...On this score India does not look too different from many other developing countries. Bangladesh's dependency ratio is 0.7, Pakistan's 0.8, Brazil's 0.5. | Your views on this article | What is different about India is the prediction that it will see a sharp decline in this ratio over the next 30 years or so. This is what constitutes the demographic dividend for India. India's fertility rate - that is, the average number of children a woman expects to have in her life time - used to be 3.8 in 1990. This has fallen to 2.9 and is expected to fall further. Since women had high fertility earlier we now have a sizeable number of people in the age-group 0-15 years. Benefits of demography But since fertility is falling, some 10 or 15 years down the road, this bulge of young people would have moved into the working-age category. And, since, at that time, the relative number of children will be small (thanks to the lowered fertility), India's dependency ratio would be lower. It is expected that, in 2020, the average age of an Indian will be 29 years, compared to 37 for China and 48 for Japan; and, by 2030, India's dependency ratio should be just over 0.4. This can confer many benefits. First is the direct benefit of there being a rise in the relative number of bread-winners. Moreover, with fewer children being born, more women will now join the work...
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...PROGRAM ON THE GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY OF AGING Working Paper Series Population Dynamics in India and Implications for Economic Growth David E. Bloom January 2011 PGDA Working Paper No. 65 http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/pgda/working.htm The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Harvard Initiative for Global Health. The Program on the Global Demography of Aging receives funding from the National Institute on Aging, Grant No. 1 P30 AG024409-06. 1 Population Dynamics in India and Implications for Economic Growth1 David E. Bloom Harvard School of Public Health January 2011 Keywords: Age structure China-India comparison Conditional convergence Demographic dividend Demographic transition Economic growth Economic growth in India Policy reform Population health Population of India Abstract Demographic change in India is opening up new economic opportunities. As in many countries, declining infant and child mortality helped to spark lower fertility, effectively resulting in a temporary baby boom. As this cohort moves into working ages, India finds itself with a potentially higher share of workers as compared with dependents. If working-age people can be productively employed, India’s economic growth stands to accelerate. Theoretical and empirical literature on the effect of demographics on labor supply, savings, and economic growth underpins this effort to understand and forecast economic growth in India. Policy choices...
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...Business Beacon : Assignment 1/30/2009 Thakur Institute of Management Studies & Research, Kandivali (east). Mumbai. Sanjaykumar Anganu Yadav PG- Finance Roll No: 62 1) Answer to question one is stated on the chart or the figure mention that the India’s population in segment. Steps • Population & Demography • Population Census • Total Population • Age-Group Wise. Selected the Age Group of 15-19 to 35-39 Compared the same with the Age Group of 60 & above. Clicked on the Frequencies Annually. Executed the command NEW. The major population lies in the age group between 15-19 to 35-39 and the small amount of population in the age group of above 60. 2) Extracting the weekly inflation rate for the entire year of 2008, Steps for the above are • Price • Domestic prices • Wholesale price index. • Clicking on the weekly frequency • Execute Command NEW. • Select columns and click on generate charts • Click on YoY change in terms of percentage. • Frequency Weekly. 3) Steps for the Answer • Transport & Communication • Railways • Revenue Earnings • Enter output date as 01/03/2003-31/03/2007 • Execute Command NEW. 4) Steps for the Answer • Click on Foreign trade in Indicators. • Click on Rupee trade, imports and then on petroleum crude. • Mention L24 in time series slot. • Click monthly and then New. • Now select the entire...
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...URBANISATION IN INDIA: A DEMOGRAPHIC REAPPRAISAL R. B. Bhagat Department of Geography Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak-124001, India Introduction: The United Nations estimates indicate that at mid 1990s, about 43 per cent of the world population lived in urban areas. With the urban population growing two and a half times faster than its rural counterpart, the level of urbanisation is projected to cross the 50 per cent mark in 2005. United Nations projections further show that by 2025, more than three- fifth of the world population will live in urban areas (U. N. 1993). The growth rate of urban population of developing regions has been declining recently. It was estimated to be 3.9 per cent per annum during 1980-85, which declined to 3.79 per cent per annum during 1980-85, 3.62, and 3.43 during 199095 and 1995-2000 respectively. The decline in the rate of urbanisation is also continuing in developed regions of the world. As a result, some of the European countries have experienced negative urbanisation during 80s ( U. N. 1993 ). However, the continued absence, namely, adequate data on rural to urban migration in most developing countries as well as on natural increase in rural and urban areas separately precludes attribution of the slowing down of urban growth in most of the countries to any single demographic process. It reflects the effects the host of factors like the relatively week expansion of urban industries and price shifts unfavourable to manufactured goods, population...
