...Anthony Flores MAS 10A 12:00pm Professor Covarrubias, Professor Gamboa 10/15/14 SECTION ONE: Indigenous Mesoamerica b. To what extent has the history of Mesoamerica been taught from a Eurocentric perspective? What theories, ideas, and/or terminology are problematic when trying to assert an Indigenous perspective? (For example: Bering Strait, Malintzin, Cuauhtemoc, Human Sacrifice...there are many more examples!) In the United States the history of Mesoamerica has always been included in textbooks and lectures around the nation. The parts of the history that are included, however, are what is often put into question. While writing any piece or publishing any book there will always be a set bias. There is only so much you can include and many times what is chosen not to be included speaks more volumes then what is included. In secondary education one is taught the history of the Americas in a Eurocentric perspective. Many of the ugly truths are hidden and many of the people we were made to believe were American heroes would largely be construed as villains to many if all the facts were presented. This has a lot to do with why its is not universally presented in such a manner, as many of the facts and ideas paint the roots of the countries foundation as villainous and the indigenous perspective is very intricate to explain. While the barriers of the ideas and terminology may be present it is still inexplicable how the history of Mesoamerica is still taught in...
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...the conversion of the indigenous populations, which then led to a blending of the Catholic tradition with that of the indigenous religions. Catholicism became a part of everyday life for the populations of colonial Mexico and because Catholicism is a hierarchal religious tradition, it reinforced the pre-existing social class structure within the Spanish kingdom. The minorities continued to be excluded from certain aspects of society, including religious positions and education. Both of which were greatly influenced areas of colonial society by the Catholic Church. The church was deeply involved in most, if not all aspects of colonial Mexican life including influencing politics, education, and other local social issues. The Spanish conquest of the Americas was one of great expansion in more ways than one. The Spanish crown not only added new areas of the world to their kingdom but simultaneously spread Christianity throughout this New World. The Catholic Church, a powerful institution in its own right, with the dedicated word of European missionaries, the growth of the religion led to the conversion of much of the indigenous populations in the Americas. The missionaries built missions and had haciendas that created environments in which the Catholic religion was a fundamental incorporation of life, so as to convert the indigenous population. The missionaries also built schools and universities to educate the Spanish colonials. The University of Mexico was one of the first universities...
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...inrooted in the writings done by the Spanish. Espcially a figure whos name is Bartomlme Dailas Casis who was member of Dominican order and was writing in defense of indigouous people and indeed the cause of religion and proptization. He liked all members of churches was driven by political cocerns. Himself in fact had orgiannly been a Reconquista himself who enjoy spoiled of feudal rewards. Spanish interested in colonization. Antonio De Montesinos had a great influence Bartolom. Both of them asserted that the Spanish sovernty rested upon aboriginal people. Also meant their protection and guidance. This would emphasize Spanish brutallty and igore other major factors which wold play a major in the conquest itself. Included indigenous allies. Grandson Ferdenan Isabella asserted that indigenous people cannot be held in slavery and their own governments and recognize apart from Spanish empire. Also considered as wards of Spanish monarchy. Spanish crown stepped in governing any future conquest of indigenous people were to be conducted. This concluded the introduction of The Reconquista requirement. The White legend was able to acquire Christianity and was civilized. Got rid of human sacrifice by the Aztecs. The Spanish used indigenous people’s administrative records. Because indigenous people were integrated into governments. Republicas Deindios only priest can occupy these societies. Under the white legend it was believed all of their cultural practices were wiped...
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...Chapter Summary: The Spanish took over the Caribbean, Mexico, and Peru. They also wanted to conquer the Americas. Most of the native people were forced into slavery or they were swept away by the smallpox. Colonies were made in North America. The Europeans were beginning to mix with the indigenous people, even though there were still social and sexual hierarchies. Silver became quite important, so laborers were sent to mine for silver. There were three different labor systems; one came right after the other. Until the free laborer system got set in place. Europeans began settling in Australia, even though there wasn’t much trade going on at the time. Many more people traveled to the Pacific after Magellan and Captain Cook. I. Colliding Worlds...
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...Encounter I. Patterns of Indigenous Life 1. Geography and environment prompted Indigenous Americans to adopt different forms of social organization 1. Nonsedentary peoples 1. Mobile communities 2. Hunters and gatherers 3. Relatively simple social organization 4. Examples include 1. Chichimecas of northern Mexico 2. Pampas of Argentine grasslands 1. Semisedentary peoples 1. Often lived in forests 2. Relied on some agriculture as well as hunting 3. Built villages, but moved frequently 4. Employed “shifting cultivation” agriculture to take advantage of thin forest soil 5. Examples include Tupí people of Brazil 1. Fully sedentary 1. Permanent settlements 2. Often on high plateaus, rather than forests or grasslands 3. Stability allowed for complex societies 4. Employed irrigation to sustain agricultural base 5. Sometimes developed into city-states or empires 6. Highly stratified societies 7. Examples 1. Aztec empire 2. Maya empire 3. Inca empire 1. Empires of the Americas 1. Aztec empire 1. Aztec refers to the empire, not the people 2. In modern-day Mexico 3. Ruled by the Mexica people 4. Nahuatl-speaking ...
