...Exp # 7 Impact of Jet Objectives : • Study the relation between the force produced and the change of momentum when a jet strikes a vane. • Compare between force exerted by a jet on a flat plate and on a hemispherical surface. Abstract The deflectors used in this experiment can be categorised into three geometries. Flat, hemisphere and Vane deflectors are used for this experiment. Calculated force , Fth and the percentage of error will be calculated in this experiment. Theory : Let the mass flow rate in the jet be m . Imagine a control volume V, bounded by a control surface S which encloses the vane as shown. The velocity with which the jet enters the control volume is u1, in the x-direction. The jet is deflected by its impingement on the vane, so that it leaves the control volume with velocity u2, inclined at an angle β2 to the x-direction. Now the pressure over the whole surface of the jet, apart from that part where it flows over the surface of the vane, is atmospheric. Therefore, neglecting the effect of gravity, the changed direction of the jet is due solely the force generated by pressure and shear stress at the vane's surface. If this force on the jet in the direction of x be denoted by Fj , then the momentum equation in the x-direction is : F j = m(u2cos β2 − u1) The force F on the vane is equal and opposite to this, namely Fi = m (u1 − u2 cosβ2 ) For the case of a flat plate, β2 = 90°, so that cos β2 = 0. It follows that Fi = m * u1 ...
Words: 1698 - Pages: 7
...beginnings, was ridiculed by fellow students who saw the ragged clothes and unrefined “country” manners as ill-suited for middle-class African-American society (Wilson II, 2010). John Harold Johnson was snubbed by advertisers when he founded Johnson Publishing Company, Inc. (JPC) in 1942 with a dream and a $500 loan on his mother's furniture which is the largest African-American owned and operated publishing company (Murrill, 2007). His magazines would include positive presentations and examples of African American life in the United States, leaving negative representations to others. JPC is headquartered in Chicago but has a global reach with offices in New York, DC, London and Paris. It is the home of Ebony founded in November 1945 and Jet magazines November 1951, as well as Fashion Fair Cosmetics founded in 1973, Ebony Fashion Fair founded in 1958, and the Johnson Publishing Company Book Division. Linda Johnson Rice, daughter of founder John H. Johnson, operates as president and CEO of the company (Miller, 2009). John H. Johnson is a leader and a manager. Leadership is the process of developing ideas and a vision, living by values that support those ideas and that vision, influencing others to embrace them in their own behaviors, and making hard decisions about human and other resources (Hellriegel & Slocum, 20011). No company on the be 100s has demonstrated more consistent performance than Johnson Publishing Co. (JPC), which is celebrating its 60th year as the world's No...
Words: 549 - Pages: 3
...Emmett Louis Till was to African Americans what the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was to Americans in December 1941, or the attack of 9/11 to Americans of our own day. We therefore take refuge in telling you what happened only because why it happened is too difficult to handle, so irrational as to be incomprehensible. Emmett Louis Till was a fourteen-year-old African American born July 25, 1941 on the south side of Chicago, Ill. He was murdered by Roy Bryant and his half brother, John W. Milam, in Money, Mississippi on August 28, 1955 for "Wolf Whistling" at Carolyn Bryant, wife of Roy Bryant. Against the advice of A.A. Rayner, Emmett's mother insisted on an open casket funeral. More than 50 thousand people passed the open coffin. When Jet Magazine published a picture of the disfigured corpse of Emmett Till, millions across the world read about the lynching of the fourteen-year-old Emmett Till. Newspapers across the world carried the story. Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam were acquitted for the murder of Emmett Till. An all white-male jury took less than an hour to find the two men not guilty. Had they not taken a soda break, their deliberations would not have taken an hour, said one of the jurors. In spite of the fact that the two admitted taking Emmett Till from his great-uncle's cabin, the two men were later acquitted of kidnapping charges. The highlights of the...
