...Illicit Financial Flows From Developing Countries: 2001-2010 Dev Kar and Sarah Freitas December 2012 Illicit Financial Flows From Developing Countries: 2001-2010 Dev Kar and Sarah Freitas1 December 2012 Global Financial Integrity Wishes to Thank The Ford Foundation for Supporting this Project 1 Dev Kar, formerly a Senior Economist at the International Monetary Fund (IMF), is Lead Economist at Global Financial Integrity (GFI) and Sarah Freitas is an Economist at GFI. The authors would like to thank Simón Ramírez Amaya, an intern at GFI, for assistance with data research as well as Raymond Baker and other staff at GFI for helpful comments. Any errors that remain are the authors’ responsibility. We are pleased to present here our analysis of Illicit Financial Flows From Developing Countries: 2001-2010. In our previous annual reports we have utilized the World Bank Residual model adjusted for trade mispricing, presented in both gross non-normalized and in filtered normalized calculations. In this year’s report we are adding a second form of analysis, the Hot Money Narrow model adjusted for trade mispricing, again presented in non-normalized and normalized calculations. The results for 2010 are summarized as follows: World Bank Residual Plus Trade Mispricing, Non-Normalized World Bank Residual Plus Trade Mispricing, Normalized Hot Money Narrow Plus Trade Mispricing, Non-Normalized Hot Money Narrow Plus Trade Mispricing, Normalized US$ 1,138 billion US$ US$...
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...* Skip to Navigation * Skip to Content TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory * Join * Search * Browse * Saved Papers ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Search Bottom of Form * Home Page » * Other Topics Unison In: Other Topics Unison - Case Study 1. Synopsis of the Case study UNISON is Britain and Europe’s biggest trade union that represents the 1.3 million strong workforce. The case study explains in the details, the analysis of the PEST analysis of the Migrant Workers Participation Project that is being run by them in U.K now. As a part of EU, U.K allows immigration of workforce from all E.U countries except Romania and Bulgaria. UNISON intends to enroll these immigrants as a part of their organization, so that they are aware of the laws and regulations of the country. The immigrants would come to know through this about their legally allowed working hours, taxes etc., which otherwise they wouldn’t have asked their employees, fearing losing their jobs. They also intend to help migrant workers overcome issues in various different ways, e.g. producing workers’ rights leaflets in 11 different languages. It also intends to enlighten the employers about the issue and help them in communicating to their immigrant worker population. This is being done as the immigrant population has benefited the U.K economy by adding workforce in various fields,...
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...Indonesia has a long history of migrant workers to Saudi Arabia. The unfair treatment of the workers always draws global attention on the human rights of the migrant workers. However, the activists NGOs of women migrants need our attention even more than usual. As women do not enjoy equal social (or even in household) position as men in Indonesia (local scale), they are usually been ignored by the government, both Saudi Arabian (national scale) and Indonesian governments (global scale). They are seriously abused and harass in those countries and suffer from great fear of losing their opportunity of going back to their home country as their passports have been collected by the agencies under illegal reasons. It is a shame that there are many NGOs to fight for equal gender treatment but the problem seems too broad and complicated and the leakage is not easy to fix. I argue that activist NGOs in those Southeast Asian countries have work hardly on both politics of scale and social construction of scale in from local to global scales, and they have gained more global attention by decades than before as more people and governments pay more attention on the women migrants now. It is essential to set effective labour laws to protect women (or other migrant workers) from being cheated by the agencies for false income rate and departure date, to avoid more victims to appear and do not know the effective way to contact the NGOs to help. First, I will provide a brief historical background...
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...Week Four: Organization Preparation Training Data Conversion Details Due Points Objectives 1.1 Explain organizational change strategies. 1.2 Explain process business procedures. 1.3 Compare technical training and End User training. 1.4 Explain methods and timing considerations for training personnel. 1.5 Explain data transformation and migration. 1.6 Explain conversion programs and procedures. 1.7 Explain sample data extraction for testing. 1.8 Describe the conversion schedule. Readings Read Ch. 16, “Making the System Operational,” of Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World. Read Ch. 15, “Measuring IT Investments and Returns,” of Management of Information Technology. Read Ch. 1, “The World of the Modern Systems Analyst,” of Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World. Read Ch. 13, “Managing Computer and Data Resources,” of Management of Information Technology. Read Ch. 9, “Moving to Design,” of Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World. Read Ch. 10, “Development and Acquisition Alternative,” of Management of Information Technology. Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Participation Participate in class discussion. 2.5 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. Day 3 and 5 2.5 Learning Team Instructions Draft Change Request #2 to Service Request SR-bi-001, Word Processing Software Upgrade. Add the testing plan to your detailed project plan. Incorporate the testing plan into the plan schedule. Amend the Microsoft...
