...Out-group Assignment Out-group are the Individuals in a group or an organization who do not identify themselves as part of the larger group, and who are disconnected and not fully engaged in working toward the goals of the group. For the assignment I had to primarily identify all the residents in my community that I would consider to be a part of the out-group then develop an action plan for how I was going to approach, strategize and respond them as out-group members. In my one-on-one with my RD, we worked on selecting the ‘ghost’ residents that weren’t seen in the lobby, outside their room or not even in study hours or programs. I had around 8-9 ghost residents but among those resident, Adam was one of the residents that I had never seen talking to anyone. When I used to go door knocking for my study hours, he didn’t used to open his door although I just saw him going inside his room....
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...How to Figure Out What is Going On in a Groupi (Some Key Elements of Group Dynamics and Team-Building) We are used to focusing on the content of group activities—what the group is talking about and doing. In order to understand the group process, we must also pay attention to how the group is doing its work and how its members are interacting—communicating, making decisions, and so on. The following dimensions of group behavior provide information about the nature, structure and processes of work groups and teams. A. WHAT MAKES A WORK GROUP EFFECTIVE The effectiveness of a work group can be measured by the degree to which it: 1. Accomplishes its task appropriately. 2. Enhances ability of its members to work together in the future (social system.) 3. Members experience personal growth and well-being. In order to achieve these objectives, the group must engage in appropriate processes that reflectii: 1. Sufficient effort to accomplish the task at an acceptable level of performance. 2. Adequate knowledge and skill brought to bear on the task. 3. Task performance strategies appropriate to the work and the setting Therefore, members of the group must not only pay attention to the content of group activities--that is, what the group is talking about and doing--but also to the group process—that is, how the group is going about its work and how its members are interacting. B. TASK AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF THE GROUP PROCESSiii Behavior in a group can be considered in terms of its...
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...Question 1 10 out of 10 points Correct 2. Which one is NOT one of the four basic group goals identified by McGrath’s model of group tasks? Selected Answer: Correct A. discussing Answers: Correct A. discussing B. generating C. choosing D. negotiating E. executing Question 2 10 out of 10 points Correct 4. According to the text, if you had to choose only one aspect of a group to study, you would probably learn the most by studying its Selected Answer: Correct A. structure Answers: Correct A. structure B. goals C. cohesiveness D. interdependencies E. communication Question 3 10 out of 10 points Correct 3. Which is NOT one of the key characteristics of a group? Selected Answer: Correct D. a leader is present Answers: A. interaction among members B. a degree of unity C. group structure Correct D. a leader is present E. group-level goals Question 4 10 out of 10 points Correct 7. A line of people waiting to get into the movies is an example of a Selected Answer: Correct B. collective. Answers: A. primary group. Correct B. collective. C. personal group. D. category. E. social group Question 5 10 out of 10 points Correct 1. According to the text, which one is NOT a key element in the definition of a group? Selected Answer: Correct B. members share some characteristic, such as eye color or gender Answers: A. two or more members Correct B. members share some characteristic, such as eye color or gender ...
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...RUNNING HEAD: IN AND OUT GROUPS Abstract This paper examines the LMX model as well as the In-group and out-group as it refers to the importance of effective leadership. Also discussed are sample in-group and out-group situations as it refers to business issues surrounding today’s world. Finally, the implications of the leader and the ability to be able to use different methods of leadership are discussed. Introduction In today’s society, we all must agree to disagree as well as accept that not every person will like each other. Even though this is the case, there is a job that must be completed. This is the case with leaders and followers. The leader has an independent relationship with each follower or employee. Once this relationship is established, they are mentally placed in a group. This is apart of the Leader-member exchange model, also referred to as LMX. The LMX model shows how subordinates are placed in two groups. (Nahavandi, 2006) In every workplace there are the “in and out groups.” These are groups that are formed in the minds of leaders that basically classify other workers in terms of how well they are liked or disliked. Members of the “in group” are those that are known as hard workers who can be counted on when production is an issue. Members of this group are well liked by the leaders and are known to complete tasks without complaints and accept all new challenges...