Words: 352 - Pages: 2
...Equity Research June 16, 2016 BSE Sensex: 26726 INDIA Aviation Flying high amid good times Reason for Report: Sector thematic and initiating coverage InterGlobe Aviation (Rs1,011 – BUY) Target price Rs1,268 SpiceJet (Rs66 – HOLD) Target price Rs64 Jet Airways (Rs561 – ADD) Target price Rs621 Research Analysts: Ansuman Deb ansuman.deb@icicisecurities.com +91 22 6637 7312 India’s aviation sector is set to undergo a strong growth period, which should benefit all the incumbent players, particularly on a benign crude price outlook. Our supply-demand model for domestic air traffic implies 14% growth in passengers as evidenced from firm aircraft orders and latest delivery schedules. With yield management becoming the singular strategy lever for Indian Low-Cost Carriers (LCCs), cost structures assume high importance and structural asymmetries will decide the competitive edge for the airlines. However, much of these asymmetries in cost structure are inherited from the fleet strategy adopted by various airlines, hence normally have a long-lasting impact on their balance sheets. High operating leverage proves fatal in a cyclical downturn where balance sheet strength is vital. At the comfort of hindsight, bulk orders have benefitted IndiGo with valuable incentives, which have given it the structural advantage of lower rentals, while single fleet focus and strong balance sheet have lent IndiGo asymmetrical advantages on maintenance costs, redelivery expenses and supplementary rentals...
Words: 62927 - Pages: 252
...SCENARIO 1. The civil aviation traffic has seen an unprecedented traffic in the past few years on account of booming Indian economy, growing tourism industry, entry of low cost carriers in the private sector, liberalization of international bi-lateral agreements and liberalization of civil aviation policy. In future also the civil aviation traffic is expected to grow at the same pace despite current slowdown due to global recession. But airport infrastructure has not kept pace with the growth of the civil aviation traffic. This has resulted in congestion and inefficient services in major airports, limited landing slots, inadequate parking bays and congestion during peak hours for airlines. Development of quality infrastructure will have an impact on international competitiveness and economic growth. This requires faster development of civil aviation infrastructure on public private partnership mode. In tune with the requirement many initiatives have already been started in the 10th five year plan and they are expected to continue in the 11th plan also. 2. Of a total number of 454 airports and airstrips in India, 16 are designated as international airports. The Airports Authority of India (AAI) owns and operates 97 airports. A recent report by Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation (CAPA) states that over the next 12 years, India's Civil Aviation Ministry aims at 500 operational airports. The Government aims to attract private investment in aviation infrastructure. India has been witnessing...
Words: 8691 - Pages: 35
...Policies A policy is a broad guideline for decision making that links the formulation of a strategy with its implementation. Companies use policies to make sure that employees throughout the firm make decisions and take actions that support the corporation’s mission, objectives, and strate- gies. For example, when Cisco decided on a strategy of growth through acquisitions, it estab- lished a policy to consider only companies with no more than 75 employees, 75% of whom were engineers.67 Consider the following company policies: 3M: 3M says researchers should spend 15% of their time working on something other than their primary project. (This supports 3M’s strong product development strategy.) Intel: Intel cannibalizes its own product line (undercuts the sales of its current products) with better products before a competitor does so. (This supports Intel’s objective of mar- ket leadership.) General Electric: GE must be number one or two wherever it competes. (This supports GE’s objective to be number one in market capitalization.) Southwest Airlines: Southwest offers no meals or reserved seating on airplanes. (This supports Southwest’s competitive strategy of having the lowest costs in the industry.) Exxon: Exxon pursues only projects that will be profitable even when the price of oil drops to a low level. (This supports Exxon’s profitability objective.) Policies such as these provide clear guidance to managers throughout the organization. (Strategy formulation is discussed...
Words: 961 - Pages: 4
...telecommunications and transportation has had major impacts on the globalization of markets and on production. The major rise of the Internet and the World Wide Web has directly impacted these technological advances. The development of microprocessors has also been a large factor. The growth of low-cost but high-powered computing has boosted the amount of information that can be processed by firms and individuals. Advances in telecommunication technology are a direct result of the microprocessor. Massive amounts of data and information are encoded, transmitted and decoded by microprocessors powering the telecommunications technology. Microprocessors have consistently dropped in prices as their processing power increases. This phenomenon between the relationships of cost versus power of microprocessors is known as Moore’s law. As Moore’s Law continues, the cost of global communications falls drastically. The lowered cost of communications and the ability for buyers and sellers to find each other online reduces the barriers such as location, time zones and scale. This allows businesses and individuals to have a global presence and control and coordinate their globally dispersed production systems. Major innovations have occurred in transpiration technology as well as telecommunications. Innovations such as commercial jet aircraft, containerization and super-freighters have shrunk the cost of transportation and the time to deliver product. Commercial jet aircraft has reduced the amount of time...