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...La Malinche played a crucial role in forming what is presently known as Mexico. During the century XVI the indigenous princess was born into an aristocratic family until she was sold “como un esclava a los aztecas.” Quickly the beauty and intelligence of La Malinche set herself apart from the other slaves. Thus when the Spanish conquistador, Hernan Cortes, arrived Malinche was presented as a useful present. Her previous knowledge of the Nahuah and Mayan languages and her rapid proficiency in Spanish made her Cortes’s ideal translator and consultant. La Malinche continuously proved her loyalty throughout the Spanish conquest. Not only did Malinche warn Cortes of possible ambushes (emboscadas) but she also convinced gente to form an alliance against Montezuma, the Aztec emperor. Over time, Malinche formed a relationship with Cortes and eventually gave birth to his son. The son of Malinche and Cortes marks beginning of the mestizo race, which dominates the population of Mexico in this day in age. Malinche “fue testigo del fin de una civilizacion y el augue de otra nueva y se convirtió en la madre simbólica del Nuevo group étnico” que shapes Mexico today. The role of La Malinche in the construction of present day Mexico is both revered and condemned. Historically, the consensus was that the traitorous alliance between Malinche and the Spanish conquerors was unforgivable. Recently, however, many have attempted to rewrite the unjust reputation of la “Eva Mexicana...
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...Mexico is located in North America the capital is Mexico City. Mexico borders North by the United States and Southeast by Belize and Guatemala. Mexico also borders, West by the Pacific Ocean and East by the Gulf of Mexico. As of 2018, the current population is 131.9 million. The current female population is 66.8 million that makes up 50.7% of the population and the male population is 65 million, which makes up 49.3% of the population. The growth rate is 1.37% and the life expectancy is 76 years. The official language is Spanish. Mexico is the country with the most Spanish speakers in the world. Spanish is 92.7% and indigenous languages 5.7%, indigenous 0.8% and unspecified is 0.8%. Indigenous languages include various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional languages. As for religion, the majority are Roman Catholic at 82.7%, Pentecostal 1.6%, Jehovah’s Witness 1.4%, other Evangelical Churches 5%, other 1.9%, none 4.7% and unspecified 2.7%. As for climate, Mexico has a rainy and dry season. During May through September or October its rainy season, which increases the risk of tropical storms and hurricanes. During the rest of the year it’s less or no rain. Temperature varies from 43ºF to 80ªF...
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...and the racialization of the Mexican population living in the Southwest. In 1848 the United States and Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ending the Mexican America War. The United States government stated that Mexicans who lived within the newly controlled territory of the Southwest would become American citizens. However, a year later after the treaty had been signed, the United States government lied and broke its promise of allowing equality to the newly controlled Mexican population living within the southwest. California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas were some of the states newly controlled by the United States government. The United States government began the process of...
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...divided passage that attests the unpredictability of living in the psychic, social, and social territory some place in the middle of México and the United States. With Gloria Anzaldúa calling the United States/Mexico border "una herida abierta", an open wound, is actually justifiable. The agony and delight of the borderlands, maybe no more noteworthy or lesser than the feelings mixed by living anyplace contradictions proliferate, societies conflict and merge, and life is existed on an edge; which originate from a wound that won't mend but is perpetually recuperating. These grounds have dependably been here; the waterway of individuals has streamed for a considerable length...
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...Developing Countries Many people confuse the term of developing nation and third world country. Some countries have a more developed economic system, but that does not mean it is a third world country. Other people try to use these terms as a ranking scheme for the states of developing countries according to the One World Nations page. The web page dictionary.com describes a third world country as “country is a country in which the predominant culture and society is made up of mostly minority groups and where poverty is abundant”. The only difference between a developing country and a third world country is the ability or the chance the country has to come up from the economic instability they are in. An example of a developing country is Mexico. Mexico has been struggling for a long time already to come up from that developing phase. Many people might think that Mexico is not one of the many developing countries, but it is. Mexico has the six characteristics that define a developing country the first one being low levels of living standards. During the mid-90s, there was a huge problem with the indigenous people that still live in Oaxaca Mexico. The Mexican government wanted to take their lands away to build manufacturing companies there. Most of the people that lived there were poor and their only way of creating income was by the form of agriculture which is the second characteristic of developing countries. They did not receive much help from the government for their schools...