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...Kamalapur1 and Somanath Reddy2 1 Women’s Studies, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-06, Karnataka, INDIA 2 Social Work, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-06, Karnataka, INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me Received 29th August 2013, revised 21st September 2013, accepted 5th October 2013 Abstract If health is defined ‘as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’, it follows that existence is a necessary condition for aspiring for health. The girl child in India is increasingly under threat. In recent decades, there has been an alarming decrease in the child sex ratio (0-4 years) in the country. Access to technological advances of ultra sonography and India’s relatively liberal laws on abortion have been misused to eliminate female foetuses. From 958 girls to every 1000 boys in 1991, the ratio has declined to 934 girls to 1000 boys in 2001. In some states in western and north western India, there are less than 900 girls to 1000 boys. The sex ratio is at its worst in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Gujarat, where severe practices of seclusion and deprivation prevail. Often in contiguous areas in these states, the ratio dips distressingly below 800 girls to every 1000 boys (RGI, MOHFW, UNFPA, 2003). Annexure I gives the child sex ratio in different states and union territories of India as per the 2001 census. The Present paper analysis the Nutrition and women health in India...
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...International Conference on Technology and Business Management March 28-30, 2011 India’s Demographic Dividend - Issues and Challenges Arun Ingle P B Suryawanshi inglearun@gmail.com pbsurya@gmail.com Pad. Dr. Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s Institute of Business Management and Rural Development, Ahmednagar 1. Introduction India is transforming demographically, in which the population of a nation slows down and life expectancy increases, participation of women in labor force and rate of saving increases. India has its own issues like illiteracy, income disparity, gap between haves and have-nots; etc. This study explores demographic dividend in case of India by studying issues and challenges, the policies to be implemented and lessons to be learned from countries like Japan, Ireland and Thailand. By 2025, India will have over 65% population under working class. This is a unique window of opportunity for deploying resources. This study explores the benefits to be realized and the policies to be implemented; now India is well poised for becoming a super economic power. As all developed nations will have older population by 2026, as their population is aging. It means if India can take the advantage of this situation, by proper deployment of resources, by converting the human potential in to engine of economic growth. This period of demographic dividend is an opportunity for overall growth; it’s not the guarantee for improving the standard of living. This window of opportunity...
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...ESSON 2: POPULATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT UNIT I: POPULATION LESSON 2 ‘POPULATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT’ - Dr. Anupama Rajput Studying this chapter should enable you to understand: * Theory of Demographic Transition * Demographic Profile of India * Population Growth and Economic Development * Population Policy of India Introduction: The size and composition of a country’s population can exert a powerful influence on a country’s development. The population size, composition, and distribution influence the range of industries a country can support and the pool of talent that are available in the country.In size of population, India is the second largest country in the world after China, constitutes 2.4 per cent of the world’s land area and supports 16.25 per cent of the world’s population. The population growth in India has proved to be more an obstacle to its development efforts rather than a contributory factor in economic growth. Theory of Demographic Transition: The theory of demographic transition states the impact of economic development on the population growth of a country. The earliest systematic discussion on the theory of population growth is provided by Malthus in 1798. Malthus stated that population growth always exceeds the growth of means of subsistence and warned that the uncontrolled population had to be corrected by nature which would be very painful. Economists however, argued that the population growth is a transitory phenomenon that...
