...ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON LIFE SATISFACTION IN THE ELDERLY PERSONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO AND INFLUENCE LIFE SATISFACTION DURING LATE ADULTHOOD ASSIGNMENT 4 FOR PYC4805 UNIQUE NUMBER: 714714 STUDENT 3350-133-5 JULY 2013 PYC4805 ASSIGNMENT 4 - Page 1 THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON LIFE SATISFACTION IN THE ELDERLY Table of Contents Page 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………… 3 2. Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 2.1 Environmental factors associated with life satisfaction………………………………….. 4 2.1.1 Social support…………………………………………………………………………… 4 2.1.2 Socioeconomic factors…………………………………………………………………. 4 2.1.3 Neighbourhood structure………………………………………………………………. 5 2.1.4 Facilities and resources………………………………………………………………... 5 2.1.5 Involvement in activities………………………………………………………………... 5 2.2 Individual factors and life satisfaction……………………………………………………... 6 2.2.1 Personality and character traits……………………………………………………….. 6 2.2.2 Physical health………………………………………………………………………….. 6 2.2.3 Financial resources…………………………………………………………………….. 7 2.2.4 Locus of control…………………………………………………………………………. 7 2.2.5 Personal autonomy…………………………………………………………………….. 7 2.2.6 Social engagement and sense of connectedness………………………………….. 7 3. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 4. References……………………………………………………………………………………….8 PYC4805 ASSIGNMENT 4 - Page 2 THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON LIFE SATISFACTION IN THE ELDERLY ...
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...and her writing ways to be labeled as subjective, Although subjective is it possible for her own thoughts and feelings to be greatly recognized and a source for her whole book? Didion believes so, if it makes oneself happy and helps her reach her conclusion and point. Didion also goes over social commentary on the association of marriage by implying in her tone that the class of a wedding equates to the validity of a marriage. “Marrying Absurd”, features Didion’s astound attitudes and thoughts towards marriages...
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...Society for the Study of Social Problems Social Stratification and Health: Education's Benefit beyond Economic Status and Social Origins Author(s): John R. Reynolds and Catherine E. Ross Source: Social Problems, Vol. 45, No. 2 (May, 1998), pp. 221-247 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the Society for the Study of Social Problems Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3097245 Accessed: 27/02/2009 14:10 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucal. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For...
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...so that some people have more money, power, and prestige that others.” (Macionis, 2012, p. 242) Like all societies, the United States is stratified, and this stratification is often based on a person’s socioeconomic status. The number of years a person spends in school, plus the prestige of his or her occupation, plus the amount of money he or she makes, determine one’s social class. While this method of dividing up the population into classes might be useful, it has several shortcomings. One determinant of socioeconomic status is education. People with a high school degree are classified in one group. People with college degrees are put into another. Using educational attainment levels to indicate SES is problematic for two reasons. School systems in this country are not uniform in quality and not everyone has equal access to primary, secondary, and higher education. The reliance on educational level as an indicator of social class becomes more problematic when one considers the huge variety of colleges in the United States. There are vocational schools, junior colleges, four-year colleges, and universities. Some colleges prepare individuals for specific careers, whereas others emphasize the development of intellectual and life skills. Occupational prestige is very subjective and varies from country to country. “In the United States, as in most industrialized societies, jobs requiring extensive schooling are considered the most prestigious.” (Ellis, 1993) Jobs requiring manual...
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...study mainly focused on eight of those participants. Of these eight, four were female, three were male, and one was transgender, all with varying ages. The independent variables of this study was the sexual orientation of the participants and the participants’ views on how they wanted to be represented in front of an audience. The dependent variables were the scripted scenes that would be performed by the group for a public audience. The main findings in this study was that the use of personal stories allows youth to engage in the change events described as the mechanism for positive identity development. “Identity development is about the evolving relationship between individual experiences, how these experiences comprise a cultural representation, and how these cultural representations then shape individual experiences” (Halverson, 663). In other words, the youth are able to build a social category that is no longer based on stereotypical...
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...Life satisfaction among older people (65+) with reduced self-care capacity: the relationship to social, health and financial aspects. Borg C, Hallberg IR, Blomqvist K. Source Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. christel.borg@bth.se Abstract AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at investigating life satisfaction and its relation to living conditions, overall health, self-care capacity, feeling lonely, physical activities and financial resources among people (65+) with reduced self-care capacity. BACKGROUND: Knowledge about factors related to low life satisfaction among older people with reduced self-care capacity is sparse, although this is important in health care and nursing so that the care is adapted to their needs and perspective. Previous research has mainly focused on isolated aspects such as pain in relation to life satisfaction among older people in general and less among so those with reduced self-care capacity in general. DESIGN AND METHOD: A subsample of 522 persons was selected from a randomly selected cross-sectional survey using a modified form of the Older Americans' Resources Schedule and Life Satisfaction Index Z. RESULTS: The mean age in the total sample was 77.9; women (79.5) were significantly older than men (77.0). Low life satisfaction was found among women, as well as those living in special accommodations. Life Satisfaction Index Z was 15.3 (SD 5.6) in the total sample. Gender and living conditions...
