...found very interesting is ethnic and racial minorities exposure to discrimination. This discrimination comes in various forms and can be very destructive to minority families. One thing that I learned a lot about was the concept of implicit bias. Implicit biases are attitudes or stereotypes that unconsciously affect our actions and understanding. Everyone has implicit biases that impact the way they treat others. Making yourself aware of these implicit biases can help prevent you from discriminating against others. Implicit biases can result in microaggressions, which are little remarks that, even though aren’t meant as offensive, are insulting. Microaggressions can sometimes meant to be positive, such as “you speak English so well”, but they are rooted in stereotypes. Microaggressions occur on a daily basis for many minorities, and are often compared to a mosquito bite. One or two may not be uncomfortable, but if they keep occurring they can cause a lot of damage. Another concept I learned a lot about was institutional racism. Institutional racism is the tendency of social institutions to treat groups differently because of their race. Institutions can be set up in such a way that allows on race to do very well, while simultaneously treating other races in a negative manner. One institution that seems to struggle with institutional racism is the education system. A clear example of institutional racism in the...
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...Implicit Bias has become an issue that I no longer believe is an unconscious decision. Everyone on the planet is allowed to have their own opinion and beliefs about another individual, however when it comes to a point of life or death in the workforce something must change. Implicit bias is a certain attitude or stereotype that we have towards someone. You act a way out of unawareness towards another race or culture. Although in my opinion, I believe that if you know much more about a race then your unconscious decision wouldn’t be as racist. I am sure that at some point in my life I have shown implicit bias towards another race. As I grow older and I see how it affects the black community the most, I try to get out of the habit of doing...
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...Name: Hasham Tariq Reg no: 12882 Subject: Research Proposal 1 (Rp1) Class: Tuesday 6 to 9 Assignment: Abstract/References of 10 research papers (Motivation/Discrimination) Submitted to: Dr Akif Hussain / Dr Imtiaz Subhani 1. When Searching Hurts: The Role of Information Search in Reactions to Gender Discrimination Abstract Two laboratory studies conducted with Dutch students explored women’s motivation to search for evidence of gender discrimination and its effects on psychological well-being. Study 1 (N = 161) considered situational self-relevance of one’s personal outcomes (personal failure or success) on women’s motivation to collect information about gender discrimination. Study 2 (N = 106) manipulated information search and studied its effects on well-being when information contains evidence of gender discrimination or personal failure. Results revealed that women are motivated to search for evidence of discrimination when outcomes are highly self-relevant (Study 1) or the need to search is high (Study 2). Furthermore women suffer from evidence of prejudice, but only when they are personally affected by this prejudice and evidence suggests it is pervasive. References -When Searching Hurts: The Role of Information Search in Reactions to Gender Discrimination Katherine Stroebe, Manuela Barreto and Naomi Ellemers SEX ROLES, Volume 62, Numbers 1-2 (2010), 60-76, DOI: 10.1007/s11199-009-9700-y Published online: 24 September 2009 # Springer Science...
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...Prejudice Introduction Prejudice is a term that I unfortunately am very familiar with. Although I am a blended individual, composed of various races and ethnicities, I primarily identify myself as being a black woman. I have encountered various forms of prejudices since I was a little girl. Just recently for example, I was told at work that I had pretty hair for a black girl, and that most black girls like myself did not have the type of hair that I had. The woman then asked me if I put water on my hair would it curl up like one of my other co-workers hair who was obviously bi-racial. I was offended by her remarks and questions, and I was concerned for her and her lack of knowledge. I really had to sit and analyze what she had just said to me. What did she mean by most black girls did not have hair like mine? Is she saying that all black women have nappy, coarse, hair that is not pretty? Is she saying that it is impossible for a black woman’s hair to curl? To avoid being rude I told her thank you, my hair curls, and I walked away dumbfounded. I had another incident occur in Vegas that was non race related, it was size related. I am not a skinny woman, I am very curvaceous and in my culture it is welcomed and viewed positively. The term for women my shape and size is “thick”. Some individuals view it as a good thing and some do not. Well every year my friends and I go to Vegas for Memorial Day weekend, and we research exclusive parties and attend them. One particular year...
