...Essay Industrial Revolution Elena Orlovskaya Industrial Revolution The economic history of the United States of America starts with the occurrence of industrialization, which, basically, meant switching from home production to plants and factories. The industrial revolution took place at the beginning of the XIXth century in most of the developed countries all over the world. Still it is considered more American phenomenon. This revolution changed the States so critically that I consider it to be the main factor that lead to the modern place of this country in the international environment. In my essay I will discuss some positive and negative aspects of the influence of industrialization on the United States. In my opinion the most constructive and crucial effect of the industrial revolution in America is change in people’s behavior. I believe labor is the only factor that is significant for development of any country. And the industrialization time in the States forced people to invent and implement everything they could imagine and construct in order to simplify the production process. There were very few scientists and specialists at that time in this country. So, every American had no other way to survive and earn money at that time and had to create, construct machines, build factories or work on factories. This changed the people’s psychology a lot. Till now, Americans consider new inventions, new machines and processes to be the only way for development of their...
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...Frederick Jackson turner developed a thesis called the frontier thesis where he conquers that the democracy of America was established by the Western frontier. He also stated that the democracy of America resulted from violence and the absence of interests in high culture. He continued to state that the Frontier land was acquired, and there was no need to establish institutions to attain it. His insistence on the frontier’s need to shape the country led to a pool of responses found in many articles. His works led to the use of social history as the underlying grounds for all socio-economic and political progress in the history of America. When Turner died, history departments were teaching frontier history based on his approach. For a long time, the history of America has been largely tied to the colonization history of the Great west. The presence of free land and the settlement of Americans to the west explain the progress of America. American institutions have been required to change with the increase of the diversity and population of people and facilitate the transformation from backward political and economic ways to civilization. Development in some nations has only taken place in some areas, but in America, development has been widespread. However, there is a frontier line still facing primitive conditions along the western part. Nevertheless, the history of America is not based on the western coast but the great west. Some primitive conditions such as slavery were related...
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...and Asia before 1492. - This process was called by Blaut: “Proto-capitalism.” So capitalism does not appear out of nowhere. It shifted its center from Indian Ocean to Europe = continuous process. Industrial revolution started later: symbolically situated in 1688 (overthrow of King James II in England by Parliamentary group) So... How did Capitalism develop more in Europe after 1492? - This is the main question of the chapter. Why did Europe discover America? Myth of adventuresome superiority in Europe. - Based on internal characteristics of Europe and giving no credit to non-Europeans. But they were trading in maritime centers just like everyone else. Technology superiority of Europe? Others had traveled long distances. Inventions were criss-crossing and Europeans did not have technological superiority in navigation. So why...??? Special progress in Europe? Nop... Europe in 1492 was “sluggish”. - Economic growth was slow and most likely negative. - Urbanization process was slow. In 1 or 2 decades progress and economic growth started to rise. - - Why??? So Why??? Geographic location. - Europe was simply closer to America and this was an advantage. Sailing conditions were better: winds were favorable. West-African traders were oriented towards east by land and alongside the coast. Marcos: but... why did they not go...
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...history of cotton, on one hand could understand the transformation of its trading pattern and the changing relationships between different countries, on the other hand can provide us a lens to know more about how cotton influences the rise and fall of states economy in India, Great Britain and in America before, during, and after the first and second industrial revolution. The more important is, cotton is a mirror to reflect the development of globalisation and global trading system in the world. Apart from understanding the development of industrial economy, Çalişkan (2010: 12) has another idea towards cotton as considering cotton is the “source of power” and led the “colonial struggles” at that time. The colonial power in fact was involved in the process of cotton plantation as the colonisers employ their colonial power to control salves and the lands in their colonies in order to serve interests of the coloniser. Since the slave is one of the indispensable parts in the textile production chain as responsible to grow and collect cotton, the law implementation of anti-slavery in America has created an obstruction to the cotton trading, and again influence the global trading system and the states economy. It can be seen that the relations of cotton trading, planting and manufacturing is tightly connected and indivisible, therefore, the study on cotton is essential to show the complexity of the early global trading, and the transformation of...
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...History The Post Civil War marked an economic transformation of the United States. With the unprecedented surge in immigration and urbanization, American society was now in transition. A transition that included the most influential third political party movement ever. Major aspects of industrialization during 1865 and 1920 that influenced U.S. society, economy, and politics One key to the rite of the industrial economy was the expansion of railroads. The First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States was built in the 1860’s. Linking the well-developed railway network of the eastern coast with rapidly growing California. Construction on the first transcontinental railroad began after President Abraham Lincoln approved the Pacific Railway Act of 1862, a landmark that authorized the federal government to financially back the construction of a transcontinental railroad. Lincoln felt the transcontinental railroad was a necessity, an idea whose time had come (HUL 2014). With the development of the transcontinental railroad spurred a major economic growth. The true economic impact of the railroad may never be known, but one thing is for certain: It was dramatic. The flow of goods over the line after the first full year of operation was around $50 million in 1869 dollars (Friedman 2010). Individuals felt the joining of America, economically, geographically and totally was complete. But with the development...