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...'depressing dilemma'. Brown's (1995) definition of stereotyping through prejudice is the 'holding of derogatory social attitudes or cognitive beliefs, the expression of negative affect, or the display of hostile or discriminatory behavior towards members of a group on account of their membership to that group'. This definition implies that stereotyping is primarily a group process, through the individuals psyche's within that group. A further idea of stereotyping, defined by Allport (1954) as 'thinking ill of others without warrant', is that people 'make their mind up' without any personal experience. This pre judgment about a whole group is then transferred to the stigmatization of any individuals in that group. It is these ideas that the essay aims to evaluate, through the cognitive process of categorization and the above definitions that bring about three distinct features of stereotyping, that our cognition can be demonstrated through. The first characteristic of stereotyping is over-generalization. A number of studies conducted found that different combinations of traits were associated with groups of different ethnic and national origin (Katz and Braly, 1933). However, stereotyping does not imply that all members of a group are judged in these ways, just that a...
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...relationship between the leader and the follower (PSU WC, L.8). These vertical relationships are described as the in-groups and the out-groups. In-group members go above and beyond the job description. They receive more confidence and concern from leaders and their responsibilities are more open ended (Northouse, 2013). The out-group members come to work, do their job and go home. They do not strive to build their responsibilities, but are happy doing what’s expected of them. In my past work experiences, this trend rang true. As I was completing this week’s lesson, I could picture vividly in my mind those I have worked with in the past that have been a part of the in-group and those in the out-group. I have worked an array of jobs; I was a cook/waiter at a small diner, an intern at a facility manager’s office, and an intern for a construction contractor. While working for all of these employers, it was easy to see those who were a part of the in-group and out-group. I think the biggest takeaway from these experiences was that those in the in-group were usually there because of their interest in the job. To create the relationship needed with the in-group, the follower must be committed and passionate about the work. While working at the diner, I started out very strong. I always picked up extra work and did everything I could to get into the in-group with my boss. But as time carried on, I became less interested because I wasn’t really passionate about food service...
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...Group Communication Class Reflection Wonderful job, great success, outstanding job, or well done, are the phrases which any group would love to hear as the result of their project. In order to hear these phrases the group needs to work very hard starting from group formation, to group communication, group norms, roles, rubrics, and other skills and methods. Throughout this course, I had the chance to experience some wonderful group work. After completing our project, I looked back and was able to see that we had worked a lot in order to succeed in our goal. This class has thought me to be a responsible group member. In the following report I would like to talk about the topics which really pointed out to me, and which have helped me to look at group work differently. In the report I will be talk about group communication, the stages of group formation and what they include, the cultural diversities in groups, and the assessment rubric. Isa N. Engleberg and Dianna R. Wynn, authors of the book “Working in Groups”, define group communication as an “interaction of three or more interdependent members working to achieve a common goal.” From the beginning of the course, this sentence really stood out to me. The word interdependent plays a big role in a group project, and if the group is formed out of non-dependable members, then the group’s goal will most likely not be successful....
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...and membership in particular groups, and how the workings of intergroup discrimination work. Social identity theory plays an important role in the study of social psychology. To some degree, everyone is influenced by social identity theory. Social Identity Theory tries to explain such intergroup discrimination in the 'real world' as well as in the circumstance of the minimal groups. The theory claims a process of social identification and positive self-esteem, “People can boost their self-esteem through their own personal achievements or through affiliation with successful groups” (Kassin, Fein, & Markus, 2008, 150). When a person is a part of a successful group, their”in-group”, it influences their beliefs and values because it makes them feel good about themselves because being a part of that group makes them successful as well, it makes them feel as if they belong somewhere in this group and are an important part of it which leads to higher self-esteem. People may fear their out-group’s because one may not like the fact that they do not belong to this certain group and having a feeling of not belonging may lower ones self-esteem. “When people feel threatened by their own mortality, they tend to seek greater affiliation with their in-groups and exhibit greater prejudice against out-group’s, in part to reaffirm their sense of place and purpose in the world.” ” (Kassin, Fein, & Markus, 2008, 151). The first group I am a member of is the group of employees I am a part of...
