Premium Essay

Immunisation Vaccine Analysis

Submitted By
Words 1816
Pages 8
Immunisation is the process of protecting the body against disease by means of vaccines or serums which contain antibodies. Antibodies defend the body in several ways, one of which removes the bodies body’s natural resistantresistance. The measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR vaccine) is an attenuated live virus, which helps the body produce antibodies and build immunity against the virus in case it comes into contract with it again. Since the introduction of the MMR vaccine there have been reported links that this vaccine causes autism and neurodevelopment disorders and affects the nervous system. It has been highlighted in the media that there is a possible connection between the MMR vaccinating vaccination and the formation if autism …show more content…
The mumps virus “causes swelling in glands just below the ears giving the appearance of chipmunk cheeks.”[12]Before the vaccine was available the mumps caused meningitis which is lining of the brain and spinal cord and acquired deafness. The measles starts off with a fever, cough, runny nose and conjunctivitis. It creates a rash which starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. If the virus infects the lungs it can cause pneumonia. Measles in older children and adolescent causes seizures and brain damages.[12]Rubella also known as German measles causes a rash on the face and swelling of glands behind the ears. In some cases it has been seen that it can cause swelling in small joints and a fever. If pregnant women are exposed to rubella within the first trimester of their pregnancy, there is a 20% chance of the child will be born with a birth defect.[12] Protection against measles was first introduced in 1963, while vaccines for the mumps and rubella became available in 1967. These three vaccines were eventually combined in 1971 to become the MMR vaccine. However in 1988 Dr. Andrew Wakefield studied the link between the MMR vaccine and the “heightened risk of autism”[14]. The study focused on twelve children who had chronic intestinal disorder but had a history of normal mental development. [14] After receiving the MMR vaccines the children began to show signs of …show more content…
It has been uncovered that there has been an increased rate of diagnosing autism which directly correlates with MMR vaccine immunizations overtime .[2] Furthermore, studies have shown that when the injection is injected the gastrointestinal tract doesn’t function to its maximum potential.[6] The MMR vaccine conceivably affects the peripheral nerves in the gastrointestinal tract which causes serotonin, a neurotransmitter to build up.[6] People with an dysfunctional gastrointestinal tract have a higher rate of reflux.[6] Due this there is a build up of serotonin which damages the central nervous system.[6] The body is ultimately put out of balance and this causes problems to arise. From this it has been assumed that the bloodstream has impurities enter it that circulate to damage parts of the brain.[6] The parts of the brain that are damaged are different depending on the subject that has Autism.[1] But the anatomy of the central nervous system consists of the spinal cord and the brain, these components are noticeably effected in people who have Autism.[1] This damage to the central nervous system is how autism, a hyperactive disorder is likely to be formed from the MMR vaccine. Heterogeneity is found between a normal brain structure and a brain that has been impacted by autism,

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Immunization Records Mgt System

...BUGANDA ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND TECHINICAL EDUCATION - MENGO AUTOMATED IMMUNISATION RECORDS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM A CASE STUDY OF NSANGI HEALTN CENTER III A RESEARCH REPORT BY NAMATOVU ANGELLA BR/DCS/8045/11 A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNICATION AND EDUCATION IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER SCIENCE OF BUGANDA ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION JULY 2013 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this research which submitted to the department of communication and education of Buganda Royal institute is my original work and it is and it has never been submitted to any other degree/diploma award institute. Students Name: NAMATOVU ANGELLA Reg No:BR/DCS/8045/11 Date:___________________________ Approval I approve that this research report has been under my supervision and it is ready for Submission to the academic council of Buganda Royal Institute. Supervisor’s Name: Mr. SSekuwanda Henry Signature: ____________________________ Date: ___/07/2013 DEDICATION I dedicate this research report firstly my mother who has sacrificed whatever My siblings and my friends at Buganda Royal Institute for both moral and financial support they have provided. May the almighty God Reward them accordingly. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to acknowledge this piece of work most especially...

