...warfare) Islam and prohibition of Terrorism 1. Meaning of word ISLAM: derived from word “Salam” meaning: peace 2.Quranic Verses 3.Ahadith 4.Examples from Islamic History 5. Misunderstaing of Islam • False media projection 6.How to remove false misperception • Mass awareness • Reconstructing OIC Terrorism past & Present Scenario 1. Terrorism as a Religious Imperative 2. Trends in Terrorism 3. The Future Terrorist Threat Pakistan’s role in the war on Terror 1. Wazirastan 2. Actions 3. Effect of Pakistan role in war • On international level • Within Pakistan • Western involvement in terrorism in Pakistan 4. Future concern Causes of Terrorism 1. Social and political injustice 2. Psychological Causes of Terrorism, Violence and Extremism 3. Educational Causes of Terrorism and Extremism 4. Rapid modernization and urbanization 5. Discrimination on the basis of ethnic or religious 6. Repression by foreign occupation or colonial powers 7. Historical antecedents of political violence 8. Poverty & Economic deprivation 9. Undemocratic Governments 10. Free flow of weapons 11. Indoctrination 12. Hopelessness 13. Charities that Aren't Charities/ Business Terrorism 14. Training of non-military personnel Effects of Terrorism 1. Political Instability 2. Psychological problems 3. Social problem 4. Poverty 5. Unemployment 6. Backwardness & Illiteracy 7. Lack of Social Safety Network 8. Inflation 9. Economical Drop down • Direct economic impact of terrorist...
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...POS 322 QUESTION 1 DISCUSS THE ESSENCE OF POLITICAL THOUGHT Solution In discussing the essence of political thought, we need to first ask the question, what is political thought? Political thought though has several meaning in application, is most referred to as that body of thinking, idea, reason that has examined issues and events and phenomenon relating to politics at large. It is the intellect one’s philosophical expression of one political part, that expresses itself. A person political thought is that which expresses itself through its interaction with others, and is often difficult to separate political thought from other thought like, economic, social, religious, jurisprudence, emotional and among others. Since it is made up of idea that involves politics, and has passed through from one generation to another. Its automatically made everyone in the society to be a potential contributor to political thought. Invariably since one had an idea on politics and share thought about what he thinks, like or dislike, its already playing or practicing politics and political process (which express the process of practicing politics). In order word, political thought is neither archaic nor restricted to professional philosophers who are terms as major thinker of political thought. Since we have body of idea of political thought, however is to simply imply that there might be other body which are not political thought which include (economic, psychological...
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...ascended the throne in 1312 and ultimately revived Mali. He was well known for stimulating Mali in many different ways. Before Mansa Musa’s accession to the throne, Mali was in a period of political instability. He ruled for approximately twenty-five years, which brought wealth and consistency to Mali. This ultimately expanded the empire. Mansa Musa gave away so many gifts of gold that the value of gold fell and did not recover for about twelve years. Although he spent his money generously, he did a lot to strengthen the economy of Mali. This included establishing communications with certain areas, strengthening trade, encouraging new eating habits, and promoting a sense of unity. To strengthen trade in Mali, Mansa Musa created strategic bonds with Morocco and Egypt. Both of these places were important because of their locations along trade routes. By communication with these areas, he solidified these trade routes. Timbuktu also became an important part of the trans-Saharan trade, as well. He also encouraged new eating habits to increase food sources. One example is the unconventional eating of crocodiles. Mansa Musa promoted a sense of unity by encouraging the knowledge of Islam. One of the major aspects of Mansa Musa’s rule was his lavish hajj to Mecca in 1324. This pilgrimage promoted Islam, which strengthened and encouraged education through the Quran. Upon his return, Mansa Musa brought with him architects that redesigned and built new mosques. The development of these mosques...
