...PREAMBLE You are required to use each of the three text extracts provided in this exam: Chesters, J. & L. Watson. (2012). Understanding the persistence of inequality in higher education: evidence from Australia. Journal of Education Policy, 28(2), 198-215. James, R., E. Bexley, M. Devlin & S. Marginson. (2007). Australian University Student Finances 2006. Centre for the Study of Higher Education: The University of Melbourne. Kearney, Judith. (2012). Unlucky in a lucky country: A commentary on policies and practices that restrict access to higher education in Australia. Journal of Social Inclusion, 3(1). QUESTION 1 5 Marks Describe the relationship between student work commitments and study. Refer to James et al. (2007), Table 3.8 for your answer. INSTRUCTIONS: Present your answer in the form of a data commentary in one or two well organised paragraphs. CRITERIA: You will be assessed on your ability to: * Set out a location statement * Highlight relevant information * Describe the features of the data * Use in-text citations to indicate the source, or sources, of your data. Question 2 5 Marks Write an essay plan for a 400 to 500 word essay written in response to the following question: Do you think that all Australian residents have equal access to a university education? Discuss using evidence from the 3 text extracts to support your response. CRITERIA: You will be assessed on your ability to: * Construct...
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...been improvements in the prosperity and general well-being of Indigenous Australians in recent years, there are still some ongoing challenges today. Indeed, associations such as ‘Kalinda, an inaugural Wingara Mura Leadership Program Fellow, launched in 2016 keeps on reviewing better approaches to manage the aberrations in wellbeing results for Indigenous individuals. Social determinants for the Indigenous population have led to poorer medicinal service’s availability and lower levels of mental and physical health. Developing a domain with fortress from mental and physical abuse as well as offering possibilities for self-awareness is all indispensable for expanded and euphoric lives of Indigenous peoples. There...
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...smaller representing populations in Australia, Indigenous Australians are at disadvantage in many areas. Areas ranging from employment, housing, justice and education among many more. There have been innumerable efforts at overcoming the disadvantages Aboriginal people have to face. For the purposes of this Essay, literature will be discussed in addressing the social inequality and disadvantage of indigenous people in relation to refining the gap in life expectancy (as a social-economic indicator) and what essential elements need to be considered for the process to work successfully. There are contending ideas in relevant literature as to what is the cause for the life expectancy gap between Indigenous and non-indigenous Australians, which also gives dissimilar arguments as to how to address the issue, with one side taking a view of longevity and the other a holistic method. It is argued that Indigenous Australians health inequalities could be narrowed with the improvement of the differences in health service access, provision and use. As the inabilities gain adequate health care due to, distance, cultural and availability barriers, thus leading to indigenous health problems being constant and prolonged (Healey 2002). However Eades of the of the Indigenous health research unit (2000, p.468) argues ‘that a complete tactic to improving the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders involves understanding the close relationships between their social and economic status and their...
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...Australia struggles to bring equality to its indigenous population This article starts by showing us some graphs that represent four different pledges of the “Closing the Gap” commitments made in 2008. The first graph shows the pledge of closing the life-expectancy gap within a generation by 2031. In this graph the blue dots represent the non-indigenous population and the red dots represent the indigenous population. We can see that this target is not on track because, even though the red lines are increasing in a very little measure, it is not enough to close the gap between the indigenous and the non-indigenous, whose life expectancy rate is around 11 points higher. The second graph represents the target of halving the gap in mortality rates for indigenous children under five within a decade by 2018. If we compare the distance between the two dots in 2008 we can see that the difference was very big (100 non-indigenous, 240 indigenous), but today this gap reduced in a great amount because it went from a difference of 140 points to 70 in 10 years, and it still has two more years to keep decreasing. The third pledge shown in the graph is halving the gap for indigenous students in reading, writing and numeracy within a decade by 2018. This target is marked as unclear because the percentage of year-5 students at or above minimum national standards went up around five points, which is not enough to halve this gap. The last graph shows the objective of halving the gap in employment...
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...self-harm. The definition of mental illness has been updated and a few times for the last 50 years on a regular basis (Parker &Milroy, 2014). Mental illness is also known as mental health disorder and it is very common in Australia. Mental disorders as defined by WHO (2016) is “comprise a broad range of problems, with different symptoms. However they are generally characterized by some combination of abnormal thoughts, emotions, behaviour and relationship with others. Examples are schizophrenia, depression, intellectual disabilities and disorders due to drug abuse.” Almost relatively half of the population in Australia suffered affective or substance use disorder and anxiety between the age from 16 to 85 in some stage of their life (The Department of Health, 2014). According to Australian government (2013), 7% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people hospitalised due to mental health condition. The leading cause of hospitalisation was schizophrenia, alcohol addiction and severe stress reaction (Holland et al., 2013). Among them the most affected age group was 25-44, who suffered from a number of...
