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Impact of Chronic Medical Condition on Adolescent

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HLSC 111 essay 2 (b)
Discuss the impact of chronic medical condition on adolescent (12-18 years old) and identify ways of promoting resilience or positive development
Essay draft
Introduction- 4 sentences. Include one scholarly related articles/ something
Body AT LEAST 1 scholar source per paragraph: * Paragraph one- introduces chronic medical illness- 3 examples. Meaning from Mosby’s dictionary or something * Paragraph two- Impacts of chronic conditions on their quality of life * Paragraph three- How chronic conditions affect families, friends and people around you * Paragraph four- Ways in which adolescents can cope with these situations * Paragraph five- external accessible factors that could improve a patient’s resilience
Conclusion- about 5 sentences.

Introduction
Chronic condition is defined as prolonged health conditions that are incurable or otherwise stays with a person for a long time (over 6 months, according to Australia Bureau of Statistics http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/4B4499E66C702262CA2572360002BF7F?opendocument). Living with chronic conditions in adolescent stage can prove to be a difficult time, leading to impacts including psychological and social consequences (Olsson & Toumbourou, 1996). For this reason, the greatest challenge these adolescents faces is building self-resilience to cope with their chronic illnesses. Thus we will discuss the impacts of chronic medical conditions on adolescents and identify ways in which they could develop resilience and develop in a positive way.
Chronic condition includes a wide range of diseases differing significantly from one to another in terms of cause, treatment, symptoms, and effects (Chronic Illness. (2011). In Encyclopedia of Nursing Research. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/spennurres/chronic_illness) on not only the person’s quality of life, but also family and friends who are involved. Some chronic conditions are present at birth, while others develop at a later stage during infancy or childhood. Common chronic conditions include asthma, high blood pressure and diabetes, while less common ones include cerebral palsy (disability associated with movement and and multiple sclerosis (disease of the central nervous centre with various symptoms). Although it is more common among older adults, questionnaires taken among in-school adolescents found that around 10% of adolescent suffer a chronic condition. (http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/5/484.full.pdf+html
Though it depends on the type and severity, chronic conditions are very likely to lead to various complications which may hinder a good quality of life. Quality of life, defined as the person’s overall satisfaction of health and wellbeing, includes physical, psychosocial and emotional health, thus sometimes associated with the term ‘standard of living’. Almost all chronic illness have physical consequences, except for certain few such as depression and anxiety, which are more related to the health of the mind. Presence of physical pain often inflicts limitations, such as less mobility and flexibility, allowing pain minimisation. Although pain varies with type of illness, generally the person feels fatigued and weak, reducing their quality of life. While some illness, such as diabetes and asthma, affects little of the person’s normal daily routine (providing medications are taken appropriately and regularly), those with a more serious and life-threatening condition such as cancer may be robbed off the ability to do certain activities such as rigorous sport. This is highly evident in patients who are almost solely dependent on the use of wheelchair. Yet the biggest impact of chronic illness lies in the sufferer’s psychosocial paradigm. An article review from National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine states that those who acquire chronic illness during their adolescent stage are at high risk of developing psychiatric and behaviour problem caused by depression or low self-esteem. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1719685/pdf/v089p00938.pdf)
(http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/9619/11259516.pdf). PSYCHOSOCIAL (http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241595704_eng.pdf) OTHER (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1719685/pdf/v089p00938.pdf)
Chronic conditions also extends its’ impact to the sufferer’s surrounding, including family and friends. The presence of a chronic condition in adolescent imposes an increased burden on the parents as their condition demands more attention from people of close proximities. In addition, the recurring effect of chronic disease, accompanied by treatment regimes mean that school attendance and education performance of the adolescent might be affected. ACCORDING TO (http://books.google.com.au/books?id=JK89MOlL2qAC&dq=do+adolescents+with+chronic+illness+miss+out+on+school&source=gbs_navlinks_s),adolescents with chronic illness do miss a lot of school and in some cases are unable to attend at all. As a consequence, a lot of these teenagers would have to repeat school years, resulting in insecurities, low self-esteem and at times, loss of friends. Furthermore, parents who are overprotective may choose to sacrifice work to look after their sick children, leading to additional economic restraint caused by cost of medications or treatment. Some chronic illness could also lead to discrimination, such as HIV/AIDS. Despite the wider community being informed that the disease is not transmitted by simple physical contact, stigma and discrimination continues with an increasing number of countries reporting discrimination against people living with HIV (de Bruyn, 2002[de Bruyn, T. (2002). HIV-related stigma and discrimination—the epidemic continues. Canadian HIV/AIDS Policy & Law Review, 7(1), 8–14.]).
With many impacts that come with suffering from chronic condition, an adolescent must learnt how to cope, as chronic condition may cause significant stress. Coping defined by (Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. ) as the process of contending with life difficulties in an effort to overcome or work through them, is important in order to prevent built up of stress which could ultimately lead to depression. In contrast to automatic stress response that involves involuntary thought and bodily behaviour process, coping response are controlled and is a response that people do on purpose (voluntary) to manage and adapt to stress. Research states that in order to battle stress, one must identify the stressor, which varies with each type of chronic disease. a recent study by Rodriguez et al. (2011, in press) (Rodriguez EM, Dunn MJ, Zuckerman T, Vannatta K, Gerhardt CA, Compas BE. Cancer-related sources of stress for children with cancer and their parents. J Ped Psych in press. [PMC free article][PubMed]) identifies Daily role stressors as missing school days or falling behind in school work, not being able to do the things he/she used to do, having to go to hospital or clinic visits, concerns about family and friends. This calls for ways in which adolescents may cope with their illnesses.
Coping strategies differ from one complication to another. In (http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsweek/10_steps_for_coping_with_a_chronic_condition.htm) It is encouraged that when dealing with chronic condition, the person does not try to isolate him/herself but rather reach out to family and friends, or consult a physician or a therapist for referral to support groups. He/she should contact their doctors if they suspect that the medication they are taking is causing them to be depressed. If the person is depressed, they shouldn’t wait to seek the help of a couselor. A person should, as much as possible, engage him/herself in hobbies and things that they enjoy doing. Furthermore, the person is encouraged to seek knowledge, as it helps get rid of fear and anxiety. Lastly, the person should try to maintain a normal lifestyle and daily routine, and to take care of themselves by eating right and sleeping well.

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3319320/)

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