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...Islamic Impact on Modern Society Islam, next to Christianity, is the largest spread religion in the world as 1.62 billion people, which means approximately twenty-three percent of the world’s population are Muslims. These are the people who follow the religion Islam, the reason why the two most prominent cultures in the world today are the Islamic culture and the Western culture. In the modern times, Islamic culture is perceived to be in a state of turmoil as it conflicts with the now more widespread western culture. In its true essence, Islam promotes amity, justice, and harmony and is a peaceful religion. Yet, it’s regarded as a religion that promotes extremism. Globally, Muslims are reckoned as the people who spread terror, are narrow minded, reject modernity, and have a third world ideology. This negative stereotype has been projected on a large-scale through the modern media. However, any individual is as capable as any Muslim to commit an unthinkable act in the name of nationalism, humanism or an imagined idol. The major political impact this mindset has created are the numerous wars waging around the whole world particularly against Muslims such as in Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan etc, that started with the event of 9/11, in the form of war on terror and has consistently aggravated by each passing year. Such wars have led to a general sense of paranoia among the masses. Every individual is looked upon as a prospective suspect and a feeling of insecurity has engulfed...
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... | |INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA | |COURSE OUTLINE | |Kulliyyah |Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences | |Department |Political Science | |Programme |Bachelor of Human Sciences (Political Science) | |Course Title |Introduction to Political Science | |Course Code |PSCI 1010 | |Status |Core Course | |Level |1 | |Credit Hours |3 ...
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...Constantine converted to the Christian faith many question his sincerity was it real or some type of political stunt. (1) Never or less it proved to be wise move by the Emperor also it marked the end of persecution as they knew it. An expected deliverance from an expected source for deliverance rarely comes the way you expected. The “Edict of Milan” (3)which was a direct order from the emperor in 313 stating that Christianity and other religion will be tolerate also that Sunday would be treated like other pagan feast and those who were martyrs would be honor.(2) The fall of the Western Empire on the Church was highly published and it sent ripples though out the world it shifted the world into the Dark Age politically, economically, and socially.(5) Even though it was predicted and the hand writing was on the wall many were dishearten by it. Before we go further with the impact of the fall we must explore some of the causes the first being the decline of the family area like divorce of marriage as well the divorce of family value and the failure to see the enemy lurking in the shadows. The sexual perversion which is in our nation politics the effect or the impact that the fall had on the Church the Roman culture continue until 1453 and was finally taken over by the Turks and the Mohammed religion. (3) “The bishop of Rome became a primmest person” giving the know church more political muscle. This left the church to educate and Christianize those Barbarian tribes (10) and once more...
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...Islam is a monotheistic religions convention that created in the seventh century C.e. Islam, which actually signifies "surrender" or "accommodation," it was established on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad as a statement of surrender to the will of Allah, the inventor and sustainer of the world. The Quran, the holy content of Islam, contains the teachings of the Prophet that were uncovered to him from Allah. Crucial to Islam is the conviction that Allah is the one and genuine God with no accomplice or equivalent. Islam has a few extensions and much mixture inside those limbs. The two divisions inside the convention are the Sunni and Shi'a, each of which claims diverse method for keeping up religious power. One of the binding together attributes of Islam is the Five Pillars, the essential practices of Islam. These five methods incorporate a custom calling of confidence, custom petition to God, the zakat (philanthropy), fasting and the hajj (a journey to Mecca). Numerous Muslims are described by their dedication to appealing to Allah five times each day. One of the characterizing qualities of Islam is the supremacy of sacrosanct spots including Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem. Muslims accumulate at mosques to love Allah, supplicate, and study scripture. There is not a sharp refinement between the religious and mainstream parts of life in Islam; all parts of a Muslim's life are to be arranged to serve Allah. Islam extended practically promptly past its origin in the Arabian promontory...
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...Uthman and Na'ilah as well as Mu'awiyah and Maisun bint Bahdal. Each of these matches is portrayed by Abbott as somewhat equal or at least a mutual respect between the couples. But as time wore on slowly the ideal Arab wife was being infringed upon by the harems that the elite Umayyads were setting up. Filling their halls with slave women from far off lands, such as Persia. An example of the impact that these women had on the Caliph can be seen during Walid I reign, where although he had eight different free Arab wives only one borne him any children, the rest of his off spring came from his servant girls. This shows that Walid I preferred these foreign women to those of his own Arab decent. Abbott states that with the rise of the Umayyad Empire came a change in the political status of Arab women. Pride and race and other virtues were gradually receding into the background. With the accession of Yazid III dealt the royal Arab women a hard blow since the sons of the harem wives stood up to become the next heir. With this the Arab Islamic women officially became a prisoner with in the political society. In the conclusion of this chapter Abbott blames Arab women as the case for the decline in the status of Muslim women, saying if such wives as Umm al-Hajjaj (Yazid II) had not catered to the harems of their husbands than perhaps the women would have had more control and respect during the Umayyad period. Skipping over the Abbasid period we come to the Mamluk period of the Middle...