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...chances across a broad spectrum of social phenomenon from health care, to educational attainment, to participation in the political process, to contact with the criminal justice system. B. What is Social Stratification? Social stratification refers to the division of a society into layers (or strata) whose occupants have unequal access to social opportunities and rewards. People in the top strata enjoy power, prosperity, and prestige that are not available to other members of society; people in the bottom strata endure penalties that other members of society escape. In a stratified society, inequality is part of the social structure and passes from one generation to the next. C. What is a Class? People who occupy the same layer of the socioeconomic hierarchy are known as a social...
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...rather than “health care” to refer to clinical services, to avoid potential confusion between “health” and “health care.” The World Health Organization’s Commission on the Social Determinants of Health has defined SDH as “the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age” and “the fundamental drivers of these conditions.” The term “social determinants” often evokes factors such as health-related features of neighborhoods (e.g., walkability, recreational areas, and accessibility of healthful foods), which can influence health-related behaviors. Evidence has accumulated, however, pointing to socioeconomic factors such as income, wealth, and education as the fundamental causes of a wide range of health outcomes. This article broadly reviews some of the knowledge accumulated to date that highlights the importance of social—and particularly socioeconomic— factors in shaping health, and plausible pathways and biological mechanisms that may explain their effects. We also discuss challenges to advancing this knowledge and how they might be overcome. University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center on Social Disparities in Health, San Francisco, CA a University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Health and Community, San...
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...Childhood Obesity Veronica Titus ENG 122: English Composition II Prof. Matthew Norsworthy February 20, 2012 Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is a result of unhealthy food choices and not enough exercise. According to the Department of Health and Human Services, “children and adolescents are eating more food away from home and drinking more sugar- sweetened drinks, and snacking more frequently.” (Nutrition and eating habits, 2009) The department further explains,” Convenience has become a main criterion for American’s food choices.” (Nutrition and Eating habits, 2009) A family's socioeconomic status is based on family income, parental education level, parental occupation, and social status in the community. (Demarest, E.J., Reisner E.R., Anderson L.M., Humphrey D.C., Farquhar E., and Stein, S.E. 1993) Socioeconomic status and limited physical activity are the biggest factors in childhood obesity. The Forum on Public Policy reports, “Obesity appears to be more prevalent in the low SES segments of American society regardless of the type of community.(Forum on Public Policy, 2008) This crisis is now being referred to as an epidemic. “In children today, obesity is the most common metabolic and nutritional disease, where 30 years ago, obesity was rarely seen in children. (Ahmad, Ahmad, & Ahmad. 2010). A child in their adolescent years tends to mirror the parents in the home. If the adult is overweight, usually the child tends to be overweight as well. One of the...
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...discussing children whose parents are going through a divorce, well-being refers to his or her overall physical health and emotional stability. Researchers would argue that well-being is much more than that and could be defined more biologically, psychologically and/or economically. I believe well-being refers to a person’s quality of life. Success and happiness signify a high quality of life while disappointments signify a lower quality of life. A joyful person has a positive well-being compared to a distressed person. Well being has the potential to affect many areas in a person’s life. Some examples are: health, income, career opportunities, emotional stability and relationships. The importance level of theses factors varies amongst individuals but they are all very significant. A study conducted by the Royal Society, which is composed of the world's most eminent scientists, looks at the term on a biological level. The core of well-being contributes to the effective functioning of multiple biological systems, which may help keep the organism from succumbing to disease or when illness or adversity occurs, may help promote rapid recovery (Love, Ryff, & Singer, 1383). Well-being is defined as having the ability to maintain a strong immune system and easily fight off illnesses. When a child’s parents go through with a divorce the preceding stress has an immediate result for the entire family. When a typical human is severely stressed, children especially because their...