Words: 7325 - Pages: 30

Premium Essay

Gsk Company Profile

...divisions, pharmaceuticals and consumer healthcare. This profile deals with the pharmaceuticals division, which generates 85% of GSK’s sales. The five largest selling GSK products are Seretide/Advair for asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD); Paxil/Seroxat and Wellbutrin, both antidepression drugs; Avandia/Avadamet for type 2 diabetes; and the antibiotic Augmentin. Each of these drugs generated above £800 million of sales in 2003. GSK produces a broad range of products of special importance to developing countries, including: Anti-malaria drugs Zentel (albendazole), for de-worming and the prevention of lymphatic filariasis Pentosam, against leishmaniasis Anti-retrovirals (ARVs) for the treatment of HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis drugs Vaccines for developing countries Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) CSR refers to the responsibility of a company for the social, ecological and economic impacts of its operations. GSK follows a proactive and comprehensive CSR approach. In 2003, the company formally adopted a set of Corporate Responsibility Principles. The company is highly transparent about its CSR policies and has a clear governance structure on CSR. Reporting...

Words: 18642 - Pages: 75

Premium Essay

Business Management

...284 I The Johns Hopkins and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Control of communicable diseases 7 This measles 'jab' will help prevent this child from the consequences of measles such as pneumonia, malnutrition, blindness and brain disease. Photo:Marko Kokic,Canadian Red Cross Control of communicable diseases in emergencies Description This chapter gives an overview of common and emerging communicable disease threats among displaced populations because of natural and human-made disasters. General and disease-specific strategies for monitoring, preventing and controlling disease outbreaks are discussed. Learning objectives To review communicable diseases of public health importance; To discuss the basic principles for communicable disease control in emergency and post-conflict situations; To plan a communicable disease control programme for emergency settings; To discuss simple but effective ways of preventing outbreaks of communicable diseases; To describe how to manage specific disease outbreaks in emergency settings; To review re-emerging and other diseases that may affect displaced populations; To discuss how to monitor and evaluate communicable disease control programmes. Key competencies Identify communicable diseases of public health importance; Discuss the basic principles for communicable disease control in emergency and post-conflict situations; Discuss how to design and evaluate disease control...

Words: 19028 - Pages: 77

Premium Essay

Epidemiology and Health Promotion

...Developing Interprofessional Skills in Health Promotion & Public Health Practice. Unit 1 Assignment 1 Epidemiology and Health Promotion Epidemiology and Health Promotion 2008 Introduction Epidemiology can be defined as ‘the study of the distribution and determinants of disease in communities’ (Ewles and Simnett, 2003, p108). It can provide health promoters with valuable information about the health of a population, assisting with the identification of particular health issues in a community. ‘Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health’ (WHO, 1984). This assignment will examine four data statements in more depth to determine if the data could be used to inform the development of health promotion interventions. Data 1 260,000 people in South east have type 2 diabetes. Source Diabetes UK • What additional information would be needed? To ascertain what information would make the data statement more meaningful, it is initially important to consider what demographic details are needed. Demography is ‘the study of the statistics about a population, such as birth, death and age profile’ (Ewles and Simnett, 2003, p 334). The figure of ‘260,000 people’ omits details of the population; it would be prudent to discover the age range, ethnicity, occupation and sex, of this group. Analysing the demographic and socio-economic data whilst examining links between deprivation...

Words: 2655 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Health Promotion in Diabees

...N O R T H E R N T E R R I T O R Y D E PA R T M E N T O F H E A LT H Health Promotion Strategic Framework 2011 - 2015 www.healthynt.nt.gov.au NT Department of Health Health Promotion Strategic Framework 2011 - 2015 Background This framework provides a structure for describing the type of health promotion actions that are used across the Northern Territory. It enables a shared understanding of the actions that can be taken to improve health and wellbeing. It also provides guidance about embedding a health promotion approach into all planning processes, programs and service development across the NT. While this framework is intended to be used within the health sector, we strongly encourage other sectors and agencies outside of the health domain to use the framework. This framework should be used in conjunction with health promotion audit tools and other health promotion resources available in the NT, such as the Public Health Bush Books and the Quality Improvement Program Planning System (QIPPS). It is also designed to be used as a guide, together with other local, regional and national frameworks, policies, strategies and resources. Why Health Promotion? The World Health Organisation (WHO) acknowledges the growing evidence that health promotion and preventive health approaches are effective in improving overall health and wellbeing, reducing the burden of chronic disease and injury, addressing health inequities, facilitating the better use of resources and enhancing...

