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Ifrs Summary

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Interna'onal Financial Repor'ng Standards

IFRS 1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • First-­‐'me adop'on of Interna'onal Financial Repor'ng Standards

IFRS 1 applies

-­‐-­‐> only when an en'ty adopts IFRSs

-­‐-­‐> first 'me

First IFRS financial statements

-­‐-­‐> first annual financial statements

-­‐-­‐> (in which)

-­‐-­‐> an en'ty adopts IFRSs

IF the first IFRS financial statements cover

two annual periods

ending December 31, 2009

(compara've informa'on is required by IAS 1)

-­‐-­‐> first IFRS repor'ng period

= January 1, 2009 -­‐ December 31, 2009

-­‐-­‐> earliest period in IFRS financial statements

= January 1, 2008 -­‐ December 31, 2008

-­‐-­‐> date of transi'on to IFRSs

= beginning of the earliest period

(in IFRS financial statements)

= January 1, 2008

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • If the first IFRS financial statements cover

two annual periods

ending December 31, 2009

Required financial statements:

(1) opening statement of financial posi'on (under IFRS)

-­‐-­‐> at January 1, 2008 (date of transi'on to IFRSs)

(2) statement of financial posi'on

-­‐-­‐> at December 31, 2009 and 2008

(3) statement of comprehensive income

-­‐-­‐> for the years ending December 31, 2009 and 2008

(4) statement of changes in equity

-­‐-­‐> for the years ending December 31, 2009 and 2008

(5) statement of cash flows

-­‐-­‐> for the years ending December 31, 2009 and 2008

Opening IFRS statement of financial posi'on:

(1) recognises all assets and liabili'es (required by IFRSs)

(2) does not recognise assets and liabili'es (not permiRed by IFRSs)

(3) reclassifies assets, liabili'es, and equity items (as required by IFRSs)

(4) measures assets and liabili'es (as required by IFRSs)

Adjustments

-­‐-­‐> from the transac'ons (before the date of transi'on to IFRSs)

-­‐-­‐> due to different accoun'ng policies under IFRS and previous GAAP

-­‐-­‐> recognised directly in retained earnings

-­‐-­‐> at the date of transi'on to IFRSs

IFRS 2 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Share-­‐based Payment Share-­‐based payment transac'ons are recognized in the financial statements.

Three types:

(1) equity-­‐seRled share-­‐based payment transac'ons

(2) cash-­‐seRled share-­‐based payment transac'ons

(3) share-­‐based payment transac'ons with a choice of seRlement

Equity-­‐seRled share-­‐based payment transac'ons

-­‐-­‐> increase in equity

(1) measured by fair value of goods or services

(2) if fair value of goods or services cannot be es'mated reliably,

-­‐-­‐> fair value of equity instruments is used

(3) fair value of equity instruments

-­‐-­‐> based on market prices

Cash-­‐seRled share-­‐based payment transac'ons

-­‐-­‐> increase in liability

(1) measured by fair value of liability

Share-­‐based payment transac'ons with a choice of seRlement

(1) to the extent that a liability is incurred

-­‐-­‐> treat as a cash-­‐seRled share-­‐based payment transac'on

(2) to the extent that no liability is incurred

-­‐-­‐> treat as an equity-­‐seRled share-­‐based payment transac'on

IFRS 3 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Business Combina'ons Acquisi'on method for business combina'ons

One of the en''es in business combina'on is iden'fied as the acquirer.

Acquirer gains control of the acquiree.

Others have non-­‐controlling interest in the acquiree.

Assets acquired and liabili'es assumed

-­‐-­‐> measured at fair value on acquisi'on date

If (1) > (2) -­‐-­‐> paid more for goodwill

Goodwill = (1) -­‐ (2)

(1) Considera'on paid to acquire net assets

(2) Fair value of net assets (assets -­‐ liabili'es) acquired

If (1) < (2) -­‐-­‐> paid less, so gain

Gain on bargain purchase = (2) -­‐ (1)

(1) Considera'on paid to acquire net assets

(2) Fair value of net assets (assets -­‐ liabili'es) acquired

Gain on bargain purchase

-­‐-­‐> recognized in profit or loss (current period earnings)

-­‐-­‐> on acquisi'on date

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Insurance Contracts What is an insurance contract?

-­‐-­‐> a contract

IFRS 4 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

-­‐-­‐> the insurer accepts insurance risk

-­‐-­‐> from the policyholder

-­‐-­‐> the insurer pays the policyholder

-­‐-­‐> if the insured event affects the policyholder (adversely)

Deposit component

-­‐-­‐> if an insurance contract has both

(1) an insurance component

and

(2) a deposit component,

-­‐-­‐> unbundling rules apply.