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...Scientific Merit Sharon Morrow PSY7650 Introduction The study discussed in this paper is attempting to determine if there is a connection between age and gender and these individuals’ well-being and satisfaction as it relates to their job. This study included both men and women of various ages, various educational differences, and of various work or job positions within the corporate and industrial realms. This study is a quantitative study that investigates an avenue to develop a plausible explanation for the connection between age and gender and these individuals’ job well –being and satisfaction. In addition, the study looks for this connection to be a generalized concept that can relate to other individuals in other regions and places. We will look at how the study advances the knowledge base for this type of research, this study’s contribution to theories, the procedure of data collection and if this is appropriate for this type of study, the methodology used for this study, and assess the validity and reliability of the information and the research study. Ethics will be another concept that will be examined. Ethics is a very prominent aspect of research and this study involves human participants so these individuals’ rights are of utmost importance. Lastly, the overall scientific merit of the study will be examined and how the study meets the criteria of a good research study. Advancing the Knowledge Base The topic that is covered by this study...
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...Phillip Nelson Journal of Political Economy Vol. 78, No. 2 (Mar. - Apr., 1970), pp. 311-329 The psychoanalytic theories and philosophies of Freud have influenced not only psychology but also literature, social science, and medicine, as well as marketing. Freud stressed the unconscious nature of personality and motivation and said that much , if not all ,behaviour is related to the stresses within the personality’s three interacting sets of forces, the id ,igo and superego, interact to produce behaviour. According to Freudian theory, the id is the source of all driving psychic energy, but its unrestrained impulses cannot be expressed without running afoul of society’s values.The superego is the internal is the internal representative of the traditional values and can be conceptualized as the moral arm of personality.The manner in which the ego guides the libidinal energies of the id and the moralistic demands of the superego accounts for the rich variety Harold H. Kassarjian Journal of Marketing Research Vol. 8, No. 4 (Nov., 1971), pp. 409-418 Personality and Consumer Behavior: A Review Abstract This article reviews the current literature in the fields of consumer behaviour and the marketing of services in order to examine the main issues facing the consumer in purchasing services, as opposed to goods. Five distinguishing characteristics of services are discussed and the implications of these for the consumers are placed within the information processing...
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...The findings matched the aims and objectives of the research. • Is there a discussion about how the research contributes new knowledge or understanding in the field? Answer: Yes, the discussion shows how the research can contribute to the use of standardized tests and student plus parent participation. Implications of research 12. Are the implications of the study clearly reported? Answer: Yes, the implications of the study are clearly reported. • Are the findings placed in the local context (geographical, cultural, political, and socioeconomic)? Answer: Yes and no. Yes, the geographical location is given but cultural, political and socioeconomics were not given. • Are the findings discussed in wider context (in relation to other studies on the same topic)? Answer: Yes, the findings were discussed in a wider context. For example the effects of standardized testing and teaching those students plus the effect on teachers and parents were discussed. • Have finding been disseminated to key stakeholders including Participants? Answer: No, the findings were not disseminated to key stake holders which include...
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...(Olson). The No Child Left Behind Act has a large part in setting high standards. The NCLB set the goal as having all students achieve high standards set by their state. With this act, those schools who do not meet their state-mandated standards are marked as low performance. If the school is underachieving for two years, funding is given to help raise test scores (cite the act). The funding and support should not have the goal to increase test scores, but rather to focus on educational goals and the student’s progress (Gunzenahuser, 2006). The funding does not appear to be to equivalent across socio-economic status as Tyack or Kozol demonstrated by listing out the budget per student. If we continue to the have lower budgets for those in low socioeconomic areas, we will only continue to contribute to the racial gaps. The school counties near mine had lower socioeconomic status and that was evident by their classroom environment, their textbooks, and other resources. The measurements used in high-stakes testing are not error-free and should only be used as one form in assessing a student’s achievement. The focus should not be on the measurement or the score, the focus should be on the student and their learning. About a month before the standardized exams, we all began SOL review sessions where we were taught to the test. With scheduled time to review for the standardized exams, it became clear how important these were mainly to the schools. The SOL oftentimes had no impact on the...
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...be held constant in the mind of this moments old baby as soon as he is mature enough to yearn and desire the concept of gain. America is widely believed to be a land of opportunity, so the concept of The American Dream is an ethos taken to heart in almost every being who respects America. Every day, people set out to achieve their full potential and succeed. Though, in America we are blessed with freedom, I feel the assumption that being free yields success and happiness is a false premise. I believe the only way to define true success of this ideal is unconditional happiness and success. To achieve this dream proves nearly impossible; as humans, we instinctively desire more. Success, like the concept of The American Dream, is truly subjective. We go to different colleges, have different majors, and surround ourselves with different people; how can success truly be defined? To me, The American Dream proves to be more hope and incentive to better yourself and your family for future generations to come. In respect to the subjectivity of the term, The American Dream will always mean different things to different people. As a planned Marketing major, I understand my career and future life to revolve around the concept of desire. All of my life, I have worked in Public Relations understanding the wants and needs of various people. Something that satisfies one person bears no relevance to the satisfaction of another. Through my experience, I have realized the unique nature of...
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