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...Human Trafficking United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) defines human trafficking as “the acquisition of people by improper means such as force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them”. UNODC notes that every country of the world is affected by human trafficking crimes. Therefore, the United States is not an exception. Smuggling of migrants is also often labelled as human trafficking although there are certain distinctions between them. At the same time, Chacon (2986) fairly points out: “the line between smuggling and trafficking is becoming increasingly blurry”. The United States is an attractive country for migrants from all over the world. Illegal migration is one of the major concerns of the US government. This illegal migration is a part of a broader problem which is human trafficking. This paper is an attempt to explore how human trafficking affects the US economy, and specifically how it affects Houston. Migrant smuggling refers to assistance to individuals to cross borders illegally. Usually such assistance is provided for financial gain. Individuals may illegal cross border for various purposes such as performing labour, including sex services (Chacon, 2981). Migrant smuggling is usually conducted under the coercive conditions (Chacon, 2981). The United States is majorly a destination or a transit territory for human trafficking ("Humantrafficking.org "). By different estimates, 4,500 to 17,500 people per year are trafficked to the country ("Humantrafficking...
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...Immigration Immigration is the act of moving to reside in another country permanently. People who immigrate is called immigrant or can be considered as permanent resident. In the old days, people immigrate to another country due to many factors such as changing climate, inadequate supply of food and wars. The pace of migration had accelerated since the 18th century due to the involuntary slave trade and then followed by industrialization in the 19th century. But nowadays, there are varies of reason that motivate immigration. In this essay, I will write about the factors that motivate migration and challenges immigrants face in the new country. There are both pull and push factors that motivate migration. According to Lewis (1982),” environmental, economic, political and social problems can be categorized as push factors in migration.” Lack of employment opportunities is one of the main problems in immigration, such as in Indonesia. Indonesia ranks the 4 largest population in the world. With so many competitors to emulate with, it’s difficult to find job. The pays is not good and some are unable to support their family and is forced to be a labor in foreign countries. So, there are many people immigrate to another country hoped to get a job in there and start their new life. In Indonesia, safety is what people fear of. Criminality occurs everywhere, especially in big cities such as Jakarta and Surabaya. In 2011, there were reported 54,799 violent crimes, 64 murders, 68 rapes...
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...Migration, Immigration, and Emigration, and Their Effects on Religion, Women, and Minorities in the Developing World Migration, Immigration, and Emigration, and Their Effects on Religion, Women, and Minorities in the Developing World Migration/Immigration Issues Bolivia has a population of 10 million regular citizens and approximately 1.6 million emigrants. Migration is an important issue in this country, and there are currently efforts underway to establish a law of migration that will serve as a basis for the implementation of a policy to meet the needs of foreigners in Bolivia. In addition, because of the huge socioeconomic gap between the rich and the poor, migrants are highly vulnerable to human trafficking and labour exploitation (IOM, 2011, para. 1). About half of Bolivia citizens have migrated inside or outside to other countries; however, Bolivia also receives many immigrants from Brazil, Paraguay, Eastern Europe, and Japan. Some Bolivians migrate to other properties only wanting to return home; however, many stay permanently. Spainish immigrants have the largest portion living in Bolivia. In the earlier days, it was easy to migrate to Spain with not having a visa; however, today it is not as easy to immigrate. The issues for Bolivia migration are that people are worried about increased crime, increased pollution, congestion, and loss of traditional cultural practices and values. Let us take a look at the issues people are worried about. The crime rate...
