...‘Migration into cities has resulted in the rise of the informal sector rather than transforming the urban space into an industrial site.’ Discuss the reasons for this seemingly perverse phenomenon using examples from any two countries. Starting from the late 18th century, the Industrial Revolution led to an incontestable migration from the countryside to the city as industries agglomerated in the centre of Western cities. A century later, as industrialization gained what is known as the developing world, classical economists such as Lewis predicted large waves of migration that would transform the urban space into an industrial site. Yet, the most noticeable phenomenon of migration was a rise and establishment of an informal sector, comprising up to 90% of jobs and 70% of GDP production in countries like India. Are these results perverse, i.e. contrary to the accepted or expected norm? Looking specifically at cities in Ghana and Pakistan, while economic policies must take some blame for the lack of industrialisation, the rise and perseverance of an informal sector results of the confrontational and antagonising policies taken against rural to urban migration, which itself was misunderstood by authorities. More recent research proves that while the informal sector remains as prominent, it is not incompatible with the development of industry. The traditional explanation of migration towards cities (rural-urban migration) is laid out by Lewis in a model that emphasises...
Words: 2480 - Pages: 10
...L. Robert Kohls, Executive Director for The Washington International Center discusses the American cultural values and how they may be seen through the eyes of international visitors. In his article he provides a list of thirteen ingrained values that most, if not all Americans have and share. He also explains how American actions through these values are very strange and unsettling in comparison to foreigner’s values. He calls these values “The Values Americans Live By” a list of thirteen values that explain how Americans act and what they deem as important to American society. He tries to explain this in a way that will assist international visitors understand the nature of American culture and how it may differ from theirs. He begins to explain that Americans cannot put their finger on their own values and are not able to identify what they believe as a whole. He also explains that the list is viewed by Americans as positive meaning that all the values listed are looked on as very favorable and advantageous to its culture. The list starts with how man has the right and should control nature and uses the example of space travel and landing on the moon. He explains that Americans do not rely on fate and will go so far as to criticize and demean people that do. Americans at all costs will do whatever it takes to control nature. Change is the next on the list and is inevitably a good thing that brings progression, advancement, and evolution. He suggests that Americans...
Words: 1147 - Pages: 5
...Classic Case 6 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Frank Shipper Salisbury State University Charles C. Manz Arizona State University To make money and have fun. W. L. Gore On July 26, 1976, Jack Dougherty, a newly minted MBA from the College of William and Mary, dressed in a dark blue suit and bursting with resolve, reported for his first day at W. L. Gore & Associates. He presented himself to Bill Gore, shook hands firmly, looked him in the eye, and said he was ready for anything. What happened next was one thing for which Jack was not ready. Gore replied, “That’s fine, Jack, fine. Why don’t you look around and find something you’d like to do.” Three frustrating weeks later he found that something, dressed in jeans, loading fabric into the mouth of a machine that laminated the company’s patented Gore-Tex membrane to fabric. By 1982, Jack had become responsible for all advertising and marketing in the fabrics group. This story was part of the folklore that was heard over and over about W. L. Gore. By 1991, the process was slightly more structured. New associates took a journey through the business before settling into their own positions, regardless of the position for which they were hired. A new sales associate in the Fabric Division might spend six weeks rotating through different areas before concentrating on sales and marketing. Among other things, he or she might learn how Gore-Tex fabric was made, what it could and could not do, how...
Words: 11345 - Pages: 46
...1 Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Economic Development: An Overview Adam Szirmai, Wim Naudé, and Micheline Goedhuys 1.1 Purpose of the book Economic development requires sustainable and shared increases in per capita income accompanied by changes in the structural composition of an economy towards higher value added goods and more efficient production methods. Entrepreneurs can contribute to economic development by facilitating the reallocation of resources from less to more productive uses (Acs and Storey 2004), by performing ‘cost-discovery’, ‘gap-filling’, and ‘input-completing’ functions in the economy (Leibenstein 1968; Hausmann and Rodrik 2003) and by supporting structural change (Lewis 1954; Gries and Naudé 2010). These roles have recently been the subject of a growing literature (see e.g. Minniti and Naudé 2010; Naudé 2010a, 2010b, 2010c). A neglected function in this literature is the potential role of entrepreneurs as innovators in developing countries. Joseph Schumpeter pointed out a century ago that entrepreneurs are often innovators, bringing new goods and technologies to markets, opening up new markets, processes, and ideas, and commercializing new knowledge. But, it is often mistakenly suggested that innovation by entrepreneurs is less important for growth in low-income developing countries than in more advanced economies.1 A substantial literature has been devoted to understanding the conditions under which entrepreneurs innovate, and the nature and evolution...
