...Appendix A Prevention of Rodent Infestation A. To eliminate rodents and reduce the availability of food sources and nesting sites used by rodents inside home, cabins, and other buildings: 1. Keep food (including pet food) and water covered and stored in rodent-proof metal or glass/thick plastic containers with tight-fitting lids. 2. Store garbage in rodent-proof metal or thick plastic containers with tight-fitting lids. 3. Wash dishes and cooking utensils immediately after use and clean up and spilled food. 4. Do not leave pet food in feeding dishes. 5. Dispose of trash and clutter. 6. Use spring loaded rodent traps. B. To prevent rodents from entering homes, cabins, and other buildings: 1. Use steel wool or ¼” wire mesh to seal, screen or otherwise cover all opening into the building which have diameter >1/4 inch. 2....
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...Mountain Pine Bark Beetles are creating a major shift in the environment of the Rocky Mountain conifer Forests. The amount of tree mortality they spread through infestation is on such a large scale that Land Management Agencies are experiencing an overwhelming amount of tree stands affected. This paper will address the infestation of Rocky Mountain Pine Beetle Infestation and the causes, effects and management actions taken. Drought conditions in these areas have increased the extent of the infestation and allowed the insects thrive. Global warming and temperature increases in sub-alpine and alpine forest stands have also allowed the infestation to reach areas never that were at one time not affected by the infestation due to the environments low temperature. Overcrowding and understory litter have drained conifer tree stands of water, nutrients and sunlight. This outbreak allows for wildfire to thrive and has changed the intensity of wildfires in the Rocky Mountain area. Wildlife, recreational forest users, timber industry and the nation’s water resources have all been affected by this infestation through the increased threat of wildfire,...
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...been infested with insect pests b. Has been infected with bacteria c. Is resistant to ECB d. Is not affected by pesticides 4. BT is: a. A stomach poison produced by bacteria b. A genetically engineered corn product c. A bacterium carried by the European corn borer d. A bacterium that has a gene for producing Cry proteins 5. Creation of BT corn requires genetic material from all of the following except: a. European corn borer b. Bacillus thuringiensis c. a corn plant d. all of the above contribute genetic material to the production of BT corn Table 1: Average Yield for each seed variety at no, low, and high infestation levels Seed Variety | Level of ECB Infestation | Pot 1 Yield | Pot 2Yield | Pot 3Yield | Average Yield | BT 123 | None | 160.1 | 164.8 | 164.2 | 163 | | Low | 164.0 | 162.6 | 168.3 | 165 | | High | 157.3 | 157 | 159 | 156.8 | BT 456 | None | 190 | 183.2 | 184.8 | 186 | | Low | 178.8 | 172.6 | 179.6 | 177 | | High | 157.3 | 157 | 159 | 157.8 | Golden | None | 181.6 | 182.8 | 189.8 | 184.7 | | Low | 159.1 | 155 | 157.2 | 157.2 | | High | 135.4 | 139.6 | 138.3 | 136.8 | Super Harvest | None | 164.1 | 164.3 | 161.9 | 163.4 | | Low | 159.1 | 155 | 157.5 | 157.2...
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...handbook, click on “Greenhouse Handbook” on the shelf above the growth chamber in the lab simulation. 4. Read all background information and instructions in the “Questions” column. 5. Answer questions 1-5 on the Dependent and Independent Variables Worksheet. 6. Follow the instructions in the “Questions” column and complete the lab experiment. There are 4 seed varieties, two transgenic varieties – BT 123 and BT 456, and two non-transgenic varieties – Golden Crop and Super Harvest. You must gather data for all four varieties at levels of no infestation, low infestation, and high infestation. You may need to reset the simulation several times to see and select each of the four varieties. Record all of your data in Table 1 of the Lab 1 Worksheet. Calculate the average yield for each seed variety at each level of infestation. To calculate the average yield for one seed variety at one level of infestation: (Pot 1 yield + Pot 2 yield + Pot 3 yield)/3 = average yield 6. Calculate the percent (%) reduction in yield for each seed variety. To calculate the % reduction in yield for one seed variety: (avg. yield no infest. – avg. yield high infest.)/avg. yield no infest. X 100 = % reduction in yield Record this data in Table 2 of the Lab Worksheet. 7. Answer questions 6-12 on the Lab...
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...five Americans’ drinking water violates current safety standards. Each year, almost http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/08/business/energy-environment/08water.html?_r=0 1 million people in North America will become sick from water-borne diseases, including parasites. In addition, parasites can be transmitted through improperly cooked or raw food and from human to human contact. Initially, symptoms of parasitic infections can be watery diarrhea, abdominal cramping, rash, hives, and fever. Unfortunately, our immune systems are not effective in ridding our body of most parasites. Symptoms may come and go for months and years, making proper diagnosis difficult. They often disarm your immune system then reproduce rapidly —by the thousands. As the infestation grows so does the risks for more serious symptoms such as those discussed here. The good news is that there are treatments available once the proper diagnosis has been achieved. Dr. Leo Galland, advises that patients be persistent in communicating with their physicians. Proactive measures such as requesting stool samples be screened for evidence of parasitic disease is warranted especially when no other solution has been...
