...Individualism The Opposite of Collectivism Individualists societies are those in which the interest of the individual prevails over the interest of the group, and in which people are accepted to look after themselves and their imigiate families. Or The habit or principle of being independent & self reliant . “A culture that celebrates individualism & Wealth” Or A Social theory favoring freedom of Action for Individual over collective or state control. :Encouragement has been given to individualism, Free Enterprise, an the pursuit of Profit. Or Synonyms of Individuals are Independence, Self Direction, Self Reliance, free thinking, Free though, Orginallity. Individualism Individual is the moral stance, Political Philosophy, Ideaology, or Social outlook that enfaces the moral worth of the individual. Individualist promote the exercises of one’s m goal’s & desire and so value Independence & Self reliance & evocate that interest of the individual should achieve precedence over the state or a social group, while opposing external interference upon once on interest by society or institutions such as the government. Individualism makes the Individual its focus and so starts “with the fundamental premise that the human individual is of primary importance in the struggle for liberation” Liberalism extentionalism and anarchism are examples of movements that take the human individual as a central unit of analysis. Individualism...
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...Results May Vary: Adam Phillips’s Theory of Cloning and The Paradoxical Apotheosis of Individualism Adam Phillips’s essay “Sameness Is All” takes the form of a dialogue with two children to introduce the fantasy of cloning in which everyone is identical. Specifically, Phillips observes that cloning is a “denial of difference and dependence” which leads to a “refusal of need” (92). However, Phillip remains mindful that such fantasy of physical or psychological sameness is implausible as everyone is different - even clones. One then questions the significance of such wanting of sameness, or if the sense of sameness serves any purpose. Using the concept of Self and Other that Joanne Finkelstein examines in “The Self as Sign,” I propose that the sense of sameness that is offered by the illusion of cloning allows one to establish a sense of identity. In a final analysis, I will elaborate on Finkelstein’s arguments on the Self and Other to shed light on the question posed by Philips on whether cloning was the death or apotheosis of individualism, and suggest that cloning has the paradoxical outcome of reinforcing individualism even as one seeks uniformity. Cloning is supposed to lead to conformity and uniformity, the absolute sameness. Phillips argues that cloning is appealing to society because it seems to represent a cure for “the terrors and delights of competition” (90-91). What is interesting, however, is the eventual admission by Phillips that this...
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...Individualism versus Collectivism Aungee Stevenson Beulah University Marketing MBA Professor Scott September 24, 2011 Individualism vs Collectivism America when remembered by its history was a place built upon freedom and was the logic of vast opportunities within a new country with innovation as its' first name. For more than 100 years America has been priding itself upon engaging and welcoming people from all over the world to its population by the very idea of individualism because the principle of the subject is the foundation of its' reasoning. As time has brought about changes that America never could have imagined somehow America has reverted itself slowly to its ' origin just as a clock would dial back the hands of time, capturing the original reason for fighting freedom, no individualism. Therefore, it is necessary to say that collectivism is back because it was never completely out of the picture but just waiting for greed to resurrect it and give it a new body. Individualism and collectivism are two items that pose major concerns in the world that we live today and can be contrasted based on the dilemma of disbanding one for the other including the thoughts of different races and their interpretations of the world today. Individualism holds that the individual is the primary unit of reality and the ultimate standard of value. This view does not deny that societies exist or that people benefit from living in them, but it sees society as...
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...Individualism as an American Cultural Value Individualism is often viewed as a positive trait in America, suggesting a certain level of personal confidence. American society tends to reward independent thinkers and those who decide autonomously. To this end, individuality has become a value in many American homes. Although individualism is widely received and respected in American culture, it is not as well respected in other cultures. One culture in particular which frowns on individualism is the Asian culture. Thai family values are very different from American family values. In Asian cultures the family unit is highly valued and emphasized, whereas, in American culture, the focus is on individuality. Values derived from the American family all suggest individuality by stressing autonomy and self-sufficiency of the individual members. In contrast, members of the Thai community are taught to embrace a “we” Identity. The individual does not stand alone, but is seen as the product of all generations of his or her family. One of America’s most prominent cultural values, as seen by Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel in her article Individualism as an American Cultural Value, is individuality. She believes that the way Americans are raised teaches them to become independent and individualistic in their everyday lives, unlike in Thai culture. One of the main values in the United States is individualism. Dr. Sponsel faced a cultural shock when she moved to Hawaii. Being born and raised...