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...the detainees were being tortured and dehumanised by the American soldiers. Newspapers were filled with photographs and descriptions of the torture of the Iraqi detainees and there was public disapproval of what was evidently intolerable treatment inflicted on them. One theory that could be used to explain the issue is Milgram’s agency theory of obedience. This theory could be used because the soldiers are trained to be agents of authority and believe they have a duty to protect America as agents of society thus as soldiers, they would be agents obeying the orders rather than autonomous individuals making their own decisions. The soldiers would not have been in an autonomous state, and would have therefore be more able to carry out the orders given to them by an authority figure. This may have been because the soldiers were under the impressions that they would not be held responsible for their actions hence they thought it was acceptable to torture the Iraqi detainees as well as degrading them in the process. The study that supports this theory is Milgram’s study of obedience. In Milgram’s experiment participants, who were the ‘teachers’, were wiling to electrocute other participants, who were the ‘learners’, if they provided incorrect answers to what the ‘teachers’ asked them, when being coaxed to do so by an authority figure. Therefore this suggests the soldiers would be prepared to obey...
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...Categorization and Social Identity Theories Introduction In the modern world, workforce diversity has developed to be among the most imperative elements. Many organizations including Apple Inc. and all over the world have employed diversity managers to help develop effective workforce diversification (Podsiadlowski et al., 2013). The increased interest in workforce diversity is not surprising. As organization move to develop organizational structures including teams and groups as well as multinational workforce, effective communication within diversified workforce becomes imperative for smooth functioning of organizations (Podsiadlowski et al., 2013). Diversity is often described in the context of the beneficial aspects of variety in the workforce. However, the definition of diversity still remains unclear. Van Ginkel and Homan (2013) state that the debate on diversity mostly confuses various forms of a variety of workforce. One way to achieve workforce variety is through social categorization, where group membership is determined by mutual characteristics such as race, sex, age, gender, and status. Legal provisions on diversity have continuously emphasized the creation of representative social categorization approach in the workforce of an organization (Podsiadlowski et al., 2013). In this context, the workforce demography should mirror the mixture of different local workforce market. While personal characteristics such as race may offer the grounds for social categorization...
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...Leadership and Organizational Behavior Dr. Anne Hallcom Part 1 Group Development: The group is currently in the norming stage. The first meeting the group went through the forming stage by introducing themselves and talking about their schedules. They joked around and had a good time and started to bond together. They worked through some dysfunctional issues during the next week or two when Mike became upset that he felt excluded from the group. The group is starting to come together and function well together except for Mike. All members of the group are doing their share of the work and helping each other out but Mike is still not pulling his own weight and seems to be distant from the group. I think he feels resentment towards the group because they are close and working well together but he feels like they are excluding him so he isn’t pulling his own weight to get back at them. If Mike were more integrated into the group and working well with them, I would say the group is in the performing stage but this won’t happen until the group comes together to make Mike apart of the group and Mike contributes more to the group. If Christine understood the stages of team development, she could have led the group to become a high performance team. She had many opportunities to make this happen. The first opportunity was in the initial meeting when the group was determining the best times to meet. Mike told the group that his television show was more important than working on...
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...Which Age group do you belong to? * 14-17 * 17-20 * 20-23 * 23+ 3) To which rank do you belong? * Patrol leader * Scouts master * Venture scout 4) How long have you been in this scout group? * 1-2 years * 3-4 years * 5-6 years * 7+ 5) Is there a structure to this group? * Yes * No 6) Does this group have any specific objectives laid out? * Yes * No 7) Does this group have any laws you have to abide by? * Yes * No 8) Does this group take part in events in the community? * Yes * No 9) Does the scout group need new programs? * Yes * No 10) Does the scout group face any problems? * YES * No 11) ------------------------------------------------- If yes state what ------------------------------------------------- 12) Does the problem affect the scout group? * Yes * No 13) Does the programs and policies are effective in the scout group? * Yes * No 14) How relevant is the scout movement to the youths in the area? * Very relevant * Not relevant * Little relevant 15) Does the scout group need new programs to be implemented? * Yes * No 16) How does the group have an impact on society? * Give moral guidelines * Leads to the development of young people * Keeps them away from doing wrong things * All of the above 17) How effective is the scout group? * Very...