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...CHAPTER The Industrial Age 17 Learning Outcomes After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following: LO 1 Describe and discuss the development of the Industrial Revolution in America after the Civil War, concentrating on the major industries and their leaders. LO 2 Explain why the late 1800s in America have sometimes been called the “Age of Innovation.” LO 3 Describe how America’s regional and local markets merged into one truly national market, and how this influenced the consumer demand for products and services. 9781133438212, HIST2, Volume 2, Kevin M. Schultz - © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. No distribution allowed without express authorization “ The world that had consisted of small farms, artisans’ workshops, and small factories transformed into a full-scale industrial society. ” The Art Archive / Culver Pictures As the process of ensuring political, economic, and social rights of African Americans waned during the 1870s, most Americans turned their attenNo invention had more lasting impact than the incandestion to another transformacent light bulb. tion brought on by the Civil Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree War: the Industrial Revolution. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 During the half-century between 1865 and 1915, the United States evolved from a relative economic backwater to become the most powerful economy in the world. Industrialization played a key role in the nation’s advances, and both the Civil War and a core group...
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...The Impact of Industrialization in America During the eighteenth century, the world began to change. The Industrial Revolution began in the United Kingdom, with major developments in technology, agriculture, transport, mining, and manufacturing. Before the shift to powered machinery, basic machines and hand tools were used in people’s homes for manufacturing. The transition to industrialization had an influence on nearly every aspect of daily life. After the Civil War, industrialization spread to North America and the increasing number of factories transformed the United States from an agricultural to an urban nation, causing dramatic shift in the society, economy, and politics of the country. American industrialization impacted immigration, urbanization, and the growth of big businesses. The increasing number of factories created a higher labor demand. Immigrants, mainly from Europe and China, settled in the U.S. to take advantage of the work opportunities. In response to the factory worker demand, “America experienced an immigration boom, ‘the Great Wave,’ during which immigration averaged 600,000 annually… primarily by European immigrants; particularly, in its second half, with immigrants from southern and eastern Europe” (Progressives for Immigration Reform, 2012-2014). Immigrants were attracted by the idea of being able to support their families, which was an opportunity lacking in their home countries. However, Americans, despite the cheap labor, became overwhelmed...
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...How industrial capitalism has transformed work, its gendered character and its gendering effects The founding fathers those good old boys, always knew where a women’s place was. These Upper-middle class white men were the founder of beliefs that are imbedded in our makeup that created separate sphere and gender role for men and women. That saying a “Women’s place is in the home”, that belief has been in our make up for generations. When the Industrial revolution arrived things changed, it’s transformed the idea of work to outside the home. The result eventually transforms society as a whole. The industrial Revolution is without question one of the most important transformation in human history. With the separation of job opportunities by gender, the effects that our gender plays in the employment opportunities that are available to us. The text states, “The shift of production from homes during the industrialization transformed men into wage laborers who left home each day for jobs. The decline of domestic production, in turn, robbed women of the role of breadwinning, and left them with the invisible and socially devalued tasks as housekeeping and child rearing. Thus in the wake of industrialization, women found themselves with limited options. Because social norms and job discrimination curtailed their participation in the labor force. “ This Ideology of separate spheres was born among the English upper-middle class, called for the separation of family life from paid work...
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...system is complex and very different from “what it used to be”. The America health care system has not only undergone drastic changes, but also continues to evolve. The spiraling cost of health in the United States of America is evidenced by both per capita expenditures, and also by measuring health care health care expenditures in relationship to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In 1960 the National Health Care Expenditures in billions was $26.9 and per capita was $141, but we can see the drastic difference that in 1996 the expenditures in billions was $1,035.1 and per capita was $ 3,708. With that information we can clearly see that the United States of America have the most expensive health care system in the world. The number of people in the population without health care is one of the primary concerns raised by advocates of health care reform. Multiple surveys indicate that the number of uninsured has fallen due to expanded Medicaid eligibility and health insurance exchanges established due to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, also known as PPACA or “Obamacare”. According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2012 there were 48.0 million people in the U.S. (15.4% of the population) who were without health insurance coverage. Non-citizens are more likely to be uninsured than citizens, with a 43.8% uninsured rate. For millions of working Americans, the industrial revolution changed the very nature of their daily work. Previously, they might have...