Liability adequacy test

-­‐-­‐> at the end of each repor'ng period,

-­‐-­‐> insurer assesses

-­‐-­‐> whether insurance liabili'es are adequate

(to cover the es'mated future cash flows)

If the carrying amount of insurance liabili'es

-­‐-­‐> is inadequate,

-­‐-­‐> recognise the (en're) deficiency in profit or loss

Unbundling rules

(Q1) can an insurer measure the deposit component separately?

(Q2) do the insurer's accoun'ng policies require to recognise

all obliga'ons and rights from the deposit component?

(1) if the answer to (Q1)=no,

-­‐-­‐> unbundling is prohibited

(2) if the answer to (Q1)=yes,

and the answer to (Q2)=yes,

-­‐-­‐> unbundling is permiRed,

-­‐-­‐> but not required

(3) if the answer to (Q1)=yes,

and the answer to (Q2)=no,

-­‐-­‐> unbundling is required

Unbundling an insurance contract

-­‐-­‐> insurer applies

(1) IFRS 4 to the insurance component

(2) IAS 39 to the deposit component

IFRS 5 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Non-­‐current Assets Held for Sale and Discon'nued Opera'ons What is a disposal group of assets?

-­‐-­‐> a group of assets

(1) to be disposed of

(2) together as a group

(3) in a single transac'on

Non-­‐current assets (or disposal groups)

-­‐-­‐> are classified as held for sale

if

-­‐-­‐> carrying amount is expected to be recovered

(1) principally through a sale transac'on

(2) not through con'nuing use

Non-­‐current assets (or disposal groups) classified as held for sale

-­‐-­‐> reported separately (from other assets)

in the statement of financial posi'on

Measurement

Non-­‐current assets (or disposal groups) held for sale are measured

-­‐-­‐> at the lower of (1) and (2):

(1) carrying amount

(2) fair value less costs to sell

IFRS 5 cont • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • What is a discon'nued opera'on?

-­‐-­‐> A component of an en'ty that

(1) has been disposed of

or

(2) is classified as held for sale

-­‐-­‐> and sa'sfies one of the following condi'ons:

(3) represents

a separate major line of business or

geographical area of opera'ons

(4) is part of a single plan to dispose of

a separate major line of business or

geographical area of opera'ons

(5) is a subsidiary

acquired exclusively for the purpose of resale

Disclosure requirement

in the statement of comprehensive income

-­‐-­‐> the sum of (1) and (2) is reported as a single amount

in the statement of comprehensive income

(1) the profit or loss (post-­‐tax basis)

of discon'nued opera'ons

(2) the gain or loss (post-­‐tax basis) recognised on (2a) or (2b):

(2a) the measurement to fair value less costs to sell

(2b) the disposal of the assets (or disposal groups) of discon'nued opera'on • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Disclosure requirements

either in the notes or in the statement of comprehensive income

-­‐-­‐> an analysis of the sum of (1) and (2), from the previous disclosure requirement

(3) revenue, expenses and pre-­‐tax profit or loss

of discon'nued opera'ons

(4) income tax expense related with (3)

(5) gain or loss recognised on (5a) or (5b):

(5a) the measurement to fair value less costs to sell

(5b) the disposal of the assets (or disposal groups) of discon'nued opera'on

(6) income tax expense related with (5)

-­‐-­‐> net cash flows of discon'nued opera'ons

(aRributable to the

opera'ng, inves'ng and financing ac'vi'es)

-­‐-­‐> the amount of income from con'nuing opera'ons and

the amount of income from discon'nued opera'ons

(aRributable to the owners of the parent)

IFRS 6 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Explora'on for and Evalua'on of Mineral Resources What is an explora'on and evalua'on expenditure?