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...Bloom’s book, Suspicion Nation, provided insights to the story of the shooting of Trayvon Martin in Sanford, Florida in 2012. In the book, the author analyzed the underlying cause of the tragedy and the unfair treatment of African Americans ever since the era of slavery. The author also adopted many evidences and experiments to prove her statement and support her argument, so that readers can sympathize the unfairly treated African Americans and pursue true racial equality that contain no racial biases. In the beginning, the author cited the example of sociology professor LePiere and his survey conducted in 1930s. The example proved that the surveys often contain answers conformed by the society instead of measurement of actual situation. Although people don't want to be called racist, they still show certain racial biases. Some social scientists creatively put...
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...Racial Bias in Therapy: How to ethically treat all cultures Heather Worthey Liberty University Abstract Despite how technologically advanced the United States is, the United States has a long way to go when it comes to bias. Racial bias is alive and thriving today. One's skin color does not make them less or more of a person, but some still hold onto the hatred they have for others. Some racial bias is conscious in the words and language used. Racial bias can be placed on others unintentionally by our thoughts and actions. As counselors, we have to be able to keep our bias in check. Having bias in therapy can be detrimental to our clients and to us professionally. When we let our biases cloud our judgment, we may look negatively on others when she should be trying to help them instead. Letting our biases be part of therapy can also set us up for ethical violations which could endanger our licensure. It is important that helping professionals take the time to educate themselves on racial bias and make the efforts to not let bias effect their clients and the therapy sessions. As counselors, one will interact with many different people from many different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Counseling is no exception to the cycles of racism, despite the education and intentions of therapists who would like to think they would never deliberately act in a racist manner toward any of their clients. Unfortunately, even when a therapist has received multicultural training, racism...
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...Steven Rousse English Composition Professor David Mook September 15, 2014 Is Law Enforcement Racist? Racism, stereotypes, racial profiling, discrimination, no matter what you call it it’s all the same thing, and it has been around for years. Lately racial discrimination has been greatly decreased, yet not completely eradicated. One would think that the last place there wouldn’t be a single shred of any discrimination in law enforcement, however, there is and the fact that there is racial discrimination makes for some very controversial cases; such as the case of the shooting of Michael Brown, the brutal beating of Rodney King, and the wrongful beating of Abner Louima. All of these incidents happened because of an unfair percentage that police are to show more brutality to a minority group than to whites and there are plenty of facts that support this such as the amount of white officers over colored ones, and the biases and stereotypes that are to blame for “racism” in law enforcement. The case of Michael Brown in Fergusson, Missouri a predominantly black society, with a predominantly white police force, there are multiple stories that both tell stories of what people saw. One account states that the teenager Michael Brown had his hands in the air and was surrendering whilst unarmed; the officer opened fire and killed him. However, what the authorities say is the exact opposite in which Michael Brown actually attempted to attack the officer in his car and tried to...
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...When managers are asked this question How ethical are you? They usually reply that they are ethical but you are probably not. We sometimesmake unethical decisions unconsciously. This article explains four related sources of unintentional unethical decision making. They are implicit forms of prejudice, bias that favors one's own group, conflict of interest and overclaiming credit. Implicit forms of prejudice is also known as unconscious stereotypes and attitudes towards people. In the mid 1990's professor Tony Greenwald (university of Washington) developed a tool called Implicit Association Test (IAT). This test exposes your decisions making based on race, gender, religion and so on. Bias that favors your group. We have probably all done this. Referred a friend, or relative to get a job. We tend to do favors for those that are similiar to us. Perhaps same race, religion, employer or attend the same school. This is called in group favoritism. While discriminating these who are different from us is consider un-ethical. We tend to judge African Americans, Arabs, poor, gays and lesbians. On the contrary, 75% of testakers (IAT) will choose the young, rich and white. Conflict of interest can lead to intentionally corrupt behavior. Experiments show how powerful such conflicts can unintentionally change decision making. Several examples are a physician accepting payments from clinical trials, lawyers fees based on their clients settlements. Overclaiming credit is when you give yourself...
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...teaching takes place from the viewpoint of whites. Moreover, educational materials have traditionally either excluded racial and ethnic minorities or presented them in an unflattering way (Farley, 2012). To remedy this, a true multicultural approach to learning is needed. This means the cultural bias that weaves its way through the entire educational institution needs to be addressed. Thus, the current stance on educational tracks, bilingual education, textbook development, and testing needs to be reevaluated (Farley, 2012). Likewise, the influence of teacher expectations in regards to learning ability and achievement must be dealt with. Addressing Inequities in Education As previously mentioned, America is undoubtedly a culturally diverse nation. People from all different walks of life make this country their home. However, society has been slow to...