Words: 6391 - Pages: 26

Premium Essay

Igy Life Sciences White Paper

...[pic] Polyclonal Antibodies - Immunoglobulin (IgY) April 2012 Table of Contents 1.0 The Immune System 3 2.0 Antibodies 6 3.0 Avian Antibodies 7 4.0 Why IGY? 8 5 .0 Polyclonal Versus Monoclonal Antibodies………………………………………………………..9 6.0 Purpose of IGY Inc. – Antibody Extraction 10 7.0 IGY for Use in Humans ………………..………………………………………………………….11 8.0 References 15 IGY Immune Technologies & Life Sciences Inc. 1.0 The Immune System The human immune system is comprised of a complex network of lymphoid organs and highly specialized cells that protect the body against infection by recognizing and killing pathogens. This immune system includes lymphatic organs and vessels, lymph nodes, white blood cells, specialized cells and serum factors. The immune system utilizes both the lymphatic vessels and the blood circulatory system to transport white blood cells called lymphocytes through out the body (1). The immune system can be classified as an innate or adaptive system. As a first line of defense against pathogens, we depend on innate immunity. Innate immunity is nonspecific and includes physical barriers such as skin, mucous membranes and secretions with antimicrobial activity including tears and mucous. Pathogens that cross this line of defense are often destroyed by phagocytes which are white blood cells that engulf and digest cellular debris and foreign agents by the process known as phagocytosis...

Words: 5610 - Pages: 23

Free Essay

Alzheimers Disease

...Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. Research advances have enabled detailed understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the hallmarks of the disease-ie, plaques, composed of amyloid β (Aβ), and tangles, composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. However, as our knowledge increases so does our appreciation for the pathogenic complexity of the disorder. Familial Alzheimer's disease is a very rare autosomal dominant disease with early onset, caused by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein and presenilin genes, both linked to Aβ metabolism. By contrast with familial disease, sporadic Alzheimer's disease is very common with more than 15 million people affected worldwide. The cause of the sporadic form of the disease is unknown, probably because the disease is heterogeneous, caused by ageing in concert with a complex interaction of both genetic and environmental risk factors. This seminar reviews the key aspects of the disease, including epidemiology, genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as recent developments and controversies. 100 years ago, Alois Alzheimer gave a lecture at a congress in Tubingen, Germany, on the first case of the disease that Kraepelin some years later named Alzheimer's disease.1 In this single case. Alzheimer described typical clinical characteristics with memory disturbances and instrumental signs, and the neuropathological picture with miliary bodies (plaques) and dense bundles of fibrils (tangles), which we today...

Words: 7059 - Pages: 29

Premium Essay

Student

...i GOVERNMENT OF UGANDA Ministry of Health HEALTH SECTOR STRATEGIC PLAN III 2010/11-2014/15 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD BY MINISTER OF HEALTH .......................................................................................... IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................... V LIST OF ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................. VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ IX 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 CONTEXT AND RATIONALE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE HSSP III ..................................................................... 1 1.2 DEVELOPMENT PROCESS FOR THE HSSP III ............................................................................................................ 1 2. BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 SECTOR ORGANISATION, FUNCTION AND MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................... 2 2.1.1 The Ministry of Health and national level institutions .........................................................

