...The Boxer Uprising (1898-1901), also known as ‘Yi Ho Tuan’ Movement, was a major peasant uprising marked by anti-Manchu and anti-foreign sentiments. In the period after the Opium Wars, the nature of Sino-Western relations had changed, leading to a scramble for concessions. This had exposed the inefficacy of the Manchus. Simultaneously, it had intensified the socio-economic crisis already prevalent in the 19th century. This essay attempts to analyze the causes, nature and impact of the Boxer Movement. Causes 1. A study of the traditional Chinese society and economy is imperative to trace the origins of the Uprising. The Chinese society was strictly compartmentalized by the principles of Confucianism. The society was highly stratified and had a rigid and inflexible hierarchical structure. A unique combination of power, wealth and knowledge defined the gentry or the elite class. The peasantry was the ‘exploited’ class, the taxpayers, who despite the theoretical emphasis on ‘career open to merit’ could rarely attain gentry status. The growing tax burden and exploitation caused discontent among them and though they remained placid, the simmering of discontent was always there. However, peasant uprisings, though a frequent occurrence, were spontaneous and scattered and so easy to suppress. The growing unrest culminated into agitation, and found expression in the Boxer Movement. 2. A series of natural calamities in the late 19th century intensified the discontent...
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...Date (CE) | Description of the event | Significance of the event | 1850 | -Taiping Rebellion-this was against the Manchu which was ruling the Qing Dynasty | -one of the bloodiest military conflicts in history-20 million people died, especially pedestrians | 1 August 1894 | -First sino-japanese war-this war was against China and Japan over the control of Korea -in the first six months China kept on losing which made them call for peace in February 1895 | -Intensification of imperialism -China was seen as weak so many Europeans started to partition China and take land from them which led further on to the Boxer revolution | June 1900 | -Boxer Rebellion to foreign powers and imperialism-Boxers gathered in Beijing protesting against Christianity and their act of taking land under the influence of the church | -Opened the Europeans eyes and saw that China was not as weak and fragile as they thought which made them rethink themselves | October 10, 1911 | -The Manchu Dynasty was overthrown and a republic was created.-Government lost control of the military and many provinces became independent of Beijing | -the key causes of this event would be significant causes for the Civil War that would start 15 years later: imperialism, anti-foreign attitudes, and the central government’s weakness | February 1912 | -Yuan Shikai assumed the role of president.-he was able to achieve so from the role of premier he had during the Qing dynasty and the fact that people in the south recognized...
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...dynasty in 1911-12 and the role played by nationalism and foreign interference in bringing about its collapse. Answers may refer to the failure of the Boxer Rising in 1900 and the subsequent development of a new nationalist movement devoted to the overthrow of the dynasty. In 1905 Sun Yat-sen formed the Revolutionary Alliance based in Tokyo which was strongly supported by students who had trained overseas. The Alliance carried out small and unsuccessful actions against the government over the next few years. In 1911 there was a backlash against the raising of foreign loans to pay for the nationalisation of trunk lines which led to the Wuchan uprising and the start of the revolution. Sun Yat-sen was elected President of the Chinese Republic but resigned in favour of Yuan Shikai in 1912. * failure of the Boxer Rising in 1900 yes The unequal treaties and the dependence in the wake of the boxer revolution are both factors responsible for the fall of the dynasty due to foreign interference. The war with Japan was followed by a series of treaties with the European powers and the USA. They obtained concessions from the Chinese government and China was often forced to pay indemnities to the western powers in exchange for loans. The efforts of reform that had been put in place in the wake of the boxer rebellion begin to stall out in 1908 when Guangxu and Cixi die within hours of each other. The result of this is that a little boy called Puyi came to the...