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...Team Performance - Case Study 3/23/2013 Contents 1. Group Development 3 2. Problem Identification 3 3. Retrospective Evaluation 4 4. Reflection 5 1. Group Development There are five stages of group development in which a team passes through: Forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. The group for this case study is currently, 1 week before the due date, in both the norming stage and performing stage. They have adapted to the absence of Mike and are motivated to finish the analysis in an effort to achieve a good grade. Each member has completed their part except Mike, who has just handed in notes to Christine. All of the other members have looked past any turmoil of Mike and either adapted to that or ignored him. Managing a team through these five stages will increase the overall effectiveness of that team; therefore understanding the different stages could have assisted Christine. If she knew what each stage entailed ahead of time, she could have anticipated certain issues or attempted to resolve them. In the beginning Christine should have laid out the group rules, assigned all the tasks, and allowed the members to introduce themselves and get to know one another. I think she did a good job leading them into scheduled meetings; however, Mike was just a complainer about the early meeting. When tension arose in the group, because Mike was upset seeing the group members having a good time and mingling without him, Christine could...
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...NEW JERSEY SELF-HELP GROUP CLEARINGHOUSE 375 East McFarlan St., Dover, NJ 07801 * 1-800-367-6274 or 973-989-1122 * www.njgroups.org SOME COMMON GROUP PROBLEMS The "Pity Party" Symptoms: Meeting Turns Into a Complaint Session: Members "dump" their problems on the group and other group members don't offer solutions or support; they just offer more complaints. There is no balance of people talking about their problems and others relating their own experiences in dealing with similar problems or offering solutions. This can have an avalanche effect that is difficult to stop. Possible Solutions: Don't move on to another person's problem until the first one has been addressed. This will stop the "snowball" effect of other people jumping in with the same complaints. It also reinforces the idea that a support group is a place to get ideas on how to deal with problems rather than just a place to talk and not do anything about those problems. Remind group that support groups should be positive, and members should mention the progress that they are making. Sometimes people don't want to take time away from someone who is having difficulty, but talking about progress is a very important part of a support group. They can offer others suggestions and strategies for improvement. Put something in the ground rules that each member must state something positive that happened to them since the last meeting. If many people in the group have the same specific problem, ask them to think about...
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...prepossession, usually with unfavourable condition, an unreasoning prediction or objection. Therefore prejudice is usually theorized as an attitude that has a cognitive element e.g. how people hold a certain belief about another group. It has an emotional element e.g. either they dislike or like the other group or it has an impulse element e.g. they might have a natural predisposition to have negative thoughts towards the other group. However most researchers define prejudice as a negative attitude. Alport (1954) in his seminal volume the nature of prejudice defined prejudice as “an antipathy based on faulty and inflexible generalization i.e. it’s an outgrowth of normal human function. He believed that “the human mind must think with the aid of categories…. Once formed categories are the basis for normal prejudgment. Humans cannot possibly avoid this process. Orderly living depends upon it (p.20). This explanation tells us that prejudice is not something logical or based in fact, but rather, on a series of assumptions, half-truths and guesses. Based on recent evaluations of what prejudice is, I have come to understand prejudice is based on an individual’s attitude whether positive or negative toward groups which creates a standard between groups, prejudice needs to be viewed as a process within a set of relationships, rather than a state or characteristic of particular people (Abrams and Houston, 2006; Abrams and Christian, 2007). Sometimes not all pre-conception are damaging...
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