Words: 50378 - Pages: 202

Premium Essay

Singapore Healthcare Report

...Q3 2010 www.businessmonitor.com siNGapore pharmaceuticals & healthcare report INCLUDES 10-YEAR FORECASTS TO 2019 issN 1748-216X published by Business monitor international ltd. SINGAPORE PHARMACEUTICALS & HEALTHCARE REPORT Q3 2010 INCLUDING 5-YEAR AND 10-YEAR INDUSTRY FORECASTS BY BMI Part of BMI’s Industry Report & Forecasts Series Published by: Business Monitor International Copy deadline: June 2010 Business Monitor International Mermaid House, 2 Puddle Dock, London, EC4V 3DS, UK Tel: +44 (0) 20 7248 0468 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7248 0467 Email: subs@businessmonitor.com Web: http://www.businessmonitor.com © 2010 Business Monitor International. All rights reserved. All information contained in this publication is copyrighted in the name of Business Monitor International, and as such no part of this publication may be reproduced, repackaged, redistributed, resold in whole or in any part, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or by information storage or retrieval, or by any other means, without the express written consent of the publisher. DISCLAIMER All information contained in this publication has been researched and compiled from sources believed to be accurate and reliable at the time of publishing. However, in view of the natural scope for human and/or mechanical error, either at source or during production, Business Monitor International accepts no...

Words: 29653 - Pages: 119

Premium Essay

Analysis of Service Quality

...1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Industry Overview The health care industry, or medical industry, is an aggregation of sectors within the economic system that provides goods and services to treat patients with curative, preventive, rehabilitative, and palliative care. Health economy is another term used to describe this field. It includes the generation and commercialization of goods and services lending themselves to maintaining and re-establishing health. The modern health care industry is divided into many sectors and depends on interdisciplinary teams of trained professionals and paraprofessionals to meet health needs of individuals and populations. The health care industry is one of the world's largest and fastest-growing industries. Consuming over 10 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) of most developed nations, health care can form an enormous part of a country's economy. For purpose of finance and management, the health care industry is typically divided into several areas. As a basic framework for defining the sector, the United Nations International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) categorizes the health care industry as generally consisting of: 1. Hospital activities 2. Medical and dental practice activities 3. "Other human health activities". This third class involves activities of, or under the supervision of, nurses, midwives, physiotherapists, scientific or diagnostic laboratories, pathology clinics, residential health facilities, or other allied...

Words: 10388 - Pages: 42

Premium Essay

Mercar

...Industry Snapshot The Indian pharmaceutical industry is highly dynamic and offers great opportunities for both domestic and foreign companies. The industry is estimated to have generated revenue worth US$ 13.1 billion in FY 2011, according to a new Research and Market’s report, “Indian Pharma Sector Forecast 2014.” India will emerge as a leading global player in pharmaceutical industry by 2020, securing a place among the top five major global markets, according to Ikon Marketing Consultant (IMC). Also, Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry (Assocham) has said it expects the Indian pharmaceutical industry to reach US$ 20 billion by 2015, making it one of the world's top 10 pharmaceuticals markets. India has a strong local manufacturing base and domestic players are developing substantial international presence. Healthcare is also one of the largest service sector industries in India, in terms of revenue and employment. Rising health awareness and increasing government expenditure on healthcare sector is driving growth in the sector. Medical tourism and health insurance are also on a rise, with significant growth in healthcare sector and establishment of large number of hospitals, both public and private. The Indian healthcare industry, estimated at US$ 50 billion, is expected to reach over US$ 75 billion by 2012, and US$ 100 billion by 2015. Talent Challenges While specialised talent is critical for any knowledge industry, it is more so within the pharmaceuticals industry...

Words: 6445 - Pages: 26

Premium Essay

Managing Change

... Introduction Part 1 The literature on change management Part 2 Tools, models and approaches: a selective review 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Where does the literature come from? What kind of evidence does it provide? What is meant by ‘change’? Organisational change in the NHS 12 13 14 18 2.1 How to access the models 2.2 How can we understand complexity, interdependence and fragmentation? Weisbord’s Six-Box Organisational Model 7S Model PESTELI Five Whys Content, Context and Process Model Soft Systems Methodology Process modelling Process flow Influence diagram Theory of Constraints (TOC) 22 25 25 27 29 30 32 34 36 37 38 39 40 40 42 43 45 46 47 48 48 50 54 54 55 56 56 58 2.3 Why do we need to change? SWOT analysis 2.4 Who and what can change? Force field analysis ‘Sources and potency of forces’ ‘Readiness and capability’ Commitment, enrolment and compliance Organisation-level change interventions Total Quality Management (TQM) Business Process Reengineering (BPR) Group-level change interventions Parallel learning structures Self-managed teams Individual-level change interventions Innovation research Securing individual behaviour change Managing Change in the NHS 2.5 How can we make change happen? Organisational development (OD) Organisational learning and the Learning Organisation Action research Project management 60 60 63 66 68 Part 3 Reflections on evidence 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Assistance with using available evidence Developing an evidence base...