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...Enlightenment authors The impact of the Scientific Revolution on the Enlightenment Gutenberg’s printing press and its impact Adam Smith’s Laissez-faire (supply and demand free market) John Locke The Seven Years’ War impact in America and France The Congress of Vienna Napoleon’s impact on Latin America Revolutions Napoleon Bonaparte Revolutions in Haiti, Mexico, and Gran Columbia The impact of educated creoles in Latin American Revolutions The French Revolution Changes in government from feudalism up to republics Human migration patters during the Industrial Revolution The cause of the Industrial Revolution in England The impact of the second agricultural revolution Problems with industrialization in cities/slums Workers wages at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution Positive long terms impacts of the Industrial Revolution The goals of socialism & communism Russia’s lack of industrial revolution Russian tsars response to reform The Crimean War The impact of European Imperialism in Africa and Asia Social Darwinism Christian Missionaries during Imperialism The Mahdi and his resistance to European influence in Sudan The Ottoman empires factors of decline Young Turks and Muhammad Ali’s western inspired reform goals The importance of the Suez Canal The British East India Company success in India The Sepoy Mutiny The Opium Wars in China The Taiping Rebellion in China The Boxer Rebellion in China Matthew Perry’s impact in Japan Japans response...
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...“However well educated and clever a native maybe, and however brave he may prove himself. I believe that no rank we can bestow on him would cause him to be considered an equal of the British Officer.”(Lord Kitchener) New imperialism, the act of controlling territories under a greater power of greater nations, was popular during the nineteenth century. China and India were two independent nations, so similar, but yet also so different. Their imperialists had motives over raw material, resources, and power. Their thoughts of imperialism were fixed more on controlling and taking, then making relations and building up the country. This inequality led for a struggle of freedom and independence. From the struggles, the culture and the people had been impacted greatly from the foreign influences. Industrialism was halted for India and thrived in China. From the coasts China to the riches of India, imperialism changed the countries vastly. Across India and China, imperialistic motives of the Europeans ranged from rare materials to the immense voltage of power, however how they forced upon these motives was different. These nations were both imperialized by great European powers. Furthermore, they both had Britain as a strong imperialist. In China, Britain wanted luxury goods, like silk and porcelain. Britain also looked at India for luxury goods. Gems, gold, indigo, and spices were just several of the lustful items. Different Europeans nations, ruled different parts of these nations...
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...they do not recognize. Greed can be seen as a silent force that has the ability to conquer one’s life, where their selfish attitude allows his or her’s infatuation of power to consume them. Napoleon’s desire to become the only leader devours him as he becomes deceitful to animals except to the pigs. The animals on the farm are captivated by this new forming idea that they can become their own individuals by overthrowing the owner, Mr. Jones. This results in the animal to rejoice as they believe that they are able to control themselves and not be controlled, “And so, almost before they knew what was happening, the rebellion had been successfully carried through; Jones was expelled and the Manor Farm was theirs. For the first few minutes, the animals could hardly believe their good fortune” (Orwell 12). Napoleon secretly gains power from this rebellion as he and Snowball are the leaders of the newly named...
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...Some European countries became dominant in main cities of China. This was causing many of the foreign cultures were bleeding out into other parts of the city( called Spheres of Influence), which made China angry. So China started to create secret groups, among which were the Boxers, to eliminate the foreigners. Hundreds of thousands of people on both the Chinese side and the foreign side (consisting of America, Britain, France,Germany and Japan) died but ultimately in the end, the foreign countries won. America didn’t want other countries to take victory over China after this win however. So John Hay wrote another Open Door note saying that the U.S would distribute China Empire equally in term of trade. This allowed America to influence Asia in many ways. The Open Door policies also showed America’s belief economy depended on exports to grow, that they had the right to come in during foreign matters and that if a place is cut off from America things, they will not survive as a country. An immediate impact of this would of this would America gained an empire from all the new territory they gained. There aren’t many immediate impacts beyond this. On the other hand, there are many current impacts. China is one of the United States biggest traders. China also has a very good relationship with the U.S, probably because of...
