...typically on the Internet. This network is usually the Internet or any equivalent technology; but games have always used whatever technology was current: modems before the Internet, and hard wired terminals before modems. One advantage of online games is the ability to connect to multiplayer games in which thousands of people can participate in a shared world and can return to that world day after day to see it grows and changes in response to one’s own actions, although single-player online games are quite common as well. A second advantage of online games is that a great percentage of games do not require payment. Third, that is worth noting, is the availability of a wide variety of games for all types of game players. While it may be true that online games are perceived to have advantages to players, their effect on behavior is worth looking into. As defined by McLeod (2008), human behavior is experienced throughout an individual’s entire lifetime. It includes the way they act based on different factors such as genetics, social norms, core faith or belief, and attitude. Behavior is impacted by certain traits each individual has. The traits vary from person to person and can produce different actions or behavior from each person. Social norms also impact behavior. Humans are expected to follow certain rules in society, which conditions the way people behave. Attitude is another trait that affects behavior is attitude....
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...human behaviors having effects on the natural environment. Principles of science and technology assist with determining how environmental problems occur and also assist with generating solutions to minimize problems from arising. The concept of environmental sustainability surrounds itself with sustainable and unsustainable human interactions dealing with the environment, each of which have affected and also affects natural resources both past and present. Environmental Science Environmental science is an interdisciplinary study that focuses on the manner in which humans interact with the environment. The study also focuses on combining information from many other disciplines to include biology, chemistry, and economics as it is concerned with conditions that may have an effect on the environment and also organisms living within the environment. In addition, environmental science attempts to establish necessary principles that outline and determine how the natural world functions. These principles are used to create practical solutions to issues impacting the environment. Problems concerning the environment are typically very complex hence providing scientific explanations and making scientific evaluations helps make possible recommendations to solve problems or to otherwise make conclusions based on probabilities (Berg, 2007). Science and Technology Principles of science and technology are applied to environmental problems and solutions in a number of ways. Each provides...
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...it suggests for such problems. The essential characteristics of the theory as well as the continued relevance are also evaluated for the purpose of analyzing the validity of the theory as well as its accuracy. Bicultural identity integration is determined by such factors like personality, social environment, political, economic and historical context. The current status of an individual’s cultural group may influence the range of that individual’s bicultural identity integration. Keywords: Bicultural identity, biculturalism, culture, personality, psychology. Cultural Influences on Personality and Bicultural Identity by Veronica Benet-Martínez Personality psychology is generally a branch of psychology which is involved with the student of personality and how it varies among different individuals. Personality is a set of characteristics that a person possesses and that have the ability to uniquely influence the person’senvironment, emotions, behaviors and motivations. In humans, personality is generally made up of the outlines of the individual’s characteristics including thoughts, feelings, behaviors and social adjustments and this influence the individuals’ expectations, values, self-perception and attitudes. Personality also can predict how an individual is likely to react to other people, stress and also...
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...all directly influenced by our capacity to make clear, balanced and valued decisions. Each individual brings a set of personal values into the workplace. These values and the moral reasoning associated with them translate into behavior that are considered important aspects of ethical decision making in organizations. For example, the family background and spiritual values of managers provide principles by which they carry out business. Moreover, people go through stages or levels of moral development that affect their ability to translate values into behavior. There are distinct levels of moral development that affect behavior. The first level, as seen in children, is a low developmental level. In short, a child’s decision and behavior are based on rewards and the avoidance of physical punishment. At the next level, individuals conforms appropriate behavior based on the expectations of society. At the highest level of moral development are those individuals who develop and internal set of standards. In other words, they have self-chosen ethical principles that are more important than external expectations. Overall, personal values are developed from an ethical framework of individuals; it guides their decisions. Organizational Values Rarely are unethical or ethical practices attributed to a single individual. Organizational values reflect the values, attitudes, and behavior patterns of an organization’s culture. Also, it is reflective of the diversity of the workforce...