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...PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE (B.SC) IN ZOOLOGY July 2014 DEDICATION This project work is dedicated to ALMIGHTY ALLAH TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page i Certification ii Dedication iii Acknowledgments iv Abstract vi Table of contents vii CHAPTER ONE 1. Background of the Study 1 2. Objective of the Study 2 3. Scope of the Study 3 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 5 1. Biology Of Cockroaches 5 2.2 Cockroaches in Rural and Urban Communities of Kwara State 10 2.3 Predisposing Factors for Cockroach Infestation 17 2.4 Public Health Implications of Cockroach Infestations 17 2.5 Controlling Cockroaches 18 CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. The Study Area 21 2. The Study Populations 22 3. Method Of Sample Collection 23 4. Method Of Sample Preservation 25 5. Data Collection Technique 25 6. Data Analysis Technique 26 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction 27 4.2 Results 28 4.3 Discussion of Results 44 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 47 5.1 Conclusions 47 5.2 Recommendations 48 References 49 ABSTRACT The study is a comparative study that examine the population distribution of cockroaches in two separate communities mainly the Rural...
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...SLEEP WELL Biosensor to detect the presence of bed bugs in mattresses. INTRODUCTION o The bedbug (or bed bug) is an insect of the family Cimicidae that lives by hematophagy - feeding on the blood of humans and other warm-blooded hosts. [1] o When a person is bitten a large oval lump may arise followed by itching, or no reaction or a delayed reaction may be experienced. The bite may be mistaken for a mosquito bite or even a flea bite. Because the bite reaction is similar to that caused by other insects, bed bug infestations are difficult to diagnose correctly when bites are first experienced. This allows the bed bug population to increase and possibly disperse before the culprit is identified.[2] o Bedbugs seem to possess all of the necessary prerequisites for being capable of passing diseases from one host to another. There is the possibility that the saliva of the bedbugs may cause anaphylactic shock as well as anemia in a some people. In addition bedbugs can also transmit Chagas disease as well as Hepatitis B.[1] SLEEPWELL BIOSENSOR o This biosensor is in the form of a sheet that can be spread over the mattress at all times. o It will be able to diagnose the presence of even a single bed bug. o This is done through the detection of its feces. o The picture shows a mattress with bedbugs with some fecal matter thrown in for good measure. o Bed bugs usually eliminate much...
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...being, but also on a macro-spectrum, our environment. In time where global warming and industrialization are already challenging the preservation of the biodiversity of ecosystems, invasive species are becoming an increasing threat to environments and ecosystems. A species that has recently threatened and destructed many states including Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio, is known as the Asian Long-Horned Beetle. The Asian Long-Horned Beetle attacks many species of trees, including “poplars, maples, elms, and mulberries” and has a primary impact on street trees (5). Although the beetle is no bigger than an inch, it definitely packs a punch, causing massive and widespread destruction, which costs several hundreds of dollars to be spent per infestation. Background on the Asian Long-Horned Beetle The Asian Long-Horned Beetle is a native to Asia and was introduced to the United States in 1996 from “wood pallets and other wood packing material accompanying cargo shipments from Asia” (7). The Asian-Longhorned beetle is a tiny creature that is measured to be 1 to 1.5 inches in length and antennae that can be as long as four inches. They can be spotted by their shiny black exterior with white spots, as well as their white and black-banded antennae (2). Given its recent introduction, it didn’t take long for it to leave its impact on our environment. The first report of the effects of the Long-Horned Beetle came in August 1996 from Brooklyn, New York where they were discovered on many...
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...Scabies Scabies Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei), also known as the human “itch mite” is an eight-legged microscopic mite that burrows into the epidermis of the skin, where it lives and lays its eggs. Scabies can occur anywhere in the world and affects people of all races and social classes. Scabies spreads very rapidly under crowded conditions where close body contact is frequent. Such places as nursing homes, extended-care facilities, and prisons are often sites of scabies outbreaks. (CDC, 2010) Close physical contact and, less often, sharing clothing or bedding with an infected person can spread the mites. Once the scabies mite comes into contact with a host the female mite then burrows just beneath your skin and produces a tunnel in which she deposits her eggs. The eggs will then hatch within three to four days, and the scabies mite larvae will then work their way to the surface of the infected host’s skin. When they reach the host’s skin they will mature and spread to other areas of the host’s skin or to the skin of other people. The intense itching produced by the scabies mite are the results of an allergic reaction of your body to the mites, eggs and/or their waste. (Mayo Clinic, 2012) Dogs, cats and humans all are affected by their own distinct species of mite. Each species of mite prefers one specific type of host and doesn't live long away from that preferred host. So humans may have a temporary skin reaction from contact with the animal scabies mite, but people...