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...WORKING P A P E R Demographic Trends, Policy Influences, and Economic Effects in China and India Through 2025 JULIE DAVANZO, HARUN DOGO, AND CLIFFORD A. GRAMMICH WR-849 April 2011 This product is part of the RAND National Security Research Division working paper series. RAND working papers are intended to share researchers’ latest findings and to solicit informal peer review. They have been approved for circulation by RAND National Security Research Division but have not been formally edited or peer reviewed. Unless otherwise indicated, working papers can be quoted and cited without permission of the author, provided the source is clearly referred to as a working paper. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. is a registered trademark. Preface In this paper we compare the recent and likely future demographic situations in China and India and their implications. This is a background paper for the chapter, “Population Trends in China and India: Demographic Dividend or Demographic Drag?. in the RAND report, China And India, 2025: A Comparative Assessment, MG-1009OSD, by Charles Wolf, Jr., Siddhartha Dalal, Julie DaVanzo, Eric V. Larson, Alisher R. Akhmedjonov, Harun Dogo, Meilinda Huang, and Silvia Montoya, and contains some of material referenced therein. The RAND report was done under the sponsorship of the Office of Net Assessment with the objective of understanding how China and India will compare to one...
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...NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES IMPLICATIONS OF POPULATION AGING FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH David E. Bloom David Canning Günther Fink Working Paper 16705 http://www.nber.org/papers/w16705 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 January 2011 Support for this work was provided by the Program on the Global Demography of Aging at Harvard University, funded by Award Number P30AG024409 from the National Institute on Aging. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute on Aging or the National Institutes of Health. The authors thank Marija Ozolins and Larry Rosenberg for their assistance in the preparation of this paper. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peerreviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2011 by David E. Bloom, David Canning, and Günther Fink. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Implications of Population Aging for Economic Growth David E. Bloom, David Canning, and Günther Fink NBER Working Paper No. 16705 January 2011 JEL No....
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...------------------------------------------------- Population growth From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The estimated size of human population from 10,000 BCE–2000 CE. 'Population growth' refers to the growth in human populations. Global population growth is around 80 million annually, or 1.2% p.a. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1925 to 7 billion in 2012. It is expected to keep growing to reach 11 billion by the end of the century. Most of the growth occurs in the nations with the most poverty, showing the direct link between high population growth and low standards of living. The nations with high standards of living generally have low or zero rates of population growth. Australia's population growth is around 400,000 annually, or 1.8% p.a., which is nearly double the global average. It is caused mainly by very high immigration of around 200,000 p.a., the highest immigration rate in the world. Australia remains the only nation in the world with both high population growth and high standards of living. Population[1] | Years Passed | Year | Billion | - | 1800 | 1 | 127 | 1927 | 2 | 33 | 1960 | 3 | 14 | 1974 | 4 | 13 | 1987 | 5 | 12 | 1999 | 6 | 12 | 2011 | 7 | 14 | 2025* | 8 | 18 | 2043* | 9 | 40 | 2083* | 10 | * UNFPA United Nations Population Fund estimate 31.10.2011 | Contents [hide] * 1 Determinants of population growth * 2 Population growth rate * 3 Excessive growth and decline * 4 Human population...
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...Chapter: Government Plans Programme & Policies Topic: INDIA, G 20 AND THE WORLD (PART -1) Introduction Second World War was definitive in redistribution of the world power. Authority of United States of America was established and after a prolonged cold war with the other waning super power, USSR, the power slowly shifted towards the western democracies led by US. Japan was quick to recover too and through its technological innovations & business practices soon became a formidable force despite its relatively smaller area, population and insignificant military prowess. Economic might had become the new centre of gravity and formations like G6, a club of the rich, involving US, Japan France, Germany, Italy and UK emerged in 1975. Origin of G-20 After the second world war, free from occupation and external aggression countries like India and China, initially stayed aloof addressing their own domestic concerns, building their nations. It took some time for these countries to integrate themselves in the world economy. Meanwhile they continued to grow rapidly in terms of population, a factor that they could later leverage when they would start to open up. Slowly even with relatively lower per capita GDP but a big enough population and favourable age structure their overall impact in world economy could no longer be ignored. In the meantime, Developed countries were at their peak. The way in which business would be done was changing world over. Spurred by the information...