-­‐-­‐> an expenditure incurred

-­‐-­‐> for the explora'on and evalua'on of

-­‐-­‐> mineral resources

Such expenditures recognised as an asset

-­‐-­‐> is called an explora'on and evalua'on asset

Measurement at recogni'on

-­‐-­‐> explora'on and evalua'on assets are measured

-­‐-­‐> at cost

Measurement ajer recogni'on

-­‐-­‐> choose one of the following models:

(1) cost model

(2) revalua'on model

Cost model

-­‐-­‐> carrying amount

= cost

-­‐ accumulated deprecia'on

-­‐ accumulated impairment losses • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Revalua'on model

-­‐-­‐> carrying amount

= revalued amount

Revalued amount

= fair value at the date of revalua'on

-­‐ subsequent accumulated deprecia'on

-­‐ subsequent accumulated impairment losses

Explora'on and evalua'on assets

-­‐-­‐> classified as tangible or intangible

-­‐-­‐> reflec'ng the nature of assets

Indica'on of impairment

-­‐-­‐> rules of IFRS 6 are different from those of IAS 36

Impairment test

-­‐-­‐> rules of IAS 36 are applied

Recogni'on of impairment loss

-­‐-­‐> rules of IAS 36 are applied

IFRS 7 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Financial Instruments: Disclosures Disclosures required by IFRS 7 help users evaluate:

(1) significance of financial instruments

-­‐-­‐> for performance and financial posi'on

(2) nature and extent of risks

-­‐-­‐> from financial instruments

Part 1: Significance of financial instruments

-­‐-­‐> for performance and financial posi'on

Part 1A: statement of financial posi'on

Part 1B: statement of comprehensive income

Part 1C: other disclosures

Part 2: Nature and extent of risks

-­‐-­‐> from financial instruments

Part 2A: quan'ta've disclosures

Part 2B: qualita've disclosures • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Part 1A: statement of financial posi'on

1A-­‐1: categories of financial assets and financial liabili'es

1A-­‐2: financial assets and financial liabili'es at fair value

1A-­‐3: reclassifica'on

1A-­‐4: derecogni'on

1A-­‐5: collateral

1A-­‐6: allowance for credit losses

1A-­‐7: compound financial instruments

1A-­‐8: defaults and breaches

Part 1B: statement of comprehensive income

1B-­‐1: income, expense, gains or losses

Part 1C: other disclosures

1C-­‐1: accoun'ng policies

1C-­‐2: hedge accoun'ng

1C-­‐3: fair value

Part 2A: quan'ta've disclosures

2A-­‐1: credit risk

2A-­‐2: liquidity risk

2A-­‐3: market risk

Part 2B: qualita've disclosures

2B-­‐1: exposures to risk

2B-­‐2: how to measure and manage the risk

2B-­‐3: changes in 2B-­‐1, 2B-­‐2

IFRS 8 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Opera'ng Segments What is an opera'ng segment?

-­‐-­‐> a component of an en'ty with the following characteris'cs:

(1) discrete financial informa'on is available

(2) engages in business ac'vi'es (earns revenue, incurs expenses)

(3) opera'ng results are regularly reviewed

-­‐-­‐> to assess performance

-­‐-­‐> to make resource alloca'on decisions (to the segment)

Quan'ta've thresholds (10% Rule):

(1) assets are 10% or more of the combined assets

(2) revenue is 10% or more of the combined revenue

(3) profit or loss (in absolute amount) is 10% or more of

the greater of (3a) and (3b), in absolute amount:

(3a) combined profit of all opera'ng segments

-­‐-­‐> that did not report a loss

(3b) combined loss of all opera'ng segments

-­‐-­‐> that reported a loss

If an opera'ng segment meets any of the quan'ta've thresholds,

-­‐-­‐> informa'on about the opera'ng segment

-­‐-­‐> is reported separately • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 75% Rule:

If total external revenue (of reported segments) < 75% of en'ty's revenue

-­‐-­‐> addi'onal segments are reported

-­‐-­‐> even if they do not meet 10% Rule

un'l total external revenue (of reported segments) ≥ 75% of en'ty's revenue

Informa'on to be disclosed:

(1) general informa'on

(2) segment revenues, segment profit or loss,

segment assets, segment liabili'es, basis of measurement

(3) reconcilia'ons

(of the segment totals of following items)

to corresponding en'ty amounts:

segment revenues, segment profit or loss,

segment assets, segment liabili'es, other material segment items

En'ty-­‐wide disclosures:

(1) geographical areas

(2) major customers

(3) products and services

IFRS 9 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Financial Instruments Structure of IFRS 9

Recogni'on and derecogni'on

Classifica'on

Measurement Recogni'on of financial assets

IFRS 9: 3.1.1

Financial assets are recognised when and only when

-­‐-­‐> the en'ty becomes a party to the contract

Recogni'on principles of financial assets were moved to IFRS 9: 3.1.1

Recogni'on principles of financial assets did not change

IAS 39.14 (Before the amendments by IFRS 9, November 2009)