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...Differences of Islam Muslims differ significantly in their evaluations of the importance of religion based on the region they are located. There are variations of views on such topics of education, prayer, worshiping and morality found in different regions. In this paper I will argue that many differences that exist between various Islamic communities can be explained by understanding the role of regionally specific political problems and cultural practices outside of the Islamic tradition. Though people around the world practice an allegedly unified Islam, their understandings of the tradition reflect the specific local contexts and circumstances of individuals, communities, and nations. The challenge of western colonialism caused Muslims to be against European imperialism as it threatened their political, religious and cultural identity. Their responses to colonialism varied from rejection and confrontation to admiration and imitation (PP Islam and the West 24). Showing how reactions to westernization can be specific to region. The country Turkey operates one example of a nonviolent revolution. In Turkey, Islam was showing a more dominant position is the social-economic and political life of society. With the acceptance of westernization, Turkey had been able to experience the power of religion in Muslim politics cordially. A little to the East, the Iranian revolution in Iran reinforced the belief that Muslims wanted to emulate the ideas of the west; economic and political power...
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...Religions and Politics (Prof. Mondonga M. Mokoli, Ph.D.) According to the scientific theory of evolution, life on Earth evolved naturally over time. Evolutionary theory was proposed by Charles Darwin in the 19th century and it was affirmed by the 20th century biologists and geneticists. Thus, this theory has achieved scientific consensus as the origin of human humankind. In contrast, supporters of intelligent design believe that all life on the Earth was created deliberately. Intelligent design theory proposes that the overwhelming complexity of the universe suggests a rational, omnipotent designer, be it God, an alien, or some other source. Thus, intelligent design theory was developed as an alternative not only to Darwin’s evolutionism but also to religious creationism which argues that God is the only creator of life, universe and their contents. The Purpose of this Chapter • Our purpose in this chapter is not to show the truth or falsehood of any of these perspectives nor the doctrines of any particular faith. Rather, it is: - To describe the nature of religion and the general character of certain major religions of the past and the present; - To give some attention to the role that religion has played in the development of human societies, that is; o not only to integrate and stabilize them but also, o at times, to create conflicts; - To consider the present-day influence of social change on religion and, - conversely, the influence of religion...
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...Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity Many countries form ideas and rules based on religion that is practiced as a whole by the society of that country. In addition religion continues to affect rules and ideas that is promoted by various cultures. Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity are some of the most popular religions that are used throughout the world. Arabs has made Islamists powerful in Countries like Tunisia, Egypt and Morocco. Religious institutions are a public significance more so now than before. “In the Muslim political imaginary, the khulafa’ al-rashidun represent an idealized moment in history, that of the first four caliphs, the rightly-guided, who came after the prophet Muhammad: Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, Umar Ibn al-Khattab, Uthman Ibn Affan, and Ali Ibn Abi Talib. The period from the death of the prophet in 632 to that of Ali in 661 marks a golden era after which political history is conceived as having degenerated. However, Umar Ibn Abd al-Aziz (717-720) from the Umayyad dynasty is often seen as part of the rightly-guided Caliphs and defines what is often dubbed the “5th caliphate”. He exemplifies the possibility of being a pious and just ruler in times of corruption.” (Zeghal, 2012) The above reference was used by Jebali and was taken out of Islamic past to state about political renewal within an Islamic saying. Representatives of al-Nahda insisted that the reference was symbolic, and did not question al-Nahdha’s commitment to...