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...The Evil Within In this novel, a group of British boys goes through a near death plane crash and they struggle to live without a leader. This results in bullying and fighting. The real character of the boys is demonstrated when all of their true emotions come out. Their hatred and immaturity makes it extremely hard to persuade the boys in any direction to do something. In the novel Lord of the Flies, William Golding uses symbolism to create the theme that society must depend on the ethical nature of individualism of the boys and not on a political system. In the novel, Piggy’s glasses represent clarity of each individual on the island and the making of what is right vs. what is wrong. Jack explains that Piggy’s “specs” can be “used as burning glasses” (Golding 40). This quote was being used...
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...Define individualism and explain its implications for the state. Individualism is the belief in the supreme importance of the individual over any collective body or social group. It stems from the liberal belief on human nature that humans are of a self-reliant and uphold a rational nature. Therefore, human beings within society should acquire freedom. Methodological individualism is the idea that with any policy that the government creates, it should be created with the individual’s wellbeing at the heart of it. The government should only make policies that would benefit the individual. This goes against Bentham’s idea of ‘the greater good for the greatest number’ as it highlights the belief of the individual themselves rather than society on a whole. Egoistical individualism which is favoured by Classical Liberals, upholds the belief that the government should have a ‘minimum role’ within society. It underpins the idea that the individual should be left alone to flourish their talents with only the ‘night watchmen’ overlooking small factors within society such as defence. Opposing this would be a Modern Liberal’s view who favour developmental individualism. This idea promotes self-flourishing which could lead on the self-realisation upon the individual’s talents. This would happen through the welfare state which would provide a means for the poor or socials disadvantaged to be empowered and realise their full potential allowing them to become experts within their...
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...Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual. Individualism is something thats makes a person one, giving them the right to be an individual, the freedom to equality. In the novel Anthem By Ayn Rand individualism is a central idea explored through the story. The main character Equality 7-2521 is living in a society where the concept of individuality is non existent, he is very curious about the world he lives in and the science and nature that surrounds it. But unfortunately it's a sin to think/wonder such things and that it's not good to be different from his brothers but it is evil to be superior to them. According to the text it states (Rand 6) “We...
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...I) -individualism is the belief in the supreme importance of the individual over any social group or collective body. For classic liberals, this is heavily associated with attempts to contract or minimise the state with a view to widen individual freedom and strengthen individual responsibility. -modern liberalism, aka '20th c lib' is a branch of liberal theory that emerged as a response to the spread of poverty ignorance and disease in the post-industrial era, stressing the importance of egoistical individualism, negative freedom, enabling state and economic management. -due to such developments, classic liberals have accused modern liberals of abandoning individualism and embracing collectivism, which is the belief that collective human endeavour is of greater moral & practical value to individual self striving and that human beings have a social core. Collectivism is commonly associated with pushing the state forward, as the state is a mechanism through which collective energies are harnessed and collective ends achieved. A) -Modern liberalism have been accused of embracing collectivism because of the extent to which which they are prepared to support government intervention in social/economic affairs via an 'enabling/interventionist state'. Classic liberals understand freedom in negative terms, believing the absence of external legal/physical constraints as a condition for autonomy, but recognise that some authority is needed via a neutral arbiter amongst egoistical individuals...