Words: 315 - Pages: 2
...defining exactly what an airplane is and how they work. An airplane is a powered, fixed-wing vessel that travels through the air (Airplane, n.d.). The airplane has wings that provide the force of lift in order for the airplane to overcome the force of gravity and climb off the ground and stay airborne. In order for the wings to do their job of providing lift, the airplane must be propelled forward so that the wings can get sufficient airflow to generate the necessary force and overcome the force of drag. The propulsion methods usually employed are through use of engine driven propellers or jet engines. These provide the force of thrust to move the aircraft forward. Many variations exist as to the configuration of these methods to generate propulsion. Some common configurations are propellers in a forward pull location, a rearward push location, wing mounted, or a push-pull arrangement. Jet engines are typically mounted either on the wings or aft on the fuselage of the...
Words: 1726 - Pages: 7
...Porter Airlines Critique Assignment 1. A comfortable and safe passenger jet is the basement of excellent customer service. If Porter raises the bar of customer service, Bombardier will have to react (i.e. modify or upgrade aircrafts) to meet Porter’s demand. But airline industry is highly competitive and has relatively low margin, while the cost to improve customer service can be rather high. Even if Bombardier can react fast enough to meet the ever-changing demand from airlines, how does it negotiate the high cost associated with R&D with airlines? Bombardier must consider the cost and benefit before accepting airlines’ offer. Another issue become more salient as Bombardier is losing its supplier power. Its performance on stock market is unsatisfying, and it desperately needs more support and orders from airlines (Van Praet, 2015). Therefore Bombardier’s reliance on Porter grows bigger, undermining its bargaining power when making offers with airlines. On the other hand, to compete with Air Canada and Westjet, Porter is considering to expand its destinations, that is, to include in more long-haul routes to attract customers (Owram, 2015). Although Bombardier C-series has the capacity to meet Porter’s expansion plan for now, it’s hard to say whether Bombardier has the capability to meet Porter’s expansion in the long run. By then Porter can turn to Boeing or Airbus for more advanced long-haul airplanes. Consequently, Bombardier’s poor performance and Porter’s growing...
Words: 1299 - Pages: 6
...and that information technology has now become a key component of a corporation’s global business strategy.With the development of science and technology and increase of income level, industrial structures of all the countries have been also undergoing readjustment and upgrading. In recent years, developed countries in the west are gradually entering the era of knowledge economy and have started to shift to developing countries many labor-intensive industries of weak international competitiveness. This process of cross-country shift is pushing forward an in-depth development of economic globalization Technology shaped and set the foundation for modern globalization like innovations in the transportation technology such as commercial jet aircraft and the concept of containerization in the late 1970s and 1980s. Inventions of microprocessors and telecommunications enabled highly effective computing and communication at a low-cost level. Finally the rapid growth of the Internet is the latest technological driver that created global e-business and e-commerce. internet access and some of the fastest broadband networks in the...
Words: 265 - Pages: 2
...1 Hughie E. Butler COMM/105 September 24, 2012 2 On December 17, 1903 Orville Wright took the first sustained flight of a machine. This feat started the race what is todays Aviation world. In todays world of Aviation, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Stealth Fighters and massive cargo and airline jets are a thing of the norm. Being a part of the Aviation world, I have seen many variations of all the above. From single seat T-38 Trainer Jets to the Airbus 480, they come in all sizes in shapes with one thing in common, powered flight. Thrust is the essential component for the air vehicle to leave the hold of gravity closest to the Earth. Gravity is equal to 9.8 meters/second. This means that the center of an object in relativity to the center of the Earth has a force equal to 9.8 meters of force. As you move further away from Earths center or, Gravitational Pull, the force becomes lesser. For instance, at 1000KM above the surface you force becomes 7.33 m/s and at 5000KM force is 5.68 m/s. A jet engines thrust is what forces the mass or Air Vehicle away from the earths surface causing the effect of “lift off”. Thats just the tip of the iceberg. Flight characteristics is what keeps an air vehicle in “sustained flight”. Lift, pitch, yaw, and roll are the key factors within these characteristics. Newtons third law states that forces always come in equal and opposite pairs. When the...