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...The Internationally recognised film Samson & Delilah by Warwick Thornton’s is the story of two Indigenous teenagers who live in a remote Indigenous community. Thornton himself was born in a small Aboriginal community outside of Alice Springs and has spent most of his life working in and around Alice Springs. It is no surprise then that the movie is set in a small rural Indigenous town on the outskirts of Alice Springs. The movie explores the well know inequality among different groups in Australia such as Indigenous Australians and enables white Australians to engage with Indigenous Australians way of life. Thornton explores this inequality through the characters Samson (Rowan McNamara) & Delilah (Marissa Gibson) by use of a simple narrative,...
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... Using the latest Australian Bureau of Statistics data answer the following questions: Using current statistical information, discuss the inequality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous mortality rates in Australia Whilst the overall health of Australians is amongst the top third of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2010) here is a clear disparity between Indigenous and non-indigenous health when one considers that even in this day and age of modern medicine, Indigenous Australians are expected to live twelve years less than their non-indigenous counterparts for males, and ten years less for females (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2010) Despite significant improvements over the past decade Aboriginal infant mortality is still approximately three times that of non-Aborigines. For ATSI, the reduced overall impact of the communicable diseases has been balanced by a worsening of the "lifestyle" diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease and diabetes which are the biggest single killers of Indigenous peoples and an area where the Indigenous and non-Indigenous health equality gap is most apparent. (Australian Bureau of Statistics,2013) Where in 2012, death in coronary heart disease was number one; Indigenous:non-Indigenous rate ratios was 2:1,and second leading disease was diabetes was 7:0. The third leading cause of death was suicide for Indigenous males and chronic lower respiratory...
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...and the Closing the Gap Initiative are two Federal Government policies that are designed to end the disparity between the health of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. There are limited similarities between these two policies, however many differences, including the involvement of the Indigenous community in the creation and management of the policies and the aims of the policies; the effectiveness of these policies has been attributed to the level of involvement within the Indigenous community. The Northern Territory Emergency Response The Northern Territory Intervention was implemented in June 2007 in order to protect Aboriginal children from sexual abuse; this involved heavy regulation of the community member’s lives, and many people did not approve. The Intervention program was initiated in response to allegations of sexual abuse in Aboriginal communities during August 2006; this prompted an enquiry into methods to protect children, and on the 15th of June 2007, the “Little Children are Sacred” report was released (Calma, 2008). Following this, the federal government created a policy in the Northern Territory on the 23rd June 2007 called the Northern Territory Emergency Response, also labelled as “The Intervention” (Calma, 2008). The changes that were implemented in this Intervention policy include the removal of the permit system for access to Indigenous land, 50% of welfare payments were confined, the abolishment of government-funded Community Development Employment...
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...Indigenous Australians marginalized in today’s society Introduction Archaeologists believe that aboriginals first came to Australia about 45, 000 years ago and were the only population of humans in Australia until the British invasion. There are about 500 different aboriginal groups each with their own language and territory and usually made up of several separate clans. The aboriginals of Australia are marginalised in today society. This marginalisation began right back during the British invasion where they were evicted from their own country, the stolen generation occurred and their health care, education, employment and housing was severely limited. Aboriginals generally live in poor conditions and choose unhealthy lifestyle choices they also make up a disproportionate section in the prison population; this continues the negative attitudes that society has towards aboriginals today. History Aboriginals trace their creation back to the dreamtime, an era long past when they believe the earth was first formed by creatures. The dreamtime theory was that these creatures started human society and made all natural things and put them in special places. An aboriginal man once said “Aboriginals have a special connection with everything that is natural. Aboriginals see themselves as part of nature … All things on earth we see as part human. It is true that people who belong to a particular area are really part of that area and if that area is destroyed they are also destroyed...
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...Torres Strait Islanders or Indigenous Australian people’s access to health care. Exploring the impact of social determinants of health on Indigenous Australians and the numerous poorer health outcomes experienced by this population group will...