Words: 12560 - Pages: 51
...The Indian Banking Sector On the Road to Progress G. H. Deolalkar G. H. Deolalkar is formerly Managing Director of State Bank of India. 60 A STUDY OF FINANCIAL MARKETS Overview of Banking and Financial Institutions The Banking Sector The banking system in India is significantly different from that of other Asian nations because of the country’s unique geographic, social, and economic characteristics. India has a large population and land size, a diverse culture, and extreme disparities in income, which are marked among its regions. There are high levels of illiteracy among a large percentage of its population but, at the same time, the country has a large reservoir of managerial and technologically advanced talents. Between about 30 and 35 percent of the population resides in metro and urban cities and the rest is spread in several semi-urban and rural centers. The country’s economic policy framework combines socialistic and capitalistic features with a heavy bias towards public sector investment. India has followed the path of growth-led exports rather than the “exportled growth” of other Asian economies, with emphasis on self-reliance through import substitution. These features are reflected in the structure, size, and diversity of the country’s banking and financial sector. The banking system has had to serve the goals of economic policies enunciated in successive fiveyear development plans, particularly concerning equitable income distribution, balanced...
Words: 30682 - Pages: 123
...The Battle R e ta i l for What is FDI in retail? Retail battle: It’s finally about politics and numbers, not FDI FDI in retail: Why it works for everyone FDI fineprint: Easing FDI doesn’t ease problems plaguing retail 04 06 08 The verdict FDI in retail: Why the politicians are illogical, and have got it wrong Don’t pity the kirana guy, he knows how to fight back Economy, not kirana shops, is biggest loser in retail FDI debate Why the kirana dukan doesn’t care about Big Brother 11 13 15 17 All sides of the debate GOVERNMENT FDI in retail ‘distinct and different’: Sharma Out on a limb: Govt says FDI in retail will ‘immensely benefit farmers’ Reader debate: Is FDI in retail bane or boon? PUBLIC India Inc appeals political parties to support FDI in retail India Inc divided over FDI in multi-brand retail INDUSTRY FDI in retail: Opposition, allies term it anti-people Will not allow Parliament to function until FDI in retail is withdrawn: NDA OPPOSITION Why some farmers are relieved to be dealing with Wal-Mart Farmers Retail FDI: The merits are over-hyped, say academics Academics Cong meets over FDI in retail: Is a rollback on the cards? Will FDI last? FDI nod given, global retailers wait for more clarity The world is waiting FDI in retail What is ? Retail battle: It’s finally about politics and numbers, not FDI he Congress is hell-bent on pushing through its proposal for foreign direct investment (FDI)...
Words: 12610 - Pages: 51
...PROJECT ON “COMPARING REGIONAL INTEGRATION: APEC AND ASEAN” Master of Commerce Semester-I (2013-2014) Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For the award of degree of M.Com By VIshwanath Vinod Acharya Seat No: ______ Tolani College of Commerce Sher-e-Punjab society, Andheri (East), Mumbai-400 093 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Vishwanath Acharya of M.Com Semester I (2013-2014) has successfully completed the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN” under the guidance of Dr.Vasudev Iyer. Project Guide: ____________________________ Course Coordinator: ____________________________ External Examiner: ____________________________ Principal: ____________________________ DECLARATION I, Vishwanath Acharya , the student of M.Com Semester-I (2013-2014) hereby declare that I have completed the project on “COMPARING REGIONAL INTEGRATION: APEC AND ASEAN ” in the course Economics of Global Trade and Finance. The information submitted is true and original to the best of my knowledge. References have been cited wherever necessary. Date: ___________ Place: Mumbai Signature of Student Vishwanath V. Acharya ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Preparing the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN ” has given me extensive practical knowledge related to the course. I would like to first thank our principal Dr.A.A.Rashid, for his valuable support in preparing this project. I express my deep sense of Gratitude...