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...the leaderships. However there wasn’t many factors of China showing to be a continuation this was because China was changing massively and at a fast rate during this period of time. One way to show that China was a revolutionary was the Boxer Rising. This was a popular anti-western movement in China, which was supported by peasants (such as farmers) uprising in 1900 which was set up to drive all foreigners out of China. It was a violent anti-foreigner and anti-Christian movement; it was motivated by proto-nationalists and backed by the empress dowager CIXI. In 1900 the Boxers besieged the foreign embassies in Beijing for two months until they were relieved by an international force. The rising was intervened by the Great Powers, which defeated the Chinese forces; because of this it further reduced the authority of the QING dynasty. The Boxer Risings changed China quite a lot: It made the leaders of China realise that they had to modernize and adopt European technology as well as this it also helped to opened the doors for Revolutionary movements such as the Communist Party and the to rise and to gain the support of China's people. Another factor that shows how revolutionary China was, was the End of the Chinese Empire. The Taiping Rebellion (1849-60) was the start of the end of the Chinese Empire. The movement which was lead by Hong Xivquan is known as the deadliest military conflict in History, where around 20 million people died. In spite of the movement, the Tongzhi Restoration...
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...the villain typically a charismatic evildoer who represents, leads, or himself embodies the struggle the hero is up against. [3] Animal Farm is a vivid and eloquent novel written by George Orwell, who aims to prove that human nature and diversity prevent people from being equal. It also successfully presents how the mechanism of propaganda and brainwashing works in totalitarian regimes. Snowball is described as a vivacious pig, which is quick in speech and more inventive. He´s the best at writing; painted out `Manor Farm´ and in its place painted `Animal Farm.´ During he´s short period in the story, Snowball threw his heart and soul into the attempt to spread animalism worldwide and to improve Animal Farm’s infrastructure. Moreover, Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together. [4] He had a white stripe down his nose which gave him a somewhat stupid appearance. That look that he had was also...
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...Japan, the Meji restoration was based on a German model with a democratic constitution. Some of these influences were seen in their army that incorporated western technology and in the businessmen that started to use western methods. In China during the self-strengthening movement the western influence had an impact on their society. They incorporated railroads, small scale industries, arsenal factories and they improved structure in many fields. Both nations opened ports for western trade. Japan at first had a limited interaction with western people by establishing just one port for trading. Later on the Japanese government realized that this wasn’t a smart move for their economy since trade was extremely important. The Canton System was the base on which the Chinese relied on. They set strict restrictions on foreign traders and harsh limits on the exportation and importation business. In the other hand, Japan avoided a military conflict and remained powerful while China didn’t accept Western influence causing struggle among their economy and society. Japan developed western ideas and became an industrial leader. China lost a lot of power due to several rebellions that were caused by...
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...Living The American Dream The American Dream is one of the reasons our country is so populated. In the 1800s, immigrants came from all over the world to live the American Dream. It was the inspiration behind huge bounds in technology, industry, and lifestyle. Without this concept of the American Dream, we would more than likely be a third world country struggling to survive in an economically driven world. It is what defines us as a nation, and to this day, it still powers whole generations of American citizens. The American Dream dates all the way back to the late 1700s during the revolutionary war. Our country was founded on the belief that freedom of choice was a right, not a privilege. That belief has carried through to this day. Many foreigners come to America to escape religious or governmental prosecution. America has more opportunity than any other nation on the globe, and that blossoms from the American Dream. In America, people have the opportunity to purchase a home, the opportunity to purchase a car, the opportunity for a higher-level education, and the opportunity to practice whichever religion they so choose. With all of these opportunities also comes responsibility. All of these things are what make America, and the American Dream so beautiful and majestic. In the article Keeping the Dream Alive, written by Jon Meacham, the author explains the historical beginning of the American Dream. The American Dream was created by James Truslow Adams. In the article...
