...entrepreneurial potential among women. It reduces economic dependency and encourages all round development of a community. Empowerment means the process of change by which a person or a group acquire power or capability over their existence such as prosperity availability of resources, increased self-confidence and decision making power. Women empowerment refers to the complete liberation of women from socio economic dependency and impoverishment. Women empowerment leads to economic growth, poverty reduction, increased well-being, etc. Self Help Group (SHGs) based microfinance programme is a...
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...as gender discrimination is meant only for women, because females are the only victims of gender discrimination. Females are nearly 50 percent of the total population but their representation in public life is very low. Recognizing women’s right and believing their ability are essential for women’s empowerment and development. This study deals with gender discrimination in India, its various forms and its causes. Importance of women in development, legislation for women and solution for gender discrimination are also discussed in this paper. Key Words: gender discrimination, women’s development, legislation for women, education, employment, economic independence, empowerment, decision making and self confidence. GENDER DISCRIMINATION AND WOMEN’S DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA Introduction Gender is a common term where as gender discrimination is meant only for women, because females are the only victims of gender discrimination. Gender discrimination is not biologically determined but it is determined by socially and the discrimination can be changed by the proper and perpetuate efforts. Denial of equality, rights and opportunity and suppresment in any form on the basis of gender is gender discrimination. Half of the world’s population is females. They are doing two-third of work of the total work in the world but received only one-tenth of the world’s total income. Nearly two-third of the women is illiterates and they have possessed only...
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...Women Empowerment through Self Help Groups: Issues and Challenges RuchiraShukla*, Swati Sharma**, V.M. Thumar***, K.A. Patel**** Navsari Agricultural University Navsari Email: ruchira.shukla@nau.in Contact No.: 9725018793 Abstract: Women are critical to a growing rural economy, especially in developing countries such as India. The empowerment of women is most important for the development and growth of the country. Motivating women and bringing them into the mainstream of development is a major concern for the Government of India. Women empowerment is a process in which women challenge the existing norms and culture, to effectively promote their wellbeing. Empowerment of women means developing them as more aware individuals, who are politically...
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...UNIT 402 – Contemporary People Management By, Allan Gardner SUBMISSION DATE: 24/01/2014 STUDENT NAME: Nada Zaidi STUDENT ID: 871270 Table of Contents Executive Summary page 3 Introduction page 4 i. Company Background page 4 ii. Employees Overview page 5 Discussion and Analysis. page 7 i. Employee Development & Motivation page 7 ii. Employee Empowerment page 9 iii. Developments in the Employment Law page 11 iv. Workplace Communication page 12 v. The Employment Relationship page 14 Conclusion page 16 References and Bibliography page 18 Executive Summary This document discusses the external and internal environmental changes affecting a firm which runs a business largely affected by the “recession” of 2008-2009. It suggests how these damaging effects to the employee morale can be controlled, by bringing out the best of management capabilities. It shows how the right leadership can turn around pessimism into inspiration and promote a healthy working environment. These capabilities include employee motivation methods, along with development and training. Improvement of employee competency levels, by encouraging knowledge and information sharing and decision making. The report also sheds light on legal legislations, and gender disparity resolution important to workplace conditions and the employer-employee relationships differences in this transitional phase...
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...Education and Women’s Empowerment in Bangladesh Nashid Kamal *and K.M Zunaid** *Professor and Head, Department of Population-Environment Independent University, Bangladesh **Graduate student, Sydney 1 Abstract: In Bangladesh the latest BDHS, 2004 finds that only twenty percent women work for cash. Among them only 48 percent are able to spend their money on their own, the rest are dependant upon spouses or other family members to take joint decisions on spending. Defining this variable as a measure of empowerment, this analysis investigates correlates of empowerment using logistic regression analysis. The model finds that marital status is the most significant predictor of empowerment in Bangladesh. Unmarried women are six times more likely to be empowered. Secondary education is another major determinant of empowerment, along with the woman’s mobility and decision making scores. The paper recommends strengthening women’s secondary education in Bangladesh and also taking measures to encourage late marriage for women. 2 INTRODUCTION The participation of women in the labour market in Bangladesh has increased in the recent years. One of the major areas where women have found employment has been the garment sector. This industry employs around 10 million persons directly or indirectly, of which ninety percent are women workers. In the 1993-94 BDHS the percentage of women who reported cash income was only 14.4 percent. After the garment industries were set up in Bangladesh...