Financial assets and financial liabili'es are recognised when and only when

-­‐-­‐> the en'ty becomes a party to the contract

IAS 39.14 (Ajer the amendments by IFRS 9, November 2009)

Financial liabili'es are recognised when and only when

-­‐-­‐> the en'ty becomes a party to the contract

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Classifica'on of financial assets

IFRS 9: 4.1

Financial assets are classified as one of the following:

(1) Financial assets subsequently measured at amor'sed cost

(2) Financial assets subsequently measured at fair value

Fair value op'on

IFRS 9: 4.5

En'ty has an op'on to designate financial assets

-­‐-­‐> as financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL)

Such a designa'on can be made

-­‐-­‐> only at ini'al recogni'on

and

-­‐-­‐> only if it eliminates accoun'ng mismatch

IFRS 10 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Consolidated Financial Statements (revised June 28, 2012) Consolidated financial statements are prepared -­‐-­‐> when an en'ty controls other en''es.

Who prepares consolidated financial statements? -­‐-­‐> An en'ty that is a parent

A parent is -­‐-­‐> an en'ty that controls other en''es.

A subsidiary is -­‐-­‐> an en'ty that is controlled by another en'ty.

When does an investor control an investee? -­‐-­‐> When an investor has all of (1), (2) and (3). (1) power to direct ac'vi'es of the investee (2) ability to use power to affect the returns (3) exposure (or rights) to variable returns from the investment

Defini'on of control by IAS 27 before the revision in May 2011. -­‐-­‐> Control is the power to govern (A) to obtain benefits. (A) the financial and opera'ng policies of an en'ty

A parent en'ty prepares consolidated financial statements -­‐-­‐> by applying uniform accoun'ng policies -­‐-­‐> for like transac'ons

Non-­‐controlling interests are presented -­‐-­‐> withing equity -­‐-­‐> separately from the equity of (B) (B) owners of the parent

IFRS 11 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Joint Arrangements (revised June 28, 2012) Joint arrangement is an arrangement -­‐-­‐> that is controlled jointly by two or more par'es

Joint control is contractually agreed sharing of control -­‐-­‐> of an arrangement

Types of joint arrangement (1) joint opera'ons (2) joint venture

Financial statements of a joint venturer (1) Interest in a joint venture is recognised as an investment. (2) Equity method is used to measure the investment -­‐-­‐> IAS 28 Investments in associates and joint ventures

Financial statements of a joint operator -­‐-­‐> Recognise assets, liabili'es, revenue, expenses -­‐-­‐> in rela'on to its interest in a joint opera'on.

IFRS 12 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Disclosure of Interest in Other En''es (revised June 28, 2012) IFRS 12 provides the guidance on the disclosure of informa'on -­‐-­‐> about an en'ty's interests in (1) subsidiaries (2) joint agreements and associates (3) unconsolidated structured en''es

IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements -­‐-­‐> A parent en'ty prepares consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements -­‐-­‐> A venturer applies equity method to the investment in a joint venture.

Joint control is contractually agreed sharing of control -­‐-­‐> of an arrangement

Structured en'ty is an en'ty where -­‐-­‐> vo'ng rights are not the dominant factor -­‐-­‐> to decide who controls the en'ty.

An example of a structured en'ty: -­‐-­‐> Administra've tasks are determined by vo'ng rights and -­‐-­‐> other ac'vi'es are directed by contractual arrangements.

IFRS 13 • • • Fair Value Measurement Defini'on of fair value Fair value of an asset is the price -­‐-­‐> an en'ty would receive when an asset is sold -­‐-­‐> in an orderly transac'on -­‐-­‐> between market par'cipants. Fair value of a liability is the price -­‐-­‐> an en'ty would pay when a liability is transferred -­‐-­‐> in an orderly transac'on -­‐-­‐> between market par'cipants. (1) Fair value is an exit price. -­‐-­‐> The price an en'ty would receive when an asset is sold. -­‐-­‐> The price an en'ty would pay when a liability is transferred. (2) Fair value is a market based measurement. -­‐-­‐> Fair value is not an en'ty-­‐specific measurement. (3) Fair value is a price from an orderly transac'on. -­‐-­‐> A price from a transac'on that is not orderly requires adjustments. If an asset or a liability is ini'ally measured at fair value -­‐-­‐> and the transac'on price is different from fair value, -­‐-­‐> the difference is recognised in profit or loss. Transac'on price is -­‐-­‐> the price an en'ty pays to acquire an asset or -­‐-­‐> the price an en'ty receives to assume a liability. Transac'on price is an entry price. Fair value is an exit price.



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