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...country feel targeted, and hopeless against a system they perceive as oppressive, and racist. This issue has created a divide between the police, and the public. In addition, citizens question if the cops are protecting them or not. Although, it may seem like a problem with the law enforcement, both sides contribute to this issue, and continue to increase racial tensions in America....
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...criminal justice system have been a pervasive and deeply concerning phenomenon. Research consistently reveals significant disparities in the treatment of different racial and ethnic groups within the system. Factors Causing the Trend One factor contributing to the disproportionate representation of certain racial and ethnic groups in the criminal justice system is the over-policing of minority communities. Law enforcement agencies often deploy more resources to neighborhoods with higher populations of minorities, leading to increased surveillance, stops, and arrests within these communities. Racial profiling, or the practice of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on their race or ethnicity, remains...
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...Introduction: What is the effect of racism on healthcare inequality in the United States? Healthcare in the United States has always been a contentious issue. A good healthcare system is necessary for a society to function properly, but how to best implement it has been a subject for debate. Yet for many Americans, the main problem with healthcare in the United States intersects with another institutional problem: institutional racism. Like all other institutions in the US, implicit and explicit racism has always been a part of the healthcare system. Professionals in the healthcare system often treat African Americans and other minorities unequally and provide lower quality treatment that results in worse healthcare outcomes when compared to White...
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...examples of ethnicity based-jury nullification, and by choosing a position for or against ethnicity-based jury nullification. Ethnicity Influences and Judicial Practices There have been plenty of attempts to advance equal justice in the United States (Ward, Farrell, & Rousseau, 2009). In the criminal justice administration disparity still remains a concern. Criminal justice research on sentencing has found disparity based on defendant characteristics as gender, race, and class. There have been two changes by many individuals to secure equal justice in the court system. Implementations of sentencing guidelines, reduce bias, and increased racial and ethnic group representation among arbiters of justice (Ward, Farrell, & Rousseau, 2009). This may diversify the pool of explicit and implicit bias that will reduce White advantages. Racial and ethnic composition of law enforcement and legal authorities has changed in selected jurisdictions (Ward, Farrell, & Rousseau, 2009). Many people expected this progress toward equal representation among legal authorities...
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...As a manager in any organization or institution you are faced with many task and responsibilities. Managers must be equipped with both technical and interpersonal skills in order to thrive in today’s business world. These skills include leadership, motivation, team work, conflict-resolution abilities and an understanding of diversity and diversity management. Today’s work population is constantly changing; we encounter different people from all walks of life. As a result there is more interaction among people from diverse cultures, beliefs, and backgrounds than ever before. Maximizing and capitalizing on workplace diversity has become an important issue in the field of management. According to some experts “Diversity can have two competing perspectives. The first perspective embraces the “information value of diversity” and the importance of “celebrating our differences”. The second perspective believes that diversity contributes to conflict because “similarity attracts” and therefore, it is best not to draw attention to diversity and instead emphasize that as human beings our commonalities far outweigh our differences. The first perspective argues for customization, while the second advocates for homogenization. Whatever your perspective, the facts remain the same; today’s work population is changing and with any change comes both challenges and opportunities for organizations and their leaders. Diversity Management is a combination of programs, policies and...
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...Racial Disparities in the U.S. Judicial System Melinda Sims English Composition II Instructor Brandon Bond March 16th, 2014 Racial Disparities in the U.S. Judicial System The United States has the largest documented incarceration rate in the world. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics at yearend 2012, approximately 6,937,600 offenders were under the supervision of adult correctional systems (2013). Of this number, more than 60% of the inmates in prison are minorities however; they make up only 37% of the United States population. Considering the trends in which minorities commit crimes, such broad statistics conceal that racial disparities pervade each stage of the U.S. judicial system, from arrest to trial and sentencing. The first stage of the judicial system is the arrest made by an officer. Police are given an incredible amount of discretion to use that leads to bias and racial profiling. According to Paul Bou-Habib in his article “Racial Profiling and Background Injustice”, he states, “The main reason in favor of using racial profiling in the context of criminal investigation is that I can increase the chance of catching criminals” (para. 2). A key factor in the imbalance of the arrests on minorities in comparison to whites is that they commit more crimes at higher rates. In the article, “The Correlates of Law Enforcement Officers’ Automatic and Controlled-Race Based Responses to Criminal Suspects” by B. Michelle Peruche & E. Ashby Plant (2006) suggests...
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