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...and Women Empowerment in Pakistan Dated: 6-12-2013 SYNDICATE MEMBERS: 1. Dharmoon Bhawani (Leader) 2. Amna Rafique 3. Kamal Khan 4. Nergis Shazia Chaudhary TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Title………………………………………………………………………………………1 2. Syndicate Members………………………………………………………………………2 3. Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………...3 4. Theme…………………………………………………………………………………….4 5. Preface……………………………………………………………………………………7 6. Thesis Statement…………………………………………………………………………8 7. Executive statement………………………………………………………………………9 8. Abbreviations………………………………………………………………………...….11 9. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..12 10. Statement of Problems………………………………………………………………….13 11. Methodology……………………………………………………………………………14 12. Scope of Study………………………………………………………………………….14 13. Review of Literature…………………………………………………………………….15 SECTION 1: GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 1.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………….17 1.2. Definition of Gender Equality and Women Empowerment…………………….17 1.3. Current state of Gender Equality and Women Empowerment in Pakistan……..18 1.4. Biswas’s Indicator of Women Empowerment ………………………………….19 1.5. Violence against Women………………………………………………………..19 1.6. Women Empowerment in Legislation and Judiciary…………………………...20 1.7. The Role of Rural Support Programme Network……………………………….21 1.8. Universal Standard Of Gender Equality And Women Empowerment…………...
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...added: access to resources also means control of resources. * The group discussed the meaning of “access to markets”, and defined restricting factors as: physical mobility (infrastructure and geographic restrictions such as those facing the chor areas), social mobility (gender-based constraints on leaving the home), fear of violence, women’s workload, and health. * There was a suggestion to refer more directly to the rural impact statement for appropriate language, and to refer to the agency/structure/relationships model. Slide 5 * It was suggested that ongoing monitoring be added to the process outlined above. * There was discussion around the importance of conducting an early needs assessment of the women, and that this should be incorporated into future programming. * The selection of women was deemed crucial to the success of the intervention, to meet the women’s needs, match their skill-sets and aspirations, which should result in lower...
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...intellectuals and many other significant black women . She interprets the work of important black such as Angela Davis, Alice Walker, and Audre Lorde, She also describes importance black women defining themselves as individuals to obtain their own empowerment. There is a second edition which differs from the first in the of oppression and empowerment, which giows into a toral different level. Collins breaks down her novel into three parts. Part I: The Social Construction of Feminist Thought, Part II: Core Themes in Black Feminist Thought, and Part III: Black Feminism, Knowledge, and Power. Bobet 2 Part I: Relevancy There are many examples of Afro feminist thoughts that speaks of the importance of the knowledge in empowering oppressed people. The fact is that those thoughts have changed the conscious of many individuals and the so much need changes of political and economic establishments for social change. Analysis At the Micro level women are taught to see themselves through the eyes of men, role play is more complex for women than men, living up to the feminism emphasizes micro level interactions- lived...
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...University of Sargodha | Women Empowerment in Punjab, A Case Study | Supervisor: Dr. Mussarat jabeen | | Muhammad Waseem Abbas – 02 , Sumera Imam – 04 , Tufail Niazi- 28 | [Pick the date] | Department of International Relations and pol-Sciences | Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Understanding Power 3 1.2 Understanding Empowerment 5 1.3 Empowerment and its meanings 6 1.4 Women’s awareness about their rights 8 2-Punajb and women empowerment 9 2.1 women empowerment in Punjab Pakistan 9 2.2 Economic benefits of women empowerment 11 2.3 Punjab assembly work from 2008-13 11 2.4 women issues and provincial government 13 2.5 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUNJAB AND OTHER PROVINCES IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 14 2.6 Punjab women empowerment package 16 3-Future of women in Punjab, Suggestions and conclusion 24 3.1 Future of women empowerment in Punjab 24 3.2 suggestions for women empowerment 25 3.3 Conclusion 25 References 27 Chapter-1 1. Introduction 1.1 Understanding Power At the core of the concept of empowerment is the idea of power. The possibility of empowerment depends on two things. First, empowerment requires that power can change. If power cannot change, if it is inherent in positions or people, then empowerment is not possible, nor is empowerment conceivable in any meaningful way. In other words, if power can change, then empowerment is possible. Second, the concept of empowerment depends upon the idea that...
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...Bless Me Ultima Part One In Bless Me Ultima, Rudolfo Anaya uses descriptive diction to communicate the majesty of the Golden Carp. Using words such as, beauty and grandeur, in context with the word silence, shows the power the appearance of the carp seemed to hold over the two boys. When Anaya speaks of Cico holding his hand to his chest the carp glides by it helps the reader to understand the importance of the Golden Carp. As the carp gives a “switch of its powerful tail,” the reader can infer the carp must be one of the stronger fish. The diction Anaya chose helps the reader to better visualize the importance and majesty of the carp’s appearance to the boys. Bless Me Ultima Part Two Topic | Tone | Theme | Family Expectations | Contemplative | Throughout life we try to please others without losing our way in the fight of good and evil. | Loss of Innocence | Fearful | Good vs. Evil | Objective | In Bless Me Ultima, Rudolfo Anaya, communicates a theme of family expectations through the opposing views of Tony’s parents. Tony’s mother wants her son to become a priest. This dream is fostered at the birth of her son, when he is born under a full moon. Tony’s mother’s brothers want him to become a priest and work with them on the farm because he is a Luna. Meanwhile Tony’s father hopes for his youngest son to become a vaquero or cowboy, like he once was. Tony’s father argues that his son is a Marez and he will wander the countryside like vaqueros. Tony’s...