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...Case 2-2 - The Crest Whitestrip Challenge Question 1 – Summary of Table A After reviewing the table provided by Simmons Market Research Bureau, spring 2006 the most popular product is all whiteners with a 15.2% of adults that participated on the research. The second and third most popular products were the Whitening strips with 8.3%, followed by Whitening gels with a 5.5% of the adults that participated on the study. The bigger users of any whitening products are females at over 65% while males represent only a 35% of the sales of whitening products. The age group that represent the highest number of sales are the 18-24 year olds with about 23% of the sales, followed by two age groups 35-44 and 45-54 both representing 18% of sales. Users of Whitening products by age groups In addition the demographic that is among the biggest users are singles with 33% followed by divorced/separated with a 30%. College graduates and consumers with some college education are also among the biggest users of the whitening products both with 27% of the users. The biggest users of whitening products are the household with the highest income with income over $150,000 representing a 13% of its users. Households with income in the range of $100,000 to $149,999 represent the second highest users at 12% followed by the household income range of $40,000 to $49,999 and $75,000 to $99,000 both representing an 11% of the users. Users of whitening products by household income Among the...
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...China – “The Middle Kingdom” China in Mandarin Chinese in called Zhangguo, this really means “Middle Kingdom” when it is translated into English. The term Zhanggou originated from the Zhou dynasty’s belief that China was the center of civilizations in there part of the world, in which they truly were. They were not aware that in the western hemisphere of the world there were civilizations as well. It was not until the 1900’s that they firmly believed that they were the center of the world and what was surrounding them were savages. The term middle kingdom that China had adopted was surrounded by a firm belief. One of the biggest ones was on how they worked together and contributed much to their modern attitude towards the global economy. Most believe that China was slow to industrialize. That it could have done so a lot faster. Eventually all of those developed nations shifted from working on agriculture to skilled manufacturers who worked in facilities. The only thing that seemed to hold China back was the fact that there policies favored agriculture. Working with their hands doing manual labor on the land had always been good to them. Many great historians give credit to the different belief systems that both China and Europe, their late arrival into industrialization against that of Britain and other European countries. The part of Chinas main beliefs that held true even to this day is that of family. Traditionally you find more families in...
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...The average life expectancy in MEDCs is rising. This is due to: * improvements in health care and medicine * increased leisure and recreation time * improved knowledge about the importance of a balanced diet and regular exercise * improved living standards and quality of life Birth rates in MEDCs are falling as people choose to have smaller families later in life. Contraception is easily available and well understood. An ageing population * As people live longer, the structure of a population changes. * Many MEDCs are now experiencing a significant increase in the number of elderly people as a proportion of the population. * As birth rates fall and people have smaller families, the number of young dependants is falling and the number of elderly dependants is rising. * In the near future this will mean that there are fewer economically active people to support the elderly population. * To try to balance out an ageing population, some countries adopt a pro-natalist policy - that is, they encourage people to have more children by offering them benefits, such as access to childcare and maternity leave. * a cash incentive of £675 monthly (nearly the minimum wage) for a mother to stay off work for one year following the birth of her third child * the 'carte famille nombreuse' (large family card), giving large reductions on train fares * income tax based on the more children the less tax to pay * three years paid parental leave...
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...DeVry University Environmental Science Professor Michael O’Shea Human Population in Developing Countries Venezuela Venezuela Venezuela is formally known as the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. It is positioned on the northern coast of South America. The region is about 353,841 square miles. It is a state with enormously great biodiversity. Environments range from the Andes Mountains in the west, the Amazon Basin rainforest in the south, the Caribbean coast in the center, and the Orinoco River Delta in the East. Venezuela is amid the most established countries in Latin America, massive quantities of the population live in cities. From the time when oil was discovered, it has been the world’s top exporters and has the biggest oil reserves. Currently, Venezuela’s economy is in a sturdy degree of decay and the crime rate has harshly amplified and is among the highest in the world. According to the World Population Prospects the total population was 28,980,000 in 2010, related to only 5,094,000 in 1950. When looking closely at the population the annual growth rate is about 1.46%. The amount of kids under the age of 15 was about 29.5%, 64.9% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 5.6% was 65 years or older. There are four factors that impact population growth rate they include: birth rates, death rates, emigration, and immigration. The birth rate is typically the lead aspect in defining the rate of population growth. It hinges on both the level of fertility and the...
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