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...Individualism is usually discussed against some other term like communitarianism or collectivism. The extreme version of collectivism is "mass mind" or some other expression like that. The extreme of individualism is "sociopathy". Clearly, one wouldn't want to be the extreme of either of these things. Moral individualism is not absolutely good or bad. The moral individualist can stand up against a community's horrible moral standards for example. The sub-categories of utilitarian individualism and expressive individualism are also not necessarily good or bad. A utilitarian individualist may invent a cure for a disease to make a profit or to save a loved one -- good still comes from it. An expressive individualist may give to charity in order to gain a public reputation as a philanthropist. In the context of our own society, a lot of people are concerned with the effects of moral individualism, utilitarian individualism, and expressive individualism -- concerned that these orientations are being lived at the expense of community interests to a point at which they are harmful to collective life. Your task is to be familiar with these terms and have some sense of where you stand with respect to them. Your advocacy in one direction or other is not my primary concern -- I want you to know the terms and have an attitude with respect to them. Foundation of Ethical Conduct Order – patterned trajectories and relationships that have continuity in time. The importance...
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...If the Enlightenment was a movement which started among a tiny elite and slowly spread to make its influence felt throughout society, Romanticism was more widespread both in its origins and influence. No other intellectual/artistic movement has had comparable variety, reach, and staying power since the end of the Middle Ages. Beginning in Germany and England in the 1770s, by the 1820s it had swept through Europe, conquering at last even its most stubborn foe, the French. It traveled quickly to the Western Hemisphere, and in its musical form has triumphed around the globe, so that from London to Boston to Mexico City to Tokyo to Vladivostok to Oslo, the most popular orchestral music in the world is that of the romantic era. After almost a century of being attacked by the academic and professional world of Western formal concert music, the style has reasserted itself as neoromanticism in the concert halls. When John Williams created the sound of the future in Star Wars, it was the sound of 19th-century Romanticism--still the most popular style for epic film soundtracks. Beginning in the last decades of the 18th century, it transformed poetry, the novel, drama, painting, sculpture, all forms of concert music (especially opera), and ballet. It was deeply connected with the politics of the time, echoing people's fears, hopes, and aspirations. It was the voice of revolution at the beginning of the 19th century and the voice of the Establishment at the end of it. This last shift...
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...Jackie Ly Professor Jacoby English 205 Tuesday & Thursday 14 April 2013 Mid-term Exam In the article Deluded Individualism by Firmin Debrabander, he explains to the readers the conflicts of Individualism and how controversial this topic truly is in the eyes of Americans. Debrabander express his thoughts on individualism and how it is just a misleading belief American citizens have created to make themselves feel like they are truly individuals because they are capable of making their own choices and decisions. The speaker makes a valid and convincing argument on why he believes it is called Deluded Individualism rather than Individualism by providing proof related to politics and using Sigmund Freud, a famous figure in psychology, to prove his argument is indeed valid. Debrabander’s argument is profoundly persuading due to his use of evidence, the way he organize his essay, and the choice of words he used. Out of all the evidence Debrabander could have used, he chose to use the article, “Even Critics of the Safety Net Increasingly Depend on It”, because it would most likely relate to his targeted age group readers and because politics and government is controversial itself which fits in with the topic about Individualism. In addition to using politics as evidence, he also used theories of Sigmund Freud to further validate his argument by explaining to the readers the importance of the Ego and the Id and how it connects to the reason humans like to regard themselves as Individuals...
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...beliefs, standards, values, and behaviors of other individuals in society while inwardly opposed to the model of the displayed behaviors of other individuals as it relates to another individuals beliefs, value systems, and other variables that influence how an individual functions in society. Individualism and collectivism is arguably two topics that are the subjects of continued debate and for that reason, this paper provides a comparison and contrast of individualism and collectivism. Additionally the paper provides a description of variables supporting the significance in understanding cultural differences as the differences relate to individualism and collectivism. The understanding of individualism and collectivism bridges the gap of understanding the similarities and differences between the two topics, provides a clear picture of various cultures, and facilitates sensitivity, and tolerance (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, & Zechmeister, 2009). The ability to accomplish the sensitivity and tolerance portion allows for individualism and collectivism to be embraced and not feared. According to Segall, Dasen, Berry, and Poortinga (1999) a society can have an increase of individualism and collectivism or a smaller amount on both. “Because all human beings are parts of social entities (families, clans, ethnic groups, societies, etc.”) (Segall, Dasen, Berry, & Poortinga, 1999, p. 206). The practices and methodology of both concepts has come into play through people educating...
