...language allows different kinds of variations: geographical or territorial, perhaps the most obvious, stylistic, the difference between the written and the spoken form of the standard national language and others. It is the national language of England proper, the USA, Australia, New Zealand and some provinces of Canada. It is the official language of Wales, Scotland, in Gibraltar and on the island of Malta. Modern linguistics distinguishes territorial variants of a national language and local dialects. Variants of a language are regional varieties of a standard literary language characterized by some minor peculiarities in the sound system, vocabulary and grammar and by their own literary norms. Standard English – the official language of Great Britain taught at schools and universities, used by the press, the radio and the television and spoken by educated people may be defined as that form of English which is current and literary, substantially uniform and recognized as acceptable wherever English is spoken or understood. Its vocabulary is contrasted to dialect words or dialectisms belonging to various local dialects. Local dialects are varieties of the English language peculiar to some districts and having no normalized literary form. Regional varieties possessing a literary form are called variants. Dialects are said to undergo rapid changes under the pressure of Standard English taught at schools and the speech habits cultivated by radio, television and cinema. ...
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...communicate and interact, and therefore, it is social by nature, and understanding some part of that allows us to more reflectively use the language”. This paper is an applied linguistic article focusing on exploring the relation between socio-linguistics and language teaching. Although there are too much to discuss, the work mainly concerns with a quick look at social theories of language, a definition of sociolinguistics and three aspects of sociolinguistics which is believed to illustrate how sociolinguistics is relevant to the teaching of language. Introduction From the perspectives of theoretical linguists, especially in the traditional approaches in English language teaching, the teaching focuses on language structure including some form of language such as grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, or spelling to name a few. However, things have changed with the arrival of a new approach known as the Communicative Language Teaching, where the features of sociolinguistics in its relation with language teaching and learning are best illustrated. The Communicative Language Teaching has been built on the assumption that being successful in communicating in a second language involves more than just the grammatical competence. In fact, communicative competence (Canale & Swain, 1980) involves the knowledge of discourse and socio-cultural rules of language. That is to say, in order to be successful in real communication, it is important to know not only how to put together an utterance...
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...global market in the year 1990. The biggest plus of Marg is that they have developed separate accounting software for several industries particularly for Retail, Trade ...etc. The most renowned and successful of them is the software for Pharmaceutical industry. Around 6 lac users utilize the services of Marg products worldwide. ● ● ● Busy first came into limelight at the event IT Asia 1994 and then into the global market in the year 1997. The biggest plus of Busy is the inventory management function. Around 6 lac users utilize the services of Busy accounting software worldwide. ● ● ● Quickbooks is a versatile accounting software with exclusive versions for nations such as US, Canada, UK .. etc. The Indian version was established in the year 2005 and preferred by International corporate companies in the country. Around 1.3 million users utilize the services of Quicbooks products worldwide. Guess many would have been surprised by the exclusion of India's leading accounting...
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...rest of Asia. Arts refer to paintings, architecture, literature, music, dance, languages and cinema. In early India, most of the arts were derived Vedic influences. After the birth of contemporary Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism arts flourished under the patronage of kings and emperors. The coming of Islam spawned a whole new era of Indian architecture and art. Finally the British brought their own Gothic and Roman influences and fused it with the Indian style. They have a culture infusion in their art. Contents [hide] 1 Architecture 2 Literature 3 Music 4 Dance 5 Sculpture 6 Painting 7 Cinema 8 Radio 9 Television 9.1 Major events 9.2 Professional events 9.3 Amateur events 10 References 11 External links Architecture[edit] Main article: Architecture of India This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information. Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. (October 2009) Indian architecture is that vast tapestry of production of the Indian subcontinent that encompasses a multitude of expressions over space and time, transformed by the forces of history considered unique to the sub-continent, sometimes destroying, but most of the time absorbing. The result is an evolving range of architectural production that nonetheless retains a certain amount of continuity across history...
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...In The Call of the Wild, John Thorton, Buck’s one and only true master, is killed by an Indian group called the Yeehats (London 80). Walt Taylor, historian about the Battle of Wounded Knee, explains why the Indians may have reacted with such hostility towards the whites. When the settlers came, they tried to redeem the Indians from their “crazy” religions. They eventually got frustrated that their efforts did not prevail and decided to overthrow the Indians. The settlers put the Indians on reservations. After the Indians had finally settled on these reservations, the Whites found out that there was a chance that there might be gold on the Indian reservations. They decided to overthrow the Indians again. They were successful in kicking the Indians off of their reservations and moving them elsewhere (Taylor). In The Call of the Wild, the “whites” are the gold seekers that Buck carries. The lack of Indian references throughout the book shows the dominance of the white gold seekers over the...