Words: 12230 - Pages: 49
...Research Paper The experience of ethnic minority workers in the hotel and catering industry: Routes to support and advice on workplace problems Ref: 03/06 2006 Prepared by: Tessa Wright and Anna Pollert (Working Lives Research Institute, London Metropolitan University) Funded by Acas and the European Social Fund For any further information on this study, or other aspects of the Acas Research and Evaluation programme, please telephone 020 7210 3673 or email research@acas.org.uk Acas research publications can be found at http://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=405 ISBN 0-9554830-0-X ISBN 978-0-9554830-0-4 The Experience of Ethnic Minority Workers in the Hotel and Catering Industry: Routes to Support and Advice on Workplace Problems Ref: 03/06 2006 Prepared by: Tessa Wright and Anna Pollert (Working Lives Research Institute, London Metropolitan University) Funded by Acas and the European Social Fund Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the European Social Fund and Acas for providing financial support to the project, and Acas staff also for their guidance during the project, in particular Margaret Fox, Anthony Gould and Gill Dix. The project benefited greatly from the contributions of the Project Advisory Group, both in suggestions made on methodology, access and content at meetings, and help in accessing research participants. Many individuals and organisations helped us in gaining access to workers to interview...
Words: 28672 - Pages: 115
...Thematic Paper on MDG 1 ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER 2000 2010 2005 FOREWORD I am extremely pleased to introduce this set of analytical papers on the Millennium Development Goals1. The papers were produced by the member agencies of the UN Development Group Task Force on the MDGs, working in clusters. Each paper had one or more lead agencies and a set of member agencies in support. The Task Force was also able to draw on the ideas, experience and advice of a considerable range of other agencies and experts, including from Non-Governmental, academic and other sectors. A peer review process was held to move towards the final versions, which incorporated detailed and rich discussions on the ideas generated by the papers. In this effort, the central intention of the Task Force was to try to identify promising or successful experiences in country efforts to move towards the various Goals, and to gain understanding of the factors contributing to this progress. The focus of the papers is therefore on the national and local level; on country-led (rather than UN) efforts; and on a range of immediate and underlying factors that appear to be important or essential in enabling progress under differing conditions and country circumstances. The papers do not present or represent formal, official UN policy positions. Rather, they reflect the collective analytical efforts of the MDG Task Force, as endorsed by the UN Development Group, in an effort to bring ideas and suggestions...
Words: 35418 - Pages: 142
...APPENDIX 1 INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS IN FEDERAL SYSTEMS INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS IN FEDERAL SYSTEMS 1 Introduction 1 2 FEDERAL SYSTEMS 3 3 WHAT ARE INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS? 4 4 AUSTRALIA’S FEDERATION – HOW IS IT OPERATING? 5 5 INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS 8 6 INTERNATIONAL FEDERAL SYSTEMS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW 9 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 PRINCIPLES OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS EFFECTIVENESS TRANSPARENCY ACCOUNTABILITY EFFICIENCY INDEPENDENCE 11 11 33 34 37 40 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL ARRANGEMENTS REVENUE RAISING SPENDING FISCAL EQUALISATION MONITORING POLICY 43 43 51 55 56 57 9 CONCLUSION 59 INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS IN FEDERAL SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION 1| INTRODUCTION Australia, like many other systems of government around the world, is a federal system. Federations, while divided into different levels of government inevitably have a degree of interdependency between governments. Inescapably there arises a degree of conflict or ineffective governance. For example, disputes may arise between different governments on the basis of service provision or infrastructure, constitutional jurisdiction, fiscal arrangements (e.g. vertical fiscal imbalance or spending powers) or environmental or social issues. Most federations have developed a system of intergovernmental consultation and ...
Words: 23183 - Pages: 93
...TESTS 100 TOEIC Preparation Tests Index ...................................................................................... Advanced Level 1. Bearing Information ..................................................................... 2. Cinemas ................................................................................. 3. Cliches ................................................................................. 4. Mistaken Identity ....................................................................... 5. Speaking: At the Station ................................................................ 6. Speaking: At the Supermarket ............................................................ 7. Speaking: At the Theatre ................................................................ 8. Speaking: The Broadcast ................................................................. 9. What comes next (the bill) .............................................................. 10. Accounts ............................................................................... 11. Advertising ............................................................................ 12. Agreements ............................................................................. 13. Applying for that Job .................................................................. 14. Are You in Debt? ....................................................................... 15. At the Computer ...................................