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...Choose the letter of the correct answer to each of the following questions. ________ 35 From your reading of: Animal Farm 1.This pig is used as a propaganda machine by Napoleon... a. Snowball b. Minimus c. Squealer d. Sheep 2.Boxer is sold to the Knackers for what reason? a. He is too young to retire b. He is rebelling against Napoleon c. He is hurt and can no longer work d. The farm needed the money 3.By the end of the novel, the final Commandment states... a. All animals are equal except the pigs b.Some animals are more equal than others c.No animal may rebel against another d. Four legs good, 2 legs bad 4.Indentify the speaker: "If comrade Napoleon says it, it must be right." a. Mollie b. Clover c. Boxer d. Squealer 5.Identify the speaker: "Surely comrades you do not want Mr. Jones back?" a. Squealer b. Clover c. Muriel d. Sheep 6.Identify the speaker: "Four legs good, two legs bad." a. The sheep b. The geese c. The chickens d. The hens 7. What words were added to the end of this commandment? "No animal shall sleep in a bed..." a. With pajamas b. In the house c. With sheets d. With another animal 8.What words were added to the end of this commandment? "No animal shall drink alcohol..." a. To excess b. In the house c. In a glass d. With Mr. Jones 9.How is Napoleon double-crossed by Frederick? a. He refuses to send help when Jones attacks b. He pays for the timber with fake money c. He...
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...For the first half of the 20th century, China faced political chaos. Following a revolution in 1911, which overthrew the Manchu dynasty, the new Republic failed to take hold and China continue to be exploited by foreign powers, lacking any strong central government. The Chinese Civil War was an attempt by two ideologically opposed forces – the nationalists and the communists – to see who would ultimately be able to restore order and regain central control over China. The struggle between these two forces, which officially started in 1927, was interrupted by the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese war in 1937, but started again in 1946 once the war with Japan was over. the results of this war were to have a major effect not just on China itself, but on the international stage. Long-term causes of the Chinese Civil War[edit] Socio-economic factors[edit] Summary of Socio-economic factors In 1900, China was ruled by the imperial Manchu dynasty. The vast majority of the population were peasants. Their life was hard, working the land, and most were extremely poor. It was the peasants who paid the taxes that in turn paid for the great Manchu imperial court.It was also the peasants who faced starvation during floods or droughts, as their subsistence farming techniques often left them with barely enough to feed their families. The population in China grew by 8 per cent in the second half of the 19th century, but the land cultivated only increased by 1 per cent. This imbalance made famines...
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...because of mankind’s ignorance to the past. Animal Farm represents the Russian revolution and the events and actions that took place. As Napoleon, Snowball, and Old Major evolve and show the effects of having power, is it obvious to see how absolute power corrupts potentially great leaders. Napoleon, an overall strong leader, lets power take over his views and morals for ultimate corruption. After Old Major dies, Napoleon is fortunate to be one of the next renowned leaders for the farm and soon to be a leader for the rebellion. As time passes, Napoleon experiences the luxuries and the benefits that come with having power— the power is now beginning to go to his head. He begins eating much food, sleeping on a bed, and wearing clothes (all of which the animals swore never to do in animalism). Napoleon is beginning to think of himself above all others rather than as still an equal. At one point in the book, Napoleon sell the loyal and hardworking boxer to a factory for alcohol. This goes to prove that he only cared about what he wanted, not his hard working citizen. By many events and actions done by Napoleon, it is easy to see how Napoleon represents Joseph Stalin. “Stalin was the undisputed dictator of USSR.” As Stalin did, Napoleon disposes of anything that comes to threat his beloved power. Both leaders governed with complete power pushing anyone out of their way. “Twelve voices were shouting in anger, and they were all able alike. No question, now, what had happened...
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...sign. The treaty then opened ports for Japan to trade and gave Japanese power in the south. The growing Japanese presence in Korea upset the rulers of China. Confrontation between Japan and China eventually broke out war in 1884. Japan emerged victorious and the two aggressors signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki, which recognized Japanese domination in Korea. Russia had a dream of southward expansion in East Asia, and with Japan’s dominance in the peninsula it was slowly becoming impossible. They then pressured Japan to return the peninsula to China. At the same time, encouraged by Russia, the Korean government began to take an anti-Japanese course. The Japanese thereupon planned the assassination of Queen Min in October of 1895. The Boxer Rebellion in China led to the Russian invasion of Manchuria and to the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. The Korean government at first was neutral, but under...
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