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...Rights Perspective Women’s and Gender Studies 422 When using a global human rights perspective to determine solutions to the worldwide issue of violence against women, information can be analyzed to help determine root causes of abuse. Once a root cause is determined, methods of correction can begin to develop. There are many issues that impact women’s status and power that them more vulnerable to violence, some of which are introduced in ‘Women Across Cultures’, in four main themes, “Gender Inequality as a Historical, Sociocultural Phenomenon, Activism and Empowerment, Multicultural, Intersectional, Contextualized Approach, and Women’s Rights as Human Rights” (Burn, 2011). When core issued are looked at from a global perspective, organizations can begin to work together and share knowledge to assist one another. It is also for women to recognize their similarities and advocate for one another, regardless of country of origin, race, social status, and so forth. “Inequality as a Historical, Sociocultural Phenomenon” (Burn, 2011) is a way of determining the root causes of oppression in women. Some believe that due to the favorability of men, but not women being able to acquire property, leaves many women in abusive and controlling situations. Since private property rights are only available to men, this leaves women with little or no resources to leave an abusive situation (Burn, 2011). Male patriarchy is described as, “The idea that gender inequality is embedded in family, cultural...
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...THE EFFECTS OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN KENYA: A SURVEY OF MERU COUNTY A Research Project Submitted to the School of Human Resource Development in Partial Fulfillment for the Award of the Degree of Executive Master Of Business Administration of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology JULY 2013 CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1 Background information Several studies show that access to microfinance contributes to poverty reduction, particularly for women participants, and to overall poverty reduction at the village level. It also contributes to women empowerment, including higher levels of mobility, political participation and decision making. According to the State of the Microcredit Summit Campaign 2001 Report, 14.2 million of the world’s poorest women now have access to financial services through specialized microfinance institutions (MFIs), banks, NGOs, and other nonbank financial institutions. These women account nearly 74 percent of the 19.3 million of the world’s poorest people now being served by microfinance institutions. Most of these women have access to credit to invest in businesses that they own and operate themselves. Microfinance programs have been deemed to have the potential to transform power relations and empower the poor—both men and women. As a consequence, microfinance has become a central component of many donor agencies’ and national...
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...Women Empowerment in Bangladesh: Effect of WTO Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) Introduction The negotiations on Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) in the World Trade Organization (WTO) are expected to lead Bangladesh to substantial increase in ReadyMade Garments (RMG) export in world market. The NAMA negotiations are aimed to reduce or eliminate tariffs, including tariff peaks, high tariffs, tariff escalation and nontariff barriers for non-agricultural goods, in particular on products of export interest to developing countries. Non-agricultural products include industrial goods, manufactured goods, textiles, fuels and mining products, footwear, jewellery, forestry products, fish and fisheries, and chemicals. Collectively, they represent almost 90% of world merchandise exports. WTO has decided to take Special and Differential treatment for developing and least developed Members like Bangladesh, including through less than full reciprocity in the reduction measures to assist LDCs to participate effectively in the negotiations. NAMA negotiations are likely to have important positive implications for the LDCs like Bangladesh in the form of increased export. As the structure of Bangladesh export is heavily titled towards labor-intensive sectors as apparels and textiles, increase in export will likely to have consequent positive implications on new job creations in RMG sector. In Bangladesh nearly 3 million workers are with RMG sector of which 80% is female workers. The...
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...Empowerment Status of Women Presidents of Village Panchayats in Tamil Nadu and Kerala: A Comparative Study The 73rd constitutional amendment act is open an alleyway for a growth model with inclusive democracy in Indian political development. Therefore people are participated in the political affairs regardless of gender, race and other identities, because the seventy- third constitutional amendments act providing the devolution of power to the people. The basic indent includes thirty three per cent seats for adult females, similar reservation for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in proportion to their population, statutory requirement to hold periodic elections under the supervision of State Election Commissions, transfer of funds...
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...Introduction To call women the weaker sex is a libel. It is man’s injustice to women. If by strength is a man’s strength brute; then indeed is a woman less brute than man. If by strength is meant moral power, then woman is man’s power, as she has better intuition. Is she not more self sacrificing? Has she not greater endurance? Has she not greater courage? Without her, man could not be. If non violence is the law of our being, the future is with women. Who can make a more effective appeal to the heart than women?’’ Mahatma Gandhi- Mind of Mahatma Gandhi, 1960 Feminist legal theory Women have been the core of discussions on the gender topic and still are, the question is if they will always be, when the ‘gender’ topic is discussed. This has happened and is happening due to the apprehension of the much imperative role that women are playing in society. The need to have women on a level playing ground as their male counterparts in the shaping of society has not been an easier task for the feminist theorists and still isn’t. Though, the little achievement seen today can’t just be swept under the carpet and be ignored to be. Feminist theorists have over the years championed for women’s rights through such paradigms as-sex/gender equality, public/private sphere of the women, and equality/difference between men and women. Still today with a slight vary from the patriarchal world, they can be said to be only ‘consciousness-raising’. The real triumph, according...
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