Words: 33529 - Pages: 135

Premium Essay

Quality Improvement in Health Care in Belize

...Inter-American Development Bank Social Protection and Health Division (SCL/SPH) TECHNICAL NOTE Quality Improvement of Health Care in Belize: Focusing on Results Ian Mac Arthur Jennifer Nelson Martha Woodye No. IDB-TN-661 May 2014 Quality Improvement of Health Care in Belize: Focusing on Results Ian Mac Arthur Jennifer Nelson Martha Woodye Inter-American Development Bank 2014 Cataloging-in-Publication data provided by the Inter-American Development Bank Felipe Herrera Library Mac Arthur, Ian. Quality improvement of health care in Belize: focusing on results / Ian Mac Arthur, Jennifer Nelson, Martha Woodye. p. cm. — (IDB Technical Note ; 661) Includes bibliographic references. 1. Health services administration—Belize. 2. Public health administration—Belize. I. Nelson, Jennifer. II. Woodye, Martha. III. Inter-American Development Bank. Social Protection and Health Division. IV. Title. V. Series. IDB-TN-661 http://www.iadb.org The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Inter-American Development Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries they represent. The unauthorized commercial use of Bank documents is prohibited and may be punishable under the Bank's policies and/or applicable laws. Copyright © 2014 Inter-American Development Bank. All rights reserved; may be freely reproduced for any non-commercial purpose. Ian Mac Arthur, ianm@iadb.org Quality Improvement of Health Care in Belize:...

Words: 14059 - Pages: 57

Free Essay

Analysis

...IMS Market Prognosis 2009-2013 EUROPE RUSSIA © 2009 IMS Health Incorporated or its affiliates. All rights reserved. IMS HEALTH 7 Harewood Avenue London NW1 6JB, UK Tel: +44 (0)20 3075 5888, Fax: +44 (0)20 3075 5999 service@imshealth.com http://www.imshealth.com The Information Service contained herein is confidential and provided subject to the IMS Health Information Services Standard Terms and Conditions. This Information Service is provided to the client on a personal basis under a non-exclusive and non-transferable licence for the Client’s own direct benefit and use only, and may not be copied or divulged to any other party. Whilst every possible care has been taken in the preparation of this information, the publishers do not hold themselves responsible for any expressions of opinion or error or omission, or any action resulting therefrom. © 2009 IMS Health Incorporated or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Published: June 2009 IMS Market Prognosis Europe 2009-2013 Russia 2009 Table of Contents MARKET SYNOPSIS ....................................................................................................6 FORECAST SUMMARY .................................................................................................8 MARKET FORECAST ...................................................................................................................................... 8 THERAPEUTIC CLASS FORECASTS ........................................

Words: 40871 - Pages: 164

Premium Essay

Geography Help

...GEOG 1 Essays (15 marks) Exam date | Rivers | Coasts | Population | Health | Specimen | Describe and explain the development of meanders. | With reference to one or more case study of coastal management, discuss whether the benefits outweigh the costs. | With reference to a named country, evaluate attempts to manage population change.Name of country: | Discuss how the United Kingdom’s changing population structure is likely to affect employment in the health and care services over the next 25 years or so. | June 09 | Describe and explain the formation of landforms resulting from rejuvenation. | With specific reference to a case study of coastal erosion, assess the relative importance of its physical and socio-economic consequences. | Outline and comment on the economic and political consequences of populationchange | Describe and suggest reasons for regional variations in morbidity in the UK. | Jan 10 | Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of hard engineering as a floodmanagement strategy | Explain the causes of sea level change and the formation of resultant coastal landforms. | For any two of the following types of area, summarise the contrasts between themand explain the implications of these contrasts for social welfare: * inner city * suburban * rural–urban fringe * rural settlement.Chosen areas: | Discuss the impact of obesity on people’s health and the strategies adopted to care for people with obesity | June 10 | Compare and comment on the economic...

Words: 8537 - Pages: 35