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...|History of Patois (wi dialect) princess black | |[pic] | |(It long but I think it could give us a brief history of de patois) | | | |Creole languages are found all over the world on every continent. When two or more languages come into contact to form a new | |language a Creole language is born. Some type of human "upheaval" that forces people to find a way to communicate, without using | |their own languages, stimulates the creation of a Creole language. In the case of Creole languages in the Caribbean, the | |"upheaval" is the past history of slavery. Most Creole languages are based on one language. In Jamaica the African slaves were | |thrown into a situation where the only common means of communication was English, or at least broken English, therefor Jamaican | |Creole has a majority of its roots in English (Sebba 1, 1996). Essential words which people could not find an English name for, | |such as people, things (like plants and animals) and activities (especially religious ones) were taken from a variety of West | |African languages. ...
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...of third largest economy. There are five learning objectives I will research in addition to the required four research questions. First of all, I want to explore the overall business culture of India. There are different perceptions of ethical business practices throughout the world. Second, I will research the role the Indian government plays in conducting business. Third, the differences in the United States labor market and India’s labor market. Next, I will determine if India is going to be of any threat to the US economy in future. Last of all, I will explore the business laws and regulations of the Indian economy. What are the major elements and dimensions of culture in India? Communication, relationships, culture and hierarchy are the major elements of culture within the nation of India. “While English is spoken by many Indians, especially in the business and academic communities and in the cities, there are numerous languages and dialects spoken. Hindi is the first language of approximately 40 percent of the population, but there are 15 other “official” languages recognized by the government and more than 400 spoken languages and dialects” (James 2013). Business relationships in India are...
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...MN Native Americans In Minnesota there are 11 federally recognized Indian reservations. Seven of these reservations belong to the Ojibwe Indians: White Earth, Leech Lake, Red Lake, Bois Fort, Grand Portage, Fond du Lac, and Mille Lacs (Guise). The other four reservations belong to the Dakota Sioux Indians: Upper Sioux, Lower Sioux, Shakopee Mdewakanton and Prairie Island (Guise). The Ojibwe (or Anishinaabe) Indians are one of the largest Native American groups in North America (Treuer, 2010, p.5). I decided to focus my paper on learning more about the history, traditions, education and language of the Ojibwe people. History Ojibwe people originally lived in the northeastern part of North America, where their ancestors were known as the...
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...first encountered love, nurturance and joy. On the other hand, most teachers of those African-American children who have been least well-served by educational systems believe that their students' life chances will be further hampered if they do not learn Standard English. In the stratified society in which we live, they are absolutely correct. While having access to the politically mandated language form will not, by any means, guarantee economic success (witness the growing numbers of unemployed African Americans holding doctorates), not having access will almost certainly guarantee failure. So what must teachers do? Should they spend their time relentlessly "correcting" their Ebonics-speaking children's language so that it might conform to what we have learned to refer to as Standard English? Despite good intentions, constant correction seldom has the desired effect. Such correction increases cognitive monitoring of speech, thereby making talking difficult. To illustrate, I have frequently taught a relatively simple new "dialect" to classes of pre-service teachers. In this dialect, the phonetic element "iz" is added...
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...in a film known as The Adventures of Fong Sai-Yuk (Kato, 2012). The first directors choreographed the fights to become more realistic on screen. The genre reached its heights in the 1970s and overtook some of the most famous genres of the time. Today, Kung Fu has reached international audiences across the world. The genre is mainly produced Hong Kong, main land china japan and India. This paper looks at the genre as produced in these countries, contrasts and compares them. Characteristics of kung Fu movies in Hong Kong, main land china japan and India The Hong Kong Kung Fu films combine action, mainly as codified by Hollywood, and Chinese storytelling. This is interwoven with aesthetic traditions, which combine to create a distinctive form that has a wide transcultural appeal. However, over the last few years, the Hong Kong Kung Fu movies have been greatly influenced by American and European action styles. In the early years, the Hong Kong Kung Fu movies drew heavily upon the wuxia fighting style (Fu & Desser, 2000). This style emphasized mysticism and swordplay. With political intervention, the style was suppressed in the 1930s. The modern Hong Kong Kung Fu films are...
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...Native Americans, such as the Powhatan Confederacy of Virginia, once thrived along the Hudson Bay area. This Confederacy consisted of twenty-eight to thirty-two different tribes, who all spoke a dialect form of the Algonquian Language. The Algonquian Language originated from the Algic Language. This language bade consisted of forty-four different sub-languages, all of which fell under the sub-language Algonquian except for two (Thompson, 2014). The Algic Language originated from Proto-Algonquian, which is the original form of all Algonquian Languages, and dates back 3,000 years (Thompson, 2014). Currently the origins of where this language first originated from or how it came about are unknown. Europeans became the first to encounter this language around 1584, when settlers began arriving in the New World (Rountree, 2014). The Algonquian Language consisted of several different sub-languages; to which different forms were spoken; dependent on the region a tribe was located. The Powhatan Confederacy spoke an Eastern form of the language, which consisted of at least fifteen different dialects (Rountree, 2014). Like the English Language today, you have your northern English that would sound proper to persons from the south who speak a southern English, and vice versa. Records that link dialects, or that state which languages...