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...Exercise 1.1 Personal Choices in Decision Making Nicole Shafer University of the Potomac Negotiations Management (MGMT424) Sunday, February 21, 2016 (Tuesday, February 23, 2016) Will Walker Abstract Part one talks about the instructions of the exercise and my opinion towards it. The reason for choosing the answers that I did for each choice set. Part two talks about the scoring and categorizing myself under the individualistic column and why. The agreement with the scoring placement and what individualistic and individualism is. The third part talks about the management style of individualistic and the perspective of the employee and the manager. Exercise 1.1 Personal Choices in Decision Making Part 1 Making Personal Choices In the first part of the exercise you are given nine choices and you are to pick from A, B, or C options. The points represent something of value to you – each point is valuable to you, and so, the more points you accumulate the better for you. The same holds true for the other person: the more points the other person accumulates, the better for him or her. The other person would be considered an opponent but you have control over the amount of points the opponent receives and the amount you receive. I felt the exercise was strange because I had the influence over the amount of points I would receive and the amount of points the opponent would receive. I chose a lot of the choices in my favor because in the end I had the ultimate decision...
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...According to Trumbull & Rothstein-Fisch (2008), “Individualism encourages independence and achievement while collectivism emphasizes interdependence on the family and groups’ well-being. This struck me as I read the article because it seems that we need a balance of both for either to work effectively. Trumbull & Rothstein-Fish (2008), also state, “no culture or individual is completely individualistic or collectivistic”. Individualism-collectivism is a term that I have been aware of but had not analyzed it in terms of my teaching style. “This framework describes idealized models of two cultural value systems that implicitly shape people’s worldviews and parents’ developmental goals for their children” (Trumbull and Rothstein-Fisch, 2008). In my family’s background, things were modeled and then it was expected that I achieve solely by my own means. I could be shown how to do something or it could be explained to me however, the actually doing had to be totally me. I took this perspective when I attended college which pushed me toward the collectivistic view which I later applied in my classroom. Over my years of teaching I have learned many things that the textbooks did not teach but I learned by doing. One of the things that I learned through observation was that when students were allowed to work with a partner either by my selection or of their choice, students often grasped the concept or skill. When I have directed students to model their understanding of a concept or skill...
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...conducting an experiment in the tunnel, Equality 7-2521 rediscovered scientific method while doing research on electricity. He was able to invent the production of light using electricity. His approach while conducting the experiment spread to other aspects of life. The author’s formal critics where he kept a journal and he always asked questions about the society and the way it was blindly following individualism. His reasoning was exact in the way that the society views in regards to serving humanity was not at all correct, it was because no workers were experiencing fear more than happiness. The workers were understanding their emotional reactions in effort of discovering a solution to what they felt was a problem. Comparing to the activities of equality 7-2521, Anthem demonstrates the danger that comes with crazy reasoning. To be only scientific, they believed the idea that the earth is flat with it being the center of gravity and that it was a medical treatment to let men bleed with leaches. 4. Theme of Freedom against fear Comparing individualism with collectiveness, individualism leads to freedom while collectiveness leads to fear. This becomes very clear when the council of Home officially gets mad at Equality 7-2521 for singing. A council member informs him, "Indeed you are happy. How else can men be when they live for their brothers?" As a response, Equality realizes that the answer given was not as obvious as the reply given. He realizes a lot of opposing evidence from...
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