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...Psychology Paper PSY 360 What is Cognitive Psychology? Cognitive psychology addresses the mental processes responsible for understanding why an individual does the things he or she does. These primary principals are: a person’s perceptions, attention, learning, memory, conceptualization, reasoning, judgment, and problem-solving. Perception is the way a person understands and forms judgments and opinions about the environment he or she resides. In point, perception is unique in each individual. It varies based on a person’s experiences and environment. Another key factor is attention. This is based on how a person processes and sorts information he or she gathers. Not all information is retained, and this is how memory comes into play. Information important is stored and can be retrieved at a later date. Information unnecessary is not stored and may not paid much attention to because it is not pertinent information. How a person learns and processes information is based on his or her learning style. Conceptualization is important because it categorizes information and determines what is to be stored and what is to be used and disposed of. Additionally, reasoning, judgment, and problem-solving are large factors in the...
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...society. The culture is seen as a huge determinant to the roles that each gender will play. Therefore, sexism will be defined as a social construct that promotes the discrimination of individuals based on an individual’s gender. Sexism arises from stereotypes that define the roles of both sexes, therefore having issues when the gender roles are performed by the opposite sex. This social construct mainly affects the minority group identified as women and girls. Sexism is recognized in all aspect of life, and it’s not strange to identify it in the technology industry. The male figure has always identified its gender role as the provider. This social construct originated from the nature of man been the hunter who provided his family with their daily meal. Therefore relegating the women to the role of caretaker and this aspect has kept its hold over the society. In the 21st century, sexism has been a covert and subtle process that tries to establish an environment that is less friendly and less accessible to women. It’s clear that sexism is evident in the Silicon Valley and beyond. We also identify that the technology aspect has always been associated with male perspective. Therefore, it has become common to hear a conversation about women who have suffered sexism and sexual harassment in their digital related jobs. Women have also been identified to facilitate this occurrence by been timid when it comes to technology in the workplaces. Therefore, the actions that sideline women...
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...word psychology they may not always perceive it as a science. The science of psychology is based on the mental processes and behavior of human beings, and in some cases, animals. The foundations of psychology rely heavily upon four individual schools of thought. This includes the following perspectives: psychodynamic, behaviorist, cognitive, and evolutionary (Kowalski & Westen, 2009). Although the biopsychological approach is not considered as one of the four major schools of thought within psychology, it plays an important role in the foundations of psychology. These perspectives focus on a unique viewpoint or approach toward the field of psychology and each brings new ideas and theories to the table. The Psychodynamic Perspective It can be said that Sigmund Freud was the father of the psychodynamic perspective of psychology. Freud developed this perspective based upon the idea that the unconscious self is responsible for certain “underlying wishes, fears, and patterns of thought from an individual’s conscious, verbalized thought, and behavior” (Kowalski & Westen, 2009, p. 13). Essentially, the psychodynamic perspective suggests that people’s actions and thoughts are influenced by unconscious factors that they may not be aware of. The goal of psychodynamic psychologists was to discover how these unconscious factors influence the behavior and mental processes of human beings. Due to the nature of this perspective psychologists relied heavily upon the case study method...
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...the settlement Labis. Another theory is that in the 17th century, a member of the Malacca royal family was travelling through the area. He saw something that intrigued him. He called out to his advisors to tell him what it was, he went “Habis? Habis?” then accidentally is blurting out the name Labis. Labis is the second largest town in the district of Segamat, Johor with a population of about 20, 000 people and the largest community there is Chinese. Labis is an agricultural town and the main export is rubber. This study is focusing on the impact of wireless technology towards rural areas resident at Kampung Sawah Baru, which one of Labis part. Kampung Sawah Baru has 500 villagers which equals to 114 houses. Their main activities is gardening and trapping rubber trees. The wireless service provider for this village is Telekom Malaysia (TM). Normally, the villagers use this technology in term of social network, education,...