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...and Director Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding Georgetown University islamic leviathan Islam and the Making of State Power Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr Islamic Leviathan Islam and the Making of State Power Ú seyyed vali reza nasr 1 2001 3 Oxford Athens Chennai Kolkata Nairobi New York Auckland Bangkok Bogotá Buenos Aires Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Paris São Paul Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated comapnies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 2001 by Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr Published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza, 1960 – Islamic leviathan : Islam and the making of state power / Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr. p. cm.—(Religion and global politics) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-514426-0 1. Malaysia—Politics and government. 2. Islam and politics—Malaysia. 3. Pakistan—Politics and government—1988 – 4. Islam and politics—Pakistan. I. Title. II. Series. DS597.2.N37 2001 322′.1′095491—dc21 00-064968 ...
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...important role in the affecting of the publics view about Islam, the war on terror and the Middle East. The media distorts or manipulates information that is being presented to the public. Creating a distorted view of social reality for the individual viewing. Theobald in his article ‘Mystification in the Media: from ‘Ritual Murder’ to the ‘War on Terrorism’ he offers a powerful discussion about the medias portrayal of Islam, the War on Terrorism and the illusion created by modern journalism. Theobald’s in-depth analysis of the medias treatment of Islam, the war on terror and the representation of Muslims exposes the impact of the media on the comities view. Martin and Phelan’s article ‘Representing Islam in the Wake of September 11: A Comparison of US Television and CNN Online Messageboard Discourses’ uses different techniques in their article to show the reader how two different media examples, television and a CNN messageboard present information headed by the word Islam in the immediate aftermath of September 11. Where Martin and Phelan back their arguments with statistics and hard evidence, Theobald develops his argument through in-depth and detailed analysis of important news coverage. Both articles offer an in-depth insight into the medias representation surrounding the September 11 attacks and the war on terrorism. John Theobald’s discusses the issues of mass communication and the medias portrayal of Islam and the Middle East after the September 11 attacks on America...
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...Chris Stonecipher CCOT 3/2/2012 5th period Between 1000 C.E. and 1750 C.E., Islam had a great impact on Europe, which affected it politically, economically and culturally. Islam brought and took political power to/from the Church and king through the crusades, affected the economy through new innovations, and finally affected Europe’s society and culture through the Renaissance. Islam absolutely affected Europe in both positive and negative ways, but without a doubt changed the whole order of things for the continent. The Crusades started in 1095, once pope Urban II demanded all the nations in Europe to unite for a single cause. Before this point, Europe had never really been completely united due to civil wars and other disuniting conflicts. The Crusades were directed towards more radical Muslims, focusing heavily on the city of Jerusalem. In addition to unifying Europe, the first few Crusades brought extreme power to the pope and consequently the church. However, the later Crusades were less successful which took away power and popularity from the pope. Before the Crusades against Islam, kings had little power; the land was divided among rich aristocrats who had many small armies. However, many of these aristocrats died on battle without leaving an heir, which would entitle their land to the king. These massive gains of land greatly increased the kings’ power. Islam had a huge impact on Europe’s economy. Before the Crusades, Europe’s technology was very primitive...
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...Religion in third world countries and many developed countries is resurging. This has intensified the role of religion in politics. In the United States, the separation of church and state is acceptable. In other countries such as Afghanistan, Iran and other parts of the Muslim world, the two are not separated. Since religion plays a large role in many Muslim countries, the impact that it has on politics is more obvious. Some religions have more power in politics than others. Since most people are Muslim in Muslim countries, religions like Christianity and Buddhism have little effect on politics. Many of the Muslim countries such as Iran, Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan base their political system on the Koran. Countries like Turkey do not base their political system on the Koran. Many fundamentalists of the Muslim faith should not be considered terrorists or people that support terrorists. Many fundamentalists want to just support Islam. Even though many Muslims supported the actions of Osama Bin Laden, many condemned them. Many Muslim fundamentalists have the goal of reviving their faith. Radical Muslim fundamentalists support Jihad (another name for war), against those that want to corrupt their faith. Osama Bin Laden and his followers would be an example of this. Conservative fundamentalists want to protect their religion and keep it from outside influence. However, this is not seen as a war. The Iranian revolution has its roots in an ongoing resistance...
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