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...states that the indigenous peoples of Australia are one of the most disadvantaged indigenous groups in the developed world. The health of the Indigenous population of Australia is an increasingly pressing issue. Current research and statistics reveals great inequality in many areas of health care and health status between the Aboriginal people and the general population of Australia. Couzos and Murray (2008, p. 29) report that the Indigenous population has “the worst health status of any identifiable group in Australia, and the poorest access to health systems.” This paper will examine the underlying historical contexts and contributing factors that have lead to the current disparity between the health of the Indigenous Australians and non-Indigenous Australians. Furthermore, the high prevalence of chronic health issues such as diabetes will be analysed and community health initiatives that are needed or currently being enacted will be identified. Many reasons for the current appalling state of health and wellbeing of the Australian Aboriginal people can be explained by examining their recent history to the devastating impacts of colonisation, genocidal policy, loss of land and years of oppression. These several hundred years of cultural destruction, dispossession and social and political upheaval have resulted in generations of trauma and grief (Burke, 2006, para. 4). As reported by Forsyth (2007, p. 35-36), government policies enacted towards the indigenous population in the...
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...prove themselves to other staff. A difficult burden to carry when attempting to learn the new system, get to know different staff as well as give an efficient and effective nursing service to patients. This occurs when they are acknowledged, their demonstrated skills, education, training and form professional relationships. Raises another issue in our study as the new RNs are of local Aboriginal network and culture, working in a Western based medical system. We are informed that the Indigenous groups were pleased with the concept of nursing being given by same culture nurses, in fact they were asked for rather than the non Indigenous patients. This of course would give some positive feedback and acceptance for the new RNs. It is likely that some non Indigenous staff would not appreciate this, it causing some envy and further thoughts and treatment of the Aboriginal groups as ‘other’ holding consequences for them. Whilst others may appreciate knowledge of the local indigenous population. Such non acceptance demonstrates that although they have joined the system they are officially ‘in’ they have not been accepted as ‘part’ of it. This being a serious sign of discrimination from other staff and colleagues and a demonstration of ‘white privilege’. Such discrimination led to counselling and eventual resignation of one, then over a short time the health facility lost the other five Aboriginal RN’s. The white privilege theory shows the continuance of Australia’s’ history of building...
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...For as long as the white man has been evident on indigenous soil, the division of non-indigenous populations and indigenous populations have been present. The racism and discrimination that has impacted the Indigenous populations have drastically affected many generations. It is the development of the everyday Australian attitude that has encouraged social movements across the country; moving majority away from the traditional racism or “old-fashioned” racism. Old-fashioned racism regards the statement and policies that are intentionally and blatantly discriminative, it includes the genuine belief that a life of a black individual is worth significantly less than white individuals (Tesler, 2013). Movements across the decades have attempted...
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...‘Great rhetoric’ has the potential of impacting the reception of the perspectives, transforming society. Keating’s universal values significantly emphasise bridging the gap. He conveys the need to take responsibility for past discriminations, encouraging open and hopeful beliefs of reconciliation as opposed to assigning guilt. In taking responsibility, he proposes ideas into transforming the attitudes of Australians into improving their national identity by becoming one with the Indigenous people. “If we improve the living conditions… If we raise the standard by 20%... If we open one door others will follow.” The first steps in influencing people into transforming society, Keating uses anaphora in emphasizing that by transforming society in...
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...Belonging This essay discusses defines belonging. It identifies some elements of belonging, and focuses on selected few. It discussed concept of belonging from my perspective and looks at the significant of that from Aboriginals perspective based on research. It gives a brief history of the cruel nature of colonisation, its impact on Aboriginals and how this colonial mentality is perpetuated through discrimination to the Indigenous Australian disadvantage. It states why the policy introduced by the government does not sound promising, what the Aboriginals wants and human rights implications in the issues facing the Aboriginals. Definition of belonging Belonging is the connection and relationship of individual with the world around him/her. (Jacques Dufresne….) Even though belonging has physical components, it can be felt individually, and develops to diverse stages with time and circumstances. This means that human state of belonging is not permanent. The status of belonging can be explicated by the choices that people make. The concept of belonging Analysing and reviewing sense of belonging I approached it by applying to my own being-that I belong to a family, my mother and fatherland, an ethnic/cultural group, a religious, professional and community groups. Within these groups I have forged good relations. The thrives that keep this profound affiliation going for me is the values we share, that include honesty, caring, sharing, participation, inclusion and respect...
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