Words: 56150 - Pages: 225
...TESTS 100 TOEIC Preparation Tests Index ...................................................................................... Advanced Level 1. Bearing Information ..................................................................... 2. Cinemas ................................................................................. 3. Cliches ................................................................................. 4. Mistaken Identity ....................................................................... 5. Speaking: At the Station ................................................................ 6. Speaking: At the Supermarket ............................................................ 7. Speaking: At the Theatre ................................................................ 8. Speaking: The Broadcast ................................................................. 9. What comes next (the bill) .............................................................. 10. Accounts ............................................................................... 11. Advertising ............................................................................ 12. Agreements ............................................................................. 13. Applying for that Job .................................................................. 14. Are You in Debt? ....................................................................... 15. At the Computer ...................................
Words: 55440 - Pages: 222
...Helsinki University of Technology Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Doctoral Dissertation Series 2010/8 Espoo 2010 LEADERSHIP IN A SMALL ENTERPRISE Helena Palmgren Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Science in Technology to be presented with due permission of the Faculty of Information and Natural Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, for public examination and debate on May 7, 2010 at 12 o'clock in Auditorium AS1 at the Aalto University School of Science and Technology, Espoo, Finland Aalto University School of Science and Technology Department of Industrial Engineering and Management P.O. Box 15500 FIN-00076 AALTO FINLAND Tel. + 358-9-4702 2846 Fax + 358-9-4702 3665 Internet http://tuta.tkk.fi Copyright © Helena Palmgren helena.palmgren@ttl.fi ISBN 978-952-60-3100-2 (print) ISBN 978-952-60-3101-9 (electronic) ISSN 1797-2507 (print) ISSN 1797-2515 (electronic) URL:http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2010/isbn9789526031019/ The cover artwork © Eila Haydn, 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval systems, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without permission in writing from the publisher. Edita Espoo 2010 ii ABSTRACT OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 11000, FI-00076 AALTO http://www.aalto.fi Author Helena Palmgren ...
Words: 100514 - Pages: 403
...SUMMER TRAINING REPORT SUBMITTED TOWARDS THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF POST GRADUATE DEGREE IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT On Kotak Mahindra Group INDUSTRY GUIDE FACULTY GUIDE AMITY INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL, NOIDA AMITY UNIVERSITY – UTTAR PRADESH TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter No. Subject Page No. Ch No.1 Executive Summary…………………. 6 Ch No.2 Research Methodology……………… 7 2.1 Primary Objective(s)…………. 2.2 Hypothesis…………………… 2.3 Research Design……………… 2.4 Sample Design……………….. 2.5 Scope of the Study……………. 2.6 Limitations……………………. Ch No.3 Critical Review of Literature……….. 9 Ch No.4 Company Profile ……………………. 18 Ch No.5 Industry Profile……………….. 21 Ch No.6 SWOT Analysis…………………. 45 Ch No.7 Data………………………………….. 46 7.1 Collection……………………… 7.2 Primary Data…………………… 7.3 Secondary Data….…………….. Ch No.8 Working Capital- Overall View……… 53 Ch No.9 Findings & Analysis…………………. 100 Ch No.10 Recommendations…………………… 112 Ch No.11 Bibliography…………………………. 114 Ch No.12 Annexure…………………………….. 115 12.1 Tables…………………………. 12.2 Graphs………………………… Ch No.13 Case Study...…..................................... 117 Ch...
Words: 27597 - Pages: 111
...The Essential Drucker BOOKS BY PETER F. DRUCKER MANAGEMENT The Essential Drucker Management Challenges for the 21st Century Peter Drucker on the Profession of Management Managing in a Time of Great Change Managing for the Future Managing the Non-Profit Organization The Frontiers of Management Innovation and Entrepreneurship The Changing World of the Executive Managing in Turbulent Times Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices Technology, Management and Society The Effective Executive Managing for Results The Practice of Management Concept of the Corporation ECONOMICS, POLITICS, SOCIETY Post-Capitalist Society Drucker on Asia The Ecological Revolution The New Realities Toward the Next Economics The Pension Fund Revolution Men, Ideas, and Politics The Age of Discontinuity Landmarks of Tomorrow America’s Next Twenty Years The New Society The Future of Industrial Man The End of Economic Man AUTOGRAPHY Adventures of a Bystander FICTION The Temptation to Do Good The Last of all Possible Worlds --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A DF Books NERDs Release THE ESSENTIAL DRUCKER. Copyright © 2001 Peter F. Drucker. All rights reserved under international and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable license to access and read the text of this e-book on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse...
Words: 109564 - Pages: 439