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...The Image of the Gilded Age The Image of the Gilded Age Mark Twain first referred to the years between 1870 and 1900 in the United States as the Gilded Age. During this era, there was a rapid economic as well as political growth. This can be associated to the creation of a modern day industrial economy. This era was a witness to a rapid and massive development in the national transportation and the communication network. Corporate became the main and leading type of business organization and introduced managerial revolution which transformed business organizations. Investors and businesspersons created industrial cities in the Northeast with new factories. According to Carlisle (2009), the Gilded Age was one of the eras where America had undergone major political and economic transformations. In the beginning of the Gilded Age, the federal government tried to control the Native American people by creating schemes hoping to engage them in the wider America. This was not an easy task and led to violent conflicts, later known as the Indian Wars. In the middle of the 19th century, the attempts to control the Native American by the federal government increased. Many new European immigrants were starting to settle and begin their loves on the eastern border of the Native Indians territories. The United States Congress adopted the Dawes Act, also known as the General Allotment Act, in 1887. This act gave the United States President the authority...
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...The Industrial Revolution implemented numerous opportunities to all. Originally, these uprisings of events took place in the late 1700s regarding the country of England. As time passed, the term of commercial enterprise, Industrialization, spread throughout different regions and countries. Eventually these matters promoted higher standards for living conditions, which enacted more efficient exploitations to be taken place in that period of time. Industrialization is the conversion of rural ways, to advanced technicalities in manufacturing and other productive economic activities. While some might argue that Industrialization had primarily negative consequences for society because of the neglect and poor conditions, it was actually a positive thing for...
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...Were the Nineteenth-Century Entrepreneurs “Robber Barons”? Throughout the nineteenth century, the United States had just experienced a transformation that has revolutionized the world of business. The industrial revolution has brought in many new innovations such as, the railroad, a new method of effective and efficient transportation, and machinery which would increase the manufacturing process ten-fold. As new and effective manufacturing methods have been brought to light, the value of manufactured goods increased twelve-fold, while the invested capital in industrial pursuits multiplied twenty two times. (History of the United States pg. 270) The industrial revolution has not only brought economic prosperity in the United States, it has also jump-started the nation’s industrial growth. Throughout history, many of the big businessmen such as J.P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, and Andrew Carnegie, who control most of the big business during the period of the nineteenth century, are looked at in two different interpretations: Robber Barons or Entrepreneurial Statesman. Howard Zinn, a civil rights protestor and peace activist with a PhD from Columbia University, has written the paper, “Robber Barons and Rebels”, which supports the argument that the big businessmen are in fact Robber Barons. Zinn believed that the entrepreneurs of big business adopted business practices that encouraged monopolies and used the powers of government to control the masses from rebellion. Grover...
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...Chapter 17 The Industrial Revolution Learning Outcomes After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following: 17-1 Describe and discuss the development of the Industrial Revolution in America after the Civil War, concentrating on the major industries and their leaders. 17-2 Describe how America’s regional and local markets merged into one truly national market and how this influenced the consumer demand for products and services, as well as some of the costs associated with the transition. 17-3 Discuss the functioning of national, state, and local politics during the late 1800s. 17-4 Describe the formation of the early labor unions in the United States, including their goals, activities, and situations at the end of the nineteenth century. 290 C h apt e r 15 The Continued Move West “ The world that had consisted of small farms, artisans’ workshops, and small factories transformed into a full-scale industrial society. ” As the process of ensuring political, economic, and social rights of African Americans waned during the 1870s, most Americans turned their attenNo invention had more lasting impact than the incandestion to another transformation cent light bulb. brought on by the Civil War: the Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree Industrial Revolution. During 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 the half-century between 1865 and 1915, the United States evolved from a relative...
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...on the time period in America during the industrial revolution. The play follows a man, Yank, searching for how he fits into the world. The themes of the play revolve around how the United States was changing during this crucial moment in America’s history. New ideas, technologies and cultures were emerging, and O’Neill saw this. He wanted to express his views and opinions of how America was changing through his plays. His plays became influential and powerful because it focused on real-life issues and problems that were occurring during that time, even though the plays were fictional stories. The Hairy Ape is no exception and is one of many of his fantastic plays that delved into the dark reality that was occurring in post WWI America. O’Neill opens his play with a scene showing some firemen working in the engine room of a ship talking amongst each other. This scene is important because it already shows a major topic that O’Neill is tackling: the transformation of humans into “machines” by industrialization. The firemen work in a harsh and monotonous environment; they repeat the same task over and over without putting any thought into it. They are also shown as uneducated, primitive and uncivilized people. O’Neill portrays these people this way to show how degrading humans into tools are making them less intellectual and less “human.” Humans have the capability to think, create and be innovative, but O’Neill sees how this is changing as the new industrial age ushers in. He sees...
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...Furthermore, to earn the right to vote or to serve in a constitutional convention, southerners would have to take a second oath, called the iron-clad oath that testified that they had never voluntarily aided or abetted the rebellion. Lincoln vetoed the bill, but the battle about reconstruction continued. On April 14, 1865, Lincoln was shot in the back of the head while watching a play at ford’s theater in Washington. If Lincoln lives, he certainly would not have condoned what happened at Memphis or New Orleans, and he certainly would not have tolerated the KKK(Ku Klux Klan). Industrialization: The process of industrialization began well before the civil war, and indeed, industrialization and improved communications sparked the market revolution during the first...
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