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...Environmental Risk Perception Paper Environmental structure, such as technology as well as pollutions have the ability to hurt individuals within society and could possibly have a long term effect on peoples as well as the environments that peoples is expose to. If an individual were to ask the question as well as view these different risks, it could be an important way of coming up with answers on different environments risks. The way different individuals perceive could oppose as well as prompt a response to deal with certain risks. To understand the meaning of risk is when a situation and problem as well as activities that could have an unpredictable outcome impacting an issue that different individual within society may value. Both of these important components related to risk would be the critical and uncertainties with an unfortunate outcome. Compare and contrast According to the article, “Environmental issues have surface as hazardous by-products of technological advances in today’s times. Some of these environmental issues take on different forms, which exhibit different degrees of understanding, publicity, complexity, as a well as solutions. Political debate and public awareness have recently risen to higher levels about one of the environmental issues which are the most threatening forms: climate change. According to the UN Climate Change Secretariat (2002), ‘‘there has been an increasing scientific evidence of human have been the one that have interfere with the...
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...Organizational behavior is an academic discipline concerned with describing, understanding, predicting, and controlling human behavior in an organizational environment. Organizational behavior has evolved from early classical management theories into a complex school of thought—and it continues to change in response to the dynamic environment andproliferating corporate cultures in which today's businesses operate. "The task of getting organizations to function effectively is a difficult one," wrote David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman in Hackman, Lawler, and Porter's Perspectives on Behaviors in Organizations. "Understanding one individual's behavior is a challenging problem in and of itself. A group, made up of different individuals and multiple relationships among those individuals, is even more complex…. In the fact of this overwhelming complexity, organizational behavior must be managed. Ultimately the work of organizations gets done through the behavior of people, individually or collectively, on their own or in collaboration with technology. Thus, central to the management task is the management of organizational behavior. To do this, there must be the capacity to understand the patterns of behavior at individual, group, and organization levels, to predict what behavior responses will be elicited by different managerial actions, and finally to use understanding and prediction to achieve control." The Behavioral Sciences Organizational behavior scientists study four primary...
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...applicants effectively • Identification of competencies requirements (Person-job fit) • Identify development needs and/or capacity to obtain knowledge • Organization and cultural fit (Person-organizational fit) • Talent and HR philosophy alignment to business strategy • Other attributes; personality, attitude, motivations, teamwork and interests (Person–group fit) and (Person-vocation fit) • Validity/reliability and accuracy of method to achieve staffing goals • Minimize adverse impact, ethical and legal concerns • Maximize ROI/costs of hiring • Candidates reaction (fair, consistent and objective) Source: Strategic Staffing 2nd edition – Phillips and Gully. Chapter 9 Assessing External Candidates page 233- 240 2) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both structured and unstructured interviews. Which would you prefer to use? Why? Unstructured Interviews Disadvantages • Standard approach is absent variances by candidate/interviewer • Formal scoring may be lacking impacts the ability compare candidates effectively • Interviewer approach and questions may be irrelevant to competencies. • Perceptions conflicts of interviewers •...
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...JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY COURSE BACHELOR OF PURCHASING AND SUPPLIES MANAGEMENT (B.P.S.M) YEAR OF STUDY Y3S1 UNIT ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR UNIT CODE: HPS - 2302 PRESENTED BY 1. Samuel Njoroge Mwangi - HD211-C004-0075/2014 DATE DUE Friday, 21st November, 2014 PRESENTED TO: Alice Muringu 1. JOB SATISFACTION 4 A. DEFINATION 4 B. IMPORTANT FACTORS USED TO MEASURE AND INFLUENCE JOB SATISFACTION 4 C. DETERMINANTS OF JOB SATISFACTION 5 i. The Evaluative Component 5 ii. The Cognitive Component 6 iii. The Affective Component 7 D. CAUSES OF JOB SATISFACTION 9 i. Job characteristic 9 ii. Social information processing (organizational characteristics) 10 iii. Dispositional (worker characteristics) 10 iv. Life Satisfaction 10 E. IMPACT FOR JOB SATISFACTION 11 F. JOB SATISFACTION APPLICATIONS 12 i. Company policies 12 ii. Salary/benefits 12 iii. Interpersonal /social relations 12 iv. Working condition 13 v. Achievement 13 vi. Recognition 13 vii. Autonomy 14 viii. Advancement 14 ix. Job Security 14 x. Work-life Balance Practices 14 G. MEASURES OF JOB SATISFACTION 15 i. Overall Job Satisfaction 15 ii. Job Descriptive Index (JDI) 15 iii. Global Job Satisfaction 16 iv. Job Satisfaction Relative to Expectations 16 v. Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire 16 vi. Job in General Scale 17 vii. Job Satisfaction Survey 17 viii. Job Satisfaction Index 17 ix. Job Diagnostic Survey 18 x. Career Satisfaction...