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...North America, part of the Americas, was named after Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci. Though all of the regions have very different histories, the people all most likely originated from the same area. Nomadic civilizations first migrated through the Bering Strait into Canada. These first people in Canada included the Inuit, the Iroquois, and the Sioux. Europeans first discovered the continent when they reached what is now Greenland and continued traveling south. Jacques Cartier named the country Canada after the enslaved guides spoke the word kanata, the Iroquoian word for village. The French were the first to set up settlements in Canada in 1604. Throughout the 1700s, French and British forces were trying to gain the most land in North America. This lead to the British gaining Canada in 1759. Canada ultimately gained independence in 1867. The country grew from coast to coast over the next one hundred years to become large country that it is today....
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...THE EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY: COMPARING COMMUNICATION METHODS OF MODERN SOCIAL NETWORKS TO RURAL INDIGENOUS GROUPS [DO NOT CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE AUTHORS] 1 ABSTRACT “It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity” (Einstein 1875-1955). This quote by Albert Einstein shows the vast technology changes experienced by humanity. The early indigenous tribes and groups had developed systems of communication and networks to conduct their daily activities (ie. trade, etc) with the use of technological resources which were far inferior compared to modern day. They created social networks to communicate and share common interests during their interactions. A social network defined is a social structure that encompasses individuals and organizations who become connected through sharing of common interests, for example in friendship, beliefs, knowledge, etc. In the modern era, post 1950s, humankind had begun to see a sharp climb in technology uses to ease daily tasks and activities. They created a social structure such that much of the interaction and creation of social networks revolves around the use of technology as a resource. Technology in the modern era has begun to be viewed as a means of effective communication and function for a majority of individuals. The comparison between rural indigenous groups of the past and the modern era communication methods can be studied to see whether technology has increased level of communication. ...
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...the state of Jalisco, “Cocula” is a famous town that according to tradition, it was here where the musical proposal of Mariachi was born. The term “Mariachi” remains uncertain, but it is believed to derive from the word “coca”, name of a wooden platform where the natives performed their dances or “zapateados”. During the Pre-Hispanic era, “Cocula” became a fascinating place for music. The ability of the indigenous to connect and play their rustic instruments to "feel close" to their main gods “Cocolli” and “Teocáyatl” was captivating. Indigenous music was played for special occasions like weddings and religious celebrations using instruments like horns and drums. By the time the Spanish arrived in these lands,...
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...ASSESSING THE POWER OF PORTER'S DIAMOND MODEL IN THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN MEXICO AFTER TEN YEARS OF NAFTA SALVADOR BARRAGAN Master in Business Administration, IPADE Business School, 1996 BSc in Industrial Engineering, Universidad Panamericana, 1994 A Research Project Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of the University of Lethbridge in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MANAGEMENT Faculty of Management University of Lethbridge LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, CANADA © Salvador Barragán, 2005 ii Abstract It has been ten years since the signature of the NAFTA agreement among Canada, U.S., and Mexico. For Mexico, this was a decisive step away from a protectionism model toward a free trade market. One of the main purposes for Mexico in joining NAFTA was to increase the competitiveness of its manufacturing sector, especially the automotive industry. In this paper, Porter’s Diamond Model of national competitiveness and some critiques that attempt to extend the usefulness of the model are analyzed. The Doubled Diamond and the role of MNEs in a host country are both examined through a case study research of the foreign-owned automobile industry in Mexico. The findings of this study show evidence of a broader role of MNEs than in the original framework, as well as the usefulness of the doubled diamond extension to explain alternative sources of competitiveness in early stages of development. iii Acknowledgments...
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...national symbol “La Virgen de Guadalupe” to unite the country. Nowadays, Mexico is facing one of its hardest periods of all times. As the drug war is taking control over the whole country, other major problems such as insecurity, unemployment and poverty are taking part of Mexicans lifestyle. This had lead to a series of internal problems that have caused the population to distrust the government and try to find a solution to all these problems from a different source: faith. Mexico’s national identity has always been recognized as being one of the strongest and most distinguished identities in the world, with a united and rich culture, full of beliefs, memories, history and symbols; Mexican culture was something Mexicans always felt very proud about. But with such problems affecting the country, Mexico needs more than ever maintain this feeling of feeling proud about being Mexicans, to start being positive about things getting better and continue improving in order grow and share their culture they are very proud about. The media is always playing an important role in Mexican’s lifestyle. In this case, we choose to make the example of Mexican Television and how it has played an important role reinforcing national identity with a known Mexican symbol “ The Virgin of Guadalupe”, a symbol that is full of history and which has united Mexicans before. We will analyze the way that the media in Mexico has taken this religious symbol with the purpose to increase the confidence...
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