from experience and perception, as opposed to predetermined good and evil nature, as believed by other thinkers. On his treatise “Some Thoughts Concerning Education”, he emphasized that the knowledge taught during younger years are more influential than those during maturity because they will be the foundations of the human mind. Due to this process of associations of ideas, he stressed out that punishments are unhealthy and educators should teach by examples rather than rules. This theory on education puts him on a clash with another widely accepted philosophy, backed by another brilliant mind Immanuel Kant and Idealism They never lived at the same time, but history always put Locke and Kant on a dust up. A famed German thinker...
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...Grace Chin Paper #2 Intro to Philosophy, Phil-2-2503 Dr. Fjeld October 7, 2010 The Unbridgeable Gap Over centuries, the epistemological gap has been an issue of debate and controversy among deep philosophical thinkers. This very gap refers to the gap between “subject” and “object”, and it is this very gap that provoked the question of true objectivity. Can we reach true objectivity and in essence, know an object in itself? Although many philosophers found their own ways of bridging the epistemological gap and proposed many intellectual explanations, I found that for myself personally, none of the theories settled quite perfectly for me. There was always a lingering question among the theories as their own separate entities, and so as a believer of a mélange of different ideas and philosophies, I must say that I do not believe that the epistemological gap can be bridged. Plato first began to tackle the epistemological gap by presenting the idea of “Forms”. He insisted that through love here in existence, we are pointed to the perfect forms above, with each step up being a step closer to the higher Forms. He believed that all things in existence participated in the perfections above us. For example, anything beautiful here on earth partakes in the bigger, higher Form of “Beauty” in the heavens. Plato gives the cave parable in his dialectical The Republic to further explain the pathway from denseness to clear. All people on earth view only the shadows reflected off the...
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...and wealth is a qualifier for power. The human leader of the whole operation, Parker Selfridge, wishes to obtain unobtainium for his own self-interest because it would give him power and wealth on Earth. The mere fact that the golden ticket to wealth and power is called unobtainium signifies that this is something that is unobtainable. This relates to Classical Realism because one is never able to obtain enough power. A key idea that E.H. Carr discusses in Harmony of Interests, is that the interests of all states is the same. This interest is self-interest. In Avatar, the interest of Parker is for personal wealth, the interest of Grace is scientific understanding, and the interest of Jake is something akin to adventure. A common idea in Idealism, which Carr was critical of, suggested that when someone was acting for the good of the community, they were promoting their own interests, and when they were promoting their own interests they simultaneously acting for the good of the community. Carr’s skepticism is proven to be correct in Avatar because Parker’s interest of unobtainium is neither helpful for Grace’s research and is actually destructive for the Na’vi people. Each of their interests works against each other instead of for each other. Toward the end of the film it becomes evident that Parker and the colonial do not have the same end goal in mind. In the beginning, they both wish to conquer the Na’vi people. However, when it comes to fighting the war, it becomes obvious that...
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