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...PUBLIC SPEAKING Title : The Rao Tribe THE RAO TRIBE Introduction: Malaysia as we know it is one of the multi-racial country. Among the three main races in Malaysia Chinese, Malays and Indians have lived in this land for five centuries. In addition, about 80 ethnic and six sub - ethnic groups, especially in East Malaysia . But 1 out of 6 sub-ethnic, have special customs, speech, traditions and food . So i ,Rizwana Bt Jurij as “Oghang Rao” will introduce my tribe to you. The title I will present is "the Rao Tribe".Rawa or Rao is a term given to a Malay community living in the Malay Peninsula, now the West Malaysia. It is common for the Rao to identify themselves as Oghang Rao or even Rao. Rao is a group of community people Minangkabau , which adopts a matrilineal and tribes live. Content: 1. Main point: Rao became public appeal LUHAK Nan Tigo , since the discovery of gold mines in the area. a. Subpoint : Since then the flock, the people of Agamand Lima Puluh Kota to live here. In the mid-18th century, many of the people who migrated to Rao Tapanuli to be a teacher and trader. They are also down Rokan River and Kampar , to go wander to Riau and continue to Malaysia . i. Sub – subpoint : In Malaysia, most of them settled in Negeri Sembilan , Pahang and Perak . Gopeng, one small town in Perak, a place inhabited Rao Diaspora origin. 2. Main point : Initial migrants in 5th century were farmers. b. Subpoint : The liberal commercial climate...
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...Modern English What are the distinguishing characteristics (grammar, vocabulary and writing system of this period?) Student : Dardan Palucaj Modern English is the form of the English language spoken since the Great Vowel Shift in England, which began in the late 15th century and was completed in roughly 1550. With some differences in vocabulary, texts from the early 17th century, such as the works of William Shakespeare and the King James Bible, are considered to be in Modern English, or more specifically, are referred to as using Early Modern English or Elizabethan English. English was adopted in regions around the world, such as North America, the Indian subcontinent, Africa, Australia and New Zealand through colonization by the British Empire. Modern English has a large number of dialects spoken in diverse countries throughout the world. This includes American English, Australian English, British English, Canadian English, Caribbean English, Hiberno-English, Indo-Pakistani English, Nigerian English, Philippine English, Singaporean English, and South African English. compounds formed from Greek & Latin elements: The same method may be employed in forming words elements derived from Greek and Latin. Eugenics is formed with 2 Greek roots, eu-meaning well, and yes-meaning to born. The world therefore means well born and is applied to the efforts to bring about well born offspring...
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...languages which are protected by rich cultural heritage. A majority of their cultural attributes can be traced to the dominance of Hinduism in the country. Religion is an important aspect of life and must be respected in order to maintain successful business relationships (Communicaid). A traditional caste system still influences the hierarchical structure of business practices in India, regardless of its elimination. Their decision making processes are heavily influenced by Fatalism and the reliance on spirituality (Communicaid). Combining Karma and the belief in "everything happens for a reason" both influence a native’s concept of time and space. Business negotiations are never rushed and more often than not, run longer than planned. Indian culture represents collectivist characteristics. There is a strong sense of community and group orientation that overlaps from personal to business life. As a result, an individual can lack privacy and personal space on a daily basis. Most communication is indirect placing importance on interpersonal contacts. Ideas may not be literal as one should rely on context cues for interpretation. India has a high-context culture combined with high power distance. Employees may be too afraid to express their doubts or disagreements with higher level officials. Language Spoken: While interacting with the people of India, one could run into 21 different official languages including: Hindi, Urdu, Tamil, Bengali, Kashmiri as well as English. Because...
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...Kalajdzic Bojan 212200694 kala6467@uni-landau.de The book I am about to review is written by Peter Trudgill and is called „Sociolinguistics - An Introduction to language and society (4th Edition)“. Product Details * Paperback: 240 pages * Publisher: Penguin Books; Fourth Edition edition (August 1, 2001) * Language: English * ISBN-10: 0140289216 About the Author Peter Trudgill is professor of English linguistics at Fribourg, Switzerland. An author of many books and articles on sociolinguistics and dialectology, he has carried out linguistic fieldwork in most countries. Book description This is a classic book on a fascinating subject. Peter Trudgill examines the close link between language and society and the many factors that influence the way we speak. These range from gender, environment, age, race, class, region and politics. Trudgill's book surveys languages and societies from all over the world drawing on examples from Afrikaans to Yiddish. He has added a fascinating chapter on the development of a language as a result of a non-native speaker's use of it. Compelling and authoritative, this new edition of a bestselling book is set to redraw the boundaries of the study of sociolinguistics. Introduction The way we talk is deeply influenced by our class, sex and ethnic background. It can also have a profound effect on how we are perceived by others. In this fully updated edition of a classic text, Peter Trudgill explores the evidence –...
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