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...of influencer communication models to assist with their understanding of how mass media and the public communicate with each other. Illustrate your answer with examples and discuss how they might assist in an advertising campaign. (50 marks) The influencer model depicts information flowing via media channels to particular types of people (opinion leaders and opinion formers) to whom other members of the audience refer for information and guidance. Through interpersonal networks, opinion leaders not only reach members of the target audience who may not have been exposed to the message, but may reinforce the impact of the message for those members who did not receive the message. This approach indicates that the mass media do not have a direct and all-powerful effect over their audience. Personal influences are necessary to be persuasive and to exert direct influence on members of the target audience. The influencer approach can be developed into a multi-step model. This proposes that communication involves interaction among all parties to the communication process. This interpretation closely resembles the network of participants who are often involved in the communication process. The influencer model attempts to account for an individual’s participation in the communication process. These models emphasis individual behavior but exclude any social behavior implicit in the process. The interactional model of communication attempts to assimilate the variety of influences...
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...Organizational behavior is an academic discipline concerned with describing, understanding, predicting, and controlling human behavior in an organizational environment. Organizational behavior has evolved from early classical management theories into a complex school of thought—and it continues to change in response to the dynamic environment and proliferating corporate cultures in which today's businesses operate. "The task of getting organizations to function effectively is a difficult one," wrote David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman in Hackman, Lawler, and Porter's Perspectives on Behaviors in Organizations. "Understanding one individual's behavior is a challenging problem in and of itself. A group, made up of different individuals and multiple relationships among those individuals, is even more complex…. In the fact of this overwhelming complexity, organizational behavior must be managed. Ultimately the work of organizations gets done through the behavior of people, individually or collectively, on their own or in collaboration with technology. Thus, central to the management task is the management of organizational behavior. To do this, there must be the capacity to understand the patterns of behavior at individual, group, and organization levels, to predict what behavior responses will be elicited by different managerial actions, and finally to use understanding and prediction to achieve control." The Behavioral Sciences Organizational behavior scientists study four...
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...The Effect of Consumer Behavior on Southwest Airline’s Market Strategies Southwest Airlines provides flight transportation to leisure travel and business travel clients. While they specifically cater to each of these areas of segmentation, Southwest Airlines organizationally competes on a low cost strategy. The company’s approach to the market is to provide a low cost option to both consumer segments, while providing top-notch service and convenience. Southwest’s strategy targets business class travelers, making corporate partnership agreements a large part of their marketing and finance strategy. In catering to the business class bargain hunter, Southwest has established a value concept of customer loyalty and convenient services. Southwest has been able to capitalize this market segment to become the largest domestic airline while also able to maintain the highest customer satisfaction level in the industry. The company is able to maintain partnerships and brand themselves as an affordable business travel option by providing discount partnerships with affiliate businesses. This allows the airline to maintain market share by providing financial motivations for its business partners to incentivize them to continue to patronize Southwest Airlines. They actively promote their schedule of frequent non-stop flights to major city hubs as well as surrounding cities, proving to be a practical option for business class travelers. Southwest’s business traveler value concept extends...
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