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...Illegal Immigration and Border Policy In recent years, Illegal immigration has been a contemporary political and social debate. It has been the platform of many politicians, especially in the southwest, and it is often a popular subject in news media. People in favor of strict immigration policy often claim that illegal immigrants are costly to the American economy and that they take American jobs. The border control policy is ineffective, it is often too costly for its effectiveness. Border policies have increased the number of immigrant deaths in the deserts of border states. Not only that but the US/Mexico border is harmful to the environment. The anti-immigration policy that's currently in effect goes against a rich cultural history in North America. Lastly, popular arguments made for strict immigration will be brought to light. In 2006, George W. Bush signed H.R. 6061, also known as the Secure Fence Act, in an attempt to increase border security and expand the US/Mexico Border. Prompted by heightened national security measures after 9/11, the bill was designed to "help protect the American people" and marked " an important step toward immigration reform" (Bush 2006). The bill doubled funding for border security, increasing expenditures from $4.6 billion in 2001 to $10.4 billion in 2006. This money went to "[authorize] the construction of hundreds of miles of additional fencing along our Southern border" and to "[deploy] thousands of National Guard members to assist...
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...Module 1 Assignment 3: Risky Decision Presented to Dr. John Muehl Argosy University Methods & Analysis of Qualitative Research | B7783 BLB March 3 , 2014 Pratik Shah Each year millions of people cross the U.S. borders illegally in search of the American dream — a land of freedom and opportunity that can provide them and their families with a quality of life they cannot enjoy in their home countries. Throughout the 2000s, Americans became increasingly concerned with illegal immigration, citing the rising cost of illegal immigrants and the strain they place on public services such as the education, legal, and emergency medical systems in the U.S. With some 11 to 12 million illegal immigrants currently residing in the U.S. and working in jobs that most Americans will not do, illegal immigrants feel they are a crucial part of the economic prosperity enjoyed by U.S. citizens.With many varying opinions about illegal immigrants, people on all sides of the issue are calling for immigration reform. Everyday citizens, business leaders, and immigrants, legal and illegal, are making their views known to lawmakers in an attempt to spur immigration reform that will fairly address the problem of illegal immigration and provide a solution that is beneficial to all people residing and working in the U.S today. Immigration Reform is obviously a big issue in America today. I mean everywhere you go; you either see something about or read about it. There is no exact number as to how...
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...Immigration Roberto Hernandez Sociology-1301-10D1 04/20/14 A great portion of the United States is built upon immigrants. People come to this country for a "better life." A life of opportunities and freedom. I lived in Mexico for the first13 years of my life. As a child, I remember watching American shows that were translated into Spanish. I always dreamed and pictured myself attending a school with lockers and a gym class just like the ones on TV. It never occurred to me to see myself in this country doing everything that I dreamed of. Being able to go to places that I thought was once impossible for me to see. Being able to have an education; a future. All of this was made possible because of my uncle. If it wasn't for him, my parents, grandparents, and I would not be living here in the land of opportunities. Because of my uncle, my dad was able to work here as a lawful permanent resident. Meaning, he is a foreign national given the privilege of permanently living and working in the United States. In order for this to unfold, the immigrant has to have a relative whom is already living in the United States who is willing to sponsor them and prove that they have enough income to support them and/or their family. With this, of course there are many steps that follow. To begin, the USCIS must approve an immigrant visa petition filed by the sponsor (my uncle) for the immigrant. Then, they would need to demonstrate income and take total responsibility by completing...
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...l ARTICLE ON ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION Migration has always represented an important factor in society’s development. Ever since ancient times, people have been travelling around the world, some staying only for a while, some choosing to set (A SE STABILI???) in certain areas, getting married and starting a family with a local partner. Consequently, cultures and languages mixed and this is how powerful nations like England, The USA, Germany were born. This phenomenon of migration also takes place nowadays, constantly. People leave their native land in the hope that foreign countries will offer them either better paid jobs or simply a more resourceful background for their children. Unfortunetely, times changed and nowadays’ world requests more than a loaded caravan for a permanant setting abroad. Embassy meetings, disscussions and tests, thorough checks on family history, language certificates and a long period of time until receiving a final decision. However, according to the 2013 census, more than 35% of the imigrants worldwide chose to ignore these legal procedures and left their native country without any documents and visas, finding fairly quickly a illegally paid job abroad. Is it the lack of time and money that stops people from following the normal...and LEGAL path? Who hires illegal immigrants and why aren’t these employers punished? Are there any solutions against this matter? Comparing the prices and taxes to the average wage, anyone with a slight sense of reality could...