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...affected but…guess what? Those little nits are now on your kids and in your home. Getting rid of those tiny buggers can be stressful on everyone involved, but it doesn’t have to be. Premier Cuts Hair Salon in San Marcos, TX, carries a special line of lice treatment products to remove lice and their eggs, and prevent a future infestation. Head lice are parasites that live on human heads and feed off blood. These little critters are spread through close contact, sharing brushes, combs and clothing. Infestation is a common problem in school children and preschoolers. Lice are small, but cause itching, sores and a tickling feeling. You and your kids may also be a bit disturbed when the buggers walk around, sometimes even moving your hair. If one...
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...2013 Pest Management Standards For Food Plants i INTRODUCTION T he National Pest Management Association is pleased to release the 2013 Pest Management Standards for Food Plants. Since 2007, these standards have been the cornerstone of NPMA’s Commercial Division activities. Of note in the 2013 revision is the move away from prescriptive instructions regarding placement and monitoring frequency of pest management devices. Instead, a more results-oriented approach to pest management, based on pest trends, inspection observations, and professional knowledge is embraced. As stated in previous editions, these standards also do not preempt local, state, provincial, and/ or federal regulations. Any service provided must comply with government regulations or statutes governing pest management, safety, and food protection. In addition, food plants may have requirements more stringent than these standards. By embracing these standards, pest management firms demonstrate the industry’s role as protectors of food and property. In addition to these standards, a comprehensive online testing site can be found at www.npmatesting.com. This website includes the study guide and other resources noted in the standards. Through this site, NPMA is working to provide the tools necessary for pest management firms to comply with the standards and raise the level of competency of pest management professionals servicing food plants. We hope that you find these standards to be a...
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...CADBURY CRISIS MANAGEMENT On October 2003, just a month before Diwali, the Food and Drug Administration Commissioner received complaints about infestation in two bars of Cadbury Dairy Milk, Cadbury India’s flagship brand with over 70% market share. He ordered an enquiry and went directly to the media with a statement. Over the following 3-week period, resultant adverse media coverage touched close to 1000 clips in print and 120 on TV news channels. In India, where Cadbury is synonymous with chocolate, the company’s reputation and credibility was under intense scrutiny. Sales volumes came down drastically in the first 10 weeks, which was the festival season; retailer stocking and display dropped, employee morale – especially that of the sales team – was shaken. The challenge was to restore confidence in the key stakeholders (consumers, trade and employees, particularly the sales team) and build back credibility for the corporate brand through the same channels (the media) that had questioned it. In defense, Cadbury issued a statement that the infestation was not possible at the manufacturing stage and poor storage at the retailers was the most likely cause of the reported case of worms. But the FDA didn’t buy that. FDA commisioner, Uttam Khobragade told CNBC-TV18, “It was presumed that worms got into it at the storage level, but then what about the packing – packaging was not proper or airtight, either ways it’s a manufacturing defect with unhygienic conditions or improper packaging...
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...|*Practice Questions Midterm #1 |[| | |p| | |i| | |c| | |]| | |[pic] | |[|[| |[pic] | |p|p|The statements with no multiple choice are True/False questions. Remember that in all true/false questions, if any part is false, the whole | | |i|i|thing is false. | | |c|c| ...
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...best-managed companies and best workplaces in India, and a highly trusted and respected brand. 1.The background of crisis. On October 3rd 2003, just a month before Diwali, two bars of Cadbury Dairy Milk Chocolate were found infested at a shop in Mumbai. Maharashtra Food and Drug Administration (FDA) get complaint from consumer, who seized the chocolate stocks manufactured at Cadbury’s Pune plant. An inquiry was setup by the FDA to investigate into the infestation complaints, to determine whether this was a stray incident or is it one to add to the numbers. There is a clear message in every media, which is there were worm inside Cadbury chocolates and it became a major subject of discussion for the next ten days. There have 1000 newspaper articles and 120 TV news reported in 10 languages. Consumers started to against Cadbury and there is a symbol of disrepute and blame within these few days. Cadbury made a statement and announced, “the hygienic conditions in the factory are more than satisfactory; it is impossible for infestation to occur during the manufacturing process” and poor storage at the retailers was the most likely cause of the reported case of worms. However, FDA said defective packaging is the reason of worms got into the chocolate at the storage level. That was followed by allegations and counter-allegations between Cadbury and FDA...
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...available partner capacity and funds to increase the scope of projects. With the integration and support from specific programs like Recreation, Road Management, Trail Management, Forest Health Protection, Hazardous Fuels, Facilities Maintenance, Forest Management, Vegetation Management and Salvage Sale, approximately $138 million in agency and supplemental appropriations is expected to fund the overwhelming toll the beetles have inflected on the forests. Hazard Rating System: Because outbreaks usually develop in mature to over mature forests, especially in lodgepole pine, large reserves of these forests pose a constant hazard in areas climatically favorable to the different species of the bark beetle. It is very expensive to treat all infestations. Therefore, susceptible stands need to be prioritized on economic or other criteria and control applied only to the most valuable stands. Several hazard rating systems have been developed based on climatic, tree, and stand variables that have significant effects on both beetle survival and distribution. Currently in...
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