Words: 653 - Pages: 3
...The Generation of Electricity Redbud (A combination plant) The Generation of Electricity Redbud (A combination plant) The Redbud Plant Driving up to the plant was remarkable in that the plant occupied so much space that it was practically inconceivable that I had never seen it before. The sheer amount of steam pouring off the cooling towers provided an easily seen waymark upon the approach to the plant and from a distance it appeared to be a manufacturer facility for clouds. Upon the drive up, security was quickly notated as they requested my ID and provided me a pre-printed name tag indicating that our presence had already been vetted and accounted for. Key note, it was very very cold outside. I’m curious whether the steam generation would have been as spectacular from a viewing perspective if it had been a lot warmer outside. That being said, they quickly split us up into groups and we had the great fortune of both going inside (mmm warmth) and we got to learn about the integral pieces of what we were about to see which gave us some perspective on what we’d observe. In this case we were observing a combination cycle power plant which combines the Rankine (steam) power cycle with a Brayton (gas turbine) cycle. In order to combine these two processes, the combustion gases from the Brayton cycle are actually funneled into a Rankine cycle system. The efficiency gains of the combination were compared and in their presentation they notated that a steam power plant users...
Words: 1005 - Pages: 5
...DEAR WIKIPEDIA READERS: You’re probably busy, so we’ll get right to it. This week we ask our readers to help us. To protect our independence, we'll never run ads. We survive on donations averaging about $15. Now is the time we ask. If everyone reading this right now gave $3, our fundraiser would be done within an hour. Yep, that’s about the price of buying a programmer a coffee. We’re a small non-profit with costs of a top website: servers, staff and programs. Wikipedia is something special. It is like a library or a public park, a temple for the mind where we can all go to think and learn. When we founded Wikipedia, we could have made it a for-profit company with advertising banners, but we decided to do something different. Commerce is fine. Advertising is not evil. But it doesn’t belong here. If Wikipedia is useful to you, take one minute to keep it online and ad-free another year. Thank you. If we all gave $3, the fundraiser would be over within an hour. One-time Monthly* $3 $5 $10 $20 $30 $50 $100 Other $ Credit Card PayPal Amazon Problems donating? | Other ways to give | Frequently asked questions | By donating, you are agreeing to our donor privacy policy. The Wikimedia Foundation is a nonprofit, tax-exempt organization. *Recurring payments will be debited by the Wikimedia Foundation until you notify us to stop. We'll send you an email receipt for each payment, which will include...
Words: 2577 - Pages: 11
...How Jet Engines Work and Produce Thrust Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Basic Components of a Jet Engine 4 2.2 Compressor 4 2.3 Combustor 5 2.4 Turbine 5 2.5 Exhaust Duct/Nozzle 5 4.0 Creation of Thrust in a Turbojet Engine 7 5.0 Conclusion 9 6.0 References 10 1.0 Introduction According to Hunecke (1997), jet engines, also known as gas turbine engines, are the most widespread and most efficient method used for airplane propulsion currently. The Jet engine uses basic principles and concepts of motion but applying it using a combination of complex mechanical systems to achieve thrust. There are many types of jet engines; however, this paper will concentrate on the Turbojet Engine to explain the workings of the jet engine to achieve thrust and propulsion. 1.1 How the turbojet Engine Works Turbojet Engines apply Newton’s Third Law of Motion that states, “For every motion there is an equal and opposite reaction” (Hünecke, 1997, p. 4). Simply, when a burnt mixture is ejected backwards from an engine, a forward force is generated on the engine and thus on the aircraft. The bigger the backward force the bigger the forward force (reaction force). Thrust is created when the burnt mixture pushed out the back is ejected at higher velocity than that of the air being sucked in. (Hünecke, 1997, p. 4) The engine’s fans suck air in at the front. A compressor, made up of fans with many blades and attached to the shaft, elevates the pressure of the air...
Words: 1759 - Pages: 8
...General Electric uses a multifaceted approach to help make them one of the industries leaders in engine production. This approach includes resources both financially and managerially. Financially General Electric has invested $50 million in new engine technology, with an additional $1.2 billion to $1.4 billion being required to help them bring new engine designs to the forefront. General Electric has also received a $20 million grant from NASA in order for them to create the first tester UDF engine. General Electric’s Aircraft Engine Business Group (AEBG) manages the production of GE’s engine technology. AEBG has successfully put together a list of resources including Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, and others in an attempt to put their engine group at the front of the market. According to industry segmentation models, General Electric’s AEBG occupies around $4.7 billion in revenue sales. Using the segmentation model it is also clear that AEBG’s profitability is net yearly earnings of $381 thousand. In order to develop a good product, AEBG spends a lot of time making sure that the area of research and development is given close attention. AEBG invested 20% of its total revenue in company funded research and development, which is a high amount, even in the high technology sector of aircraft engines. To properly develop the new UDF engine, General Electric will have to spend $1.2 billion to $1.5 billion. This is after an initial investment of $50 million. General Electric will be able...
Words: 1333 - Pages: 6