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...------------------------------------------------- Associate Program Material Diversity Worksheet Answer each question in 50 to 150 words. Provide citations for all the sources you use. 1. What is diversity? Why is diversity valued? Diversity is to be different. Not necessarily to be better than anyone else, but to set yourself apart from others and have your own mind in the things you do, the way you dress or even the way you talk.Diversity is valued because its your appearance, its what people see you as on the outside. 2. What is ethnocentrism? In what ways can ethnocentrism be detrimental to a society? Ethnocentrism is the belief of one’s own ethic group or culture. Ethnocentrism can be detrimental to a society by disrespecting one’s beliefs or even mocking there choice of culture. Reason for saying this is because people are diverse , therefore, they make their own choices about what they want to do. So, making fun of or going against something that has no meaning for you is not right it will only make things worst in society. * http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ethnocentrism?s=t 3. Define emigration and immigration. Emigration- an act or instance of emigrating. Immigration- a group or a number of immigrants. * http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/emigration?s=t * http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/immigration?s=t 4. What are some of the ways groups of people are identified? Some ways people are identified by others can be...
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...Ethics and Undocumented Immigrants Undocumented immigration is a controversial topic these days. There are many factors that make it so. There are many ethical issues involved with undocumented immigration, and they stem from the fact that undocumented immigrants are not officially recorded as being in the country. Undocumented immigration is also commonly termed as “illegal” immigration, and what makes it illegal is when a person flees their native country into another country while violating the immigration laws of the destination country. Before getting into the ethical issues surrounding undocumented immigrants, it is important to understand both what causes people to become undocumented immigrants, and what effects undocumented immigrants have on their destination country. There are many factors which may lead a person to illegally cross a border into the United States. The most common reason is economic, but other reasons include persecution in the home country, genocide, or a desire to escape a war-torn country. The majority of illegal immigrants in the United States come from Central America, and in particular Mexico. In many of these cases, one family member (usually a man) will cross the border into the United States in order to make more money and send it home to his family. The minimum wage for a day of work in Mexico is roughly $4. (Daily Minimum Wages 2008) In contrast, a Mexican who comes to work in the United States will make about double that amount...
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...April 23 – Gendered Migration Immigrant Integration: gender migration of family (who migrates, what country, what country recognize the immigrants who is coming), economy * If you are documented, you don’t have to go to * Advantages are based on the foreign credentials * Where you move to America, location, you can get public transition and a lot more various facilities * If you know the language, easier to find a job – if not, than there are ESL classes offer Decision making: * Family * Who do you know? * Where to move? * At what age? For college? After marriage? When have kids? When come to America: Gender, norms, society and tradition changes. * Shifting power: maybe you (female) was not allowed to work in your country and now you are working * Labor participation – certain occupation are divided based on gender as suppose IT are males and NURSE are more female * For some immigrants, working conditions are terrible, long hour, unclean cite, less pay and heavier work; because if you hire certain people for certain job then after time you kow what people are right for what job * New reorganization Barriers to work * People who come with degree of MBBS end up being labor worker because it is hard for them to practice * They are being deskilled, hard for them to show their skill set * On contrary, when people are leaving their country to come to US to make fortune, but their native country is losing some great...
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...Reverse Outline • Introduction- background on migration from El Salvador (paragraph 1). • Reasons why Salvadorans migrated to the United States. Mainly focusing on the commercialization of coffee in Central America and the subsequent Salvadoran migration to San Francisco (paragraph 2). • Size of the Salvadoran population in the United States since 1970 (paragraph 3). • Demographics of migrants from El Salvador (paragraph 4). • Locations of Salvadoran communities in the United States (paragraph 5). • Gender influence on the Salvadoran communities in the United States (paragraph 6). • The dangers of migrating to the United States (paragraph 7). • The problems in El Salvador that cause people to emigrate (paragraph 8). • The process of becoming a legal resident in the U.S. (paragraphs 9, 10, 11). • The difficulties Salvadorans face when trying to become legal residents • Explanation of why most Salvadoran immigrants in the U.S. are illegal (paragraph 12). • Job opportunities in the United States for Salvadorans (paragraphs 13,14) • Jobs for men (paragraph 13) • Jobs for women (paragraph 14) • How location impacts job opportunities for Salvadorans (Paragraph 15). • Wages for Salvadoran workers in the United States (Paragraph 16). • Forces causing Salvadorans, especially women, to migrate to the United States. Some come to reunite with family members, while others come alone (Paragraph 17). • Comparison of immigration law for males